computer parts and their most common

failures, how to fix them yourself

User Manual
[Subtítulo del documento]

Agustin Pacheco Ricardo

 Index
Motherboard
 RAM
 VIDEO CARD
 HARD DRIVES AND SSD
 POWER SUPPLY
 CD PLAYERS
Memoria ROM
monitor
 

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Motherboard

Also known as
motherboard or
motherboard, this
component is to which
all the other
components of our
computer must be
connected. On this board there are various circuits and
sockets in which the different components of the PC are
connected, such as the CPU, RAM memory sticks, the
source, among others.
The motherboard, in addition to several circuits, also has a
firmware called BIOS, which has the task of running the rest
of the hardware and in addition to booting the operating
system that we have installed on the computer.
Without this component it would be impossible to make a
computer work, even if we have the rest. It is, without a
doubt, one of the most important parts of a computer.
Failures and solutions
Motherboard failures are critical to the system, because a
damaged motherboard can damage all components
connected to it, including the processor, memory, added
cards, and even external devices connected to the ports on
the board or motherboard. Motherboards or motherboards

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may fail for the following reasons: 1. Electrostatic discharge.
2. Power peaks, failures in the electrical power source. 3.
Physical damage (blows or impact) during the installation of
a processor or processor. 4. Excessive bending during the
process of installing a processor or memory. 5. Damage to
components next to the processor socket during installation
of a new processor. 6. Loose components within the system
that impact when the system is moved. 7. Overheating of the
north bridge chip. 8. Component short circuits after
installation. Error messages: You receive error messages that
indicate you don't have enough memory. This is your
computer's distress call, although poor performance is
probably noticeable long before the computer warns.
Hard Drive light: The light on the PC's hard drive flickers
frequently during regular computer use. If the microcircuits
in RAM are close to maximum capacity, the computer relies
more on the less efficient hard drive, slowing down the
entire system.

Blue Screens: "The blue screen of death" that frequently

freezes the computer and requires a reboot. The "blue
screen" is a system alert that informs you about a memory
failure.
Monitor no response: The computer restarts, but there is no
video input, for example the screen is black even though the
connections are well made.

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Do not restart the system: The PC does not restart or restarts
but the PC refuses to load the operating system, for example
Windows.

OS malfunction: The operating system is not working

properly or shuts down completely.
Memoria RAM
RAM is one of the main types of memory of our
computer, the other being the memory of the storage
unit. The memory basically has the task of saving data
temporarily and dispatching them quickly, when
necessary, any data that is stored in RAM will be lost
once our computer is turned off or restarted.
RAM as a component is actually the so-called RAM sticks,
which are two long, rectangular pieces that are placed on the
motherboard of our computer. It is an extremely fast access
memory, although this quality makes it very limited in terms
of quantity. While it is common to see for example 500GB
hard drives, it would be crazy to run into that amount of
RAM, although technically it is possible to have it if we have
the right hardware and architecture in our PC.
Failures and solutions
Fail: Sends an out-of-memory error message to work
Solution: Vaccinate your computer, install an antivirus
and keep it up to date

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Solution: Verify that you have inserted the memory
correctly. Check with the help of the manual if we have
made the enlargement correctly. Check that the banks have
been filled properly and where necessary with modules of
the same capacity and type. If after doing all this it still
does not work, the memory will be defective or will be
broken.
Failure: The system does not recognize all installed
memory. (During computer startup, an error message will
appear indicating that there is an error in the CMOS
regarding the size of the memory)
Solution: We will enter the BIOS and save the changes so
that the system recognizes all the memory

Video card
The video card, also called graphics
card, is the component of our PC,
creates the link between the rest of
the internal hardware of the
computer and our monitor, that is,
this piece is the one that will have
the task of showing us what we are
going to see on the screen.
. Some reasons why the Video may not work or present
failures: - Power supply. - False contact. - Driver problem. -
Operating System Problem. - Errors in the Hard Drive or

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 Main Memory. - Overheating problem. - Damaged Video
Card. - Configuration problems.
Hard drives and SSDs
Storage unit. Until a few years
ago, only magnetic hard disks
(HDDs) were used. However, in
recent years the use of 'SSD' (Solid
State Drive) has become popular,
another type of faster disk with
new technology. These Disks are
tasked with storing information. Through the operating system
of the computer you can write or read this information that is on
the hard disk

Most common errors and how to fix them

Viruses and unwanted software: Computer viruses and

unwanted programs infect systems and destroy system
files stored on hard drives. These viruses and malware
usually enter the system from external sources, such
as the Internet and external hard drives. These viruses
tend to first attack hard drives and then spread to other
computers on the same network.

Computer viruses and malware: Updating your

computer system is one way to solve this problem.
Another possible solution is to frequently install and
update your antivirus software. This antivirus program
will protect your system and hard drive from threats.

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Factory defects: Untested hard drives do not respond
after several months of use. This problem usually
occurs with new hard drives. The cause is usually a
manufacturing fault that causes the hard drive to fail.
The best way to solve this problem is to be cautious
when buying a new hard drive. It is important to test the
new hard drive before installing it on the computer
system. However, if your hard drive has a factory
problem and stops responding, the only solution is to
replace the hard drive.
4. Heat: Heat is a common problem on hard drives.
When the system becomes overloaded, the blades on
the hard drive begin to move more slowly and the
system begins to heat up immediately after booting. In
addition, a clicking sound can be heard on the system
hardware, indicating that the hard disk is overheating.
The reason is that the processor blades are not
ventilated or defective, which overheats the system to
the point of damaging the hard drive.
Heat on your computer's hard drive: The solution to the
heat problem is to make sure that the processor blade
is installed correctly and that the hard drive is properly
cooled. Alternatively, you can install an application that
allows you to keep track of the temperature of your
hard drive. If you start to exceed the maximum, turn off
the computer for a period of time and let it cool down
before proceeding.

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Your computer cannot detect the hard drive or BIOS.
The inability of the computer to recognize the BIOS or
hard drive is due to a failure in the power supply
provided by the UPS. This causes the hard drive to fail
to spin properly, causing the computer to fail to
recognize the BIOS or hard drive.
When the hard drive or BIOS is detected, the computer
crashes.

The best way to solve this problem is to make sure that

the power supply used by the computer's hardware
components, especially the hard drive, is working
properly. You can do this by replacing the cables
connecting the UPS to the hard drive with a UPS from
a reputable company.
Human error: User error is also a cause of hard drive
failure. For example, improper installation of the
operating system, changes in the configuration of the
registered system, repositioning of system folders, etc.
are all human errors that can cause irreparable
damage to the hard drive.
Avoid making unnecessary changes to registered
system settings or repositioning system files. Also,
make sure that the operating system is installed
correctly.

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Hard drives are necessary for the proper functioning of
a computer system. They are also susceptible to
damage and problems that can result in loss of data
stored in them. Moreover, you can avoid the possibility
of hard drive failure by taking the necessary
precautions.
Fuente de alimentación
It is responsible for feeding the
equipment with electric current.
Without power supply nothing will
work.

Choosing a source of good quality, and that has

enough power, is very important. If this source
does not have the necessary power to feed the
components of the electrical power equipment,
failures or poor performance can occur. For that
reason you always have to It is responsible for
feeding the equipment with electric current.
Without power supply nothing will work.

FALLAS Y SOLUCIONES

1. Accumulation of dust: It causes the fan to fence

sticking so it does not cool the components well, also
the components having dust can dissipate less heat,
and then the source heats up and some devices are
damaged. Among the most common, there are
diodes, usually in the form of a power transistor. 2.

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 Short circuit that can happen by some cable of the
source that sticks with the fan or some pin or metal
end and make short. 3. Burnt source: This usually
happens by exceeding the capacity of the source. For
example, when connecting or adding multiple
devices such as multiple hard drives, optical drives,
video and sound cards, larger monitors, etc. 1. In the
case of diodes, the relevant tests would have to be
carried out and when checking the damage, they
would have to be replaced. These are relatively
inexpensive. 2. If the problem was a short, it may be
that the damaged part is a fuse. This in the same
way as the diodes ...
2. Naranja: +3V Rojo: +5V Amarillo: +12V

LECTORES

One of the parts of a

computer that is becoming
less common. With the
advent of every new PC –
especially laptops – you see
readers disappear.

It is already impossible to
see floppy disk readers, which were responsible for
reading and writing floppy disk information. Now CD
and DVD readers/writers are also becoming less
common. Although desktop computers still include them.
Basically, a 'reader' is a component of the equipment that
is responsible for reading some type of unit (in the case of

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the CD / DVD reader they read this kind of discs) to be
able to access their information or burn to them in case it
has that feature.

Memoria Rom

ROM (read-only memory) is the

memory used to store the programs that start the
computer and perform diagnostics. Most computers
have a small amount of ROM (a few thousand bytes).
failure good to start with if the ROM memory is
damaged your PC would not give any signal........
solution and to solve it what you have to do is change it
for another, but for this you have to know electronics
since you have to change a shit that is soldered to the
motherboard .... otherwise pay attention to the beeps
MONITOR

failures and solution of a monitor Computer Monitor.

The computer monitors or computer screen is the main
output device (interface), which displays data or
information to the user. It can also be considered an
Input/Output peripheral if the monitor has a touch

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screen or multi-touch fails. 1. The monitor turns on, but
the image does not appear. Solution: There may be
several tests we can do before reporting the problem as
an electronic failure. In most cases, this problem is
caused by physically moving the contrast and brightness
adjustment buttons. Another possible cause is that the
cable in the video card connector has come loose or is
loose. Failure: 2. The screen turns off after a while of
work. Solution: On new computers, the BIOS ROM
(Setup) program introduces the possibility to turn off the
monitor in order to save power consumption. To
determine if your computer has this (....)