To analyze the output waveform of a half wave rectifier

with filter capacitor in parallel with the load resistor

EXPERIMENT#5

BY;
AMNA ZUBAIR
OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concept and working of half wave rectifier with filter capacitor.
• To observe waveform at the output of half wave rectifier with filter capacitor

• To measure DC voltage

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HALF WAVE

RECTIFIER:
In half wave rectifier only half cycle of applied AC voltage is used. Another half
cycle of AC voltage (negative cycle) is not used. Only one diode is used which
conducts during positive cycle. The circuit of half wave rectifier with capacitor is
shown as:

For the first quarter of the positive cycle of the input voltage, the capacitor will
charge up to the supply maximum voltage Vp. For the second quarter of the
positive cycle, the diode will become reverse bias because of the cathode at a
higher potential than the anode. So, for the rest of the cycle, the capacitor will
provide current to the load and discharge until the supply voltage becomes
more than that of capacitor voltage. As the input voltage increased from the
capacitor voltage the capacitor will again start charging and the chain will
remain.
 A measure of the effectiveness of the filter can be judged by the
parameter called ripple factor. The formula of the ripple factor is the
ratio between ripple voltage (peak to peak) and DC voltage.

r = Vr(pp)
VDC

PRACTAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

XSC1

Ext Trig
+
_
A B
+ _ + _
D1

1N4007
V1
50Vpk
20Hz C1 R1
0° 9µF 2kΩ

Output WAVEFORM-
OBSERVATION-1:
Observations: With filter capacitor
1. AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= 35.3V
2. DC output voltage VDC = 2(48.5)/3.14=30.8V
3. DC current: IDC =48.5/2k=24.2mA
4. AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: 48.5V
5. Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = 1.57
Increase the capacitance and measure the ripple
factor
XSC1

Ext Trig
+
_
A B
+ _ + _
D1

1N4007
V1
50Vpk
20Hz C1 R1
0° 10µF 2kΩ

Output WAVEFORM-2
OBSRVATION-2:

1. AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= 35.3V

2. DC output voltage VDC = 2(49)/3.14=31V
3. DC current: IDC =49/2k=24.2mA
4. AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: 49V
5. Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = 1.58
Increase the capacitance and measure the ripple
factor
XSC1

Ext Trig
+
_
A B
+ _ + _
D1

1N4007
V1
50Vpk
20Hz C1 R1
0° 15µF 2kΩ

WAVEFORM-3
OBSERVATION-3:

1. AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= 35.3V

2. DC output voltage VDC = 2(49.1)/3.14=31.2V
3. DC current: IDC =49.1/2k=24.2mA
4. AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: 49.1V
5. Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = 1.571
 Observation and discussion
Capacitor input filter is basically a halfwave rectifier
circuit. It has a single diode and a load in parallel with the
capacitor. The capacitor plays its role effectively to remove the
ripple and to create a smooth pulsating DC to some extent. It
continuously charges with forward cycle and discharges with
reverse cycle, as a result, negative cycle paper as discharging
cycle.