Introduction to Basic Electronics- Laboratory

Equipment’’
EXPERIMENT#1

BY;
SYEDA ISHA ZAHEER
OBJECTIVES:
This exercise examines the laboratory equipment- bread board,
resistor, diode, and DMM. This also covers the introductory
theory of the semiconductor devices.
Theory Overview
Introduction:
The semiconductor diode is formed by doping P-type impurity
in one side and N-type of impurity in another side of the
semiconductor crystal forming a p-n junction as shown in the
following figure.

At the junction initially free charge carriers from both sides

recombine forming negatively charged ions in P side of
junction (an atom in P -side accept electron and becomes
negatively charged ion) and positively charged ion on n side
(an atom in n-side accepts hole i.e. donates electron and
becomes positively charged ion) region. This region deplete of
any type of free charge carrier is called as depletion region.
Further recombination of free carrier on both sides is prevented
because of the depletion voltage generated due to charge
carriers kept at distance by depletion (acts as a sort of
insulation) layer as shown dotted in the above figure.
 Bread board
A thin plastic board used to hold electronic components
(transistors, resistors, chips, etc.) that are wired together. Used
to develop prototypes of electronic circuits, breadboards can be
reused for future jobs. They can be used to create one-of-a-

kind systems but rarely become commercial products. The

breadboard contains spring clip contacts typically arranged in
matrices with certain blocks of clips already wired together.
The boards also typically include metal strips along the side
that are used for common power rails and signal buses

Digital Multimeter;

Digital multimeters are measuring

instruments that can measure quantities
such as voltage, current, and resistance.
Measured values are shown on a digital
display, allowing them to be read easily and
directly, even by first-time users.
Some digital multimeters select the
measurement range automatically,
eliminating the need to choose it manually.
Consequently, these instruments are This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed
comparatively easy to use, even for
beginners. Naturally, analog testers also
offer advantages, for example in terms of
the ease with which changes in the
Find the value of resistances,through colorr coding

Conclusion
Color coding is the process of reading the color bands on the resistances the gold
band tolerates for the 5% and the silver band tolerates for the 10% It is an accurate
method for measuring the resistances