18 nov 2021 – lesson 5

In this lesson, we are going to discuss Present Continuous to Talk about Future Plans.

The present continuous expresses an activity that is in progress at the time (is occurring, is happening right now). The
event began in the past, is in progress right now, and will probably continue into the future. Therefore, we can also use
present continuous to talk about future (plans).

Forms: Subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb-ing

Statement: John is sleeping right now.

Question: is John sleeping right now?
Question with 5WH: Where is John sleeping right now?
Negative: John is not/isn’t sleeping right now.

Use 1: To describe an activity in progress at the moment of speaking

Examples:

 Everyone is waiting for you, so hurry up.

 The phone is ringing but there is no answer.
 They are sleeping right now.
 They’re now showing a film called Bandit Country.

Use 2: To talk about a temporary situation, happening around now but not necessarily at the moment of speaking

Examples:

 We are doing a special offer this week for holiday season.

 We are trying to make savings.
 Look, she’s getting out of that black limousine.

Use 3: To refer to planned events (this one is what makes it different from simple future tense using “will”. We use
present continuous if the plan has already been arranged before it is going to happen) for the future

Examples:

 They are opening a new restaurant next month.

 I’m going on a training course soon.
 She is preparing food for dinner tonight.

More examples :

 John is sleeping right now.

 I need an umbrella because it is raining.
 The students are sitting at their desks right now.
 I am taking five courses this semester.
 John is trying to improve his work habits. I , we , they , u – have
 Susan is writing another book this year.
He , she , it – has – pake s (thinks)
25 nov – in on at

1. We agreed to meet up again __IN__ the afternoon.

2. We can take the final decision __IN__ September, 2020.
3. We can make the final preparations __IN___ the autumn.
4. We can move __AT__ Christmas.
5. The last time they wanted to relocate was __IN__ 1987.
6. The best time would be __ON__ June, 21st.
7. A meeting __ON__ Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday would be
OK.
8. Don’t forget that the train leaves __AT__10.30 every day.
9. They like to go away __ON/AT__ weekends.
10. I always throw a party __ON__ my birthday.

2 des 2021 – lesson 6

The comparative is used to compare between two things and formed with either –er or more and than.
Examples: Bob is taller than Roy – Sally is more beautiful than her sister.

The superlative is used to compare more than two things and formed with the, either –est or most, and sometimes in,
of, or, a that clause
Examples: Bob is the tallest man in the class – Sally is the most beautiful of all women here– The spider over there is the
largest one that I’ve ever seen – The fastest runner wins the race (no, in, of, or that).

9 des 2021 – giving advice

Email business
1. Salutation
Dear Sirs (if the letter is addressed generally to an organization, not a specific person)
Dear Sir or Madam (if the recipient is unknown) 5. Closing
Dear Mr. Albert Jones/Dear Mr. Jones Please let me know if you need further
Dear Ann information.
Hi / Hello Matt I look forward to receiving your reply.
2. Introduction A prompt reply would be appreciated.
My name is Jane Smith. Your name was given to me by Mr. Julian Hammer. Best wishes to your big family.
I am writing with regard to the bazaar that will be held next month. See you soon.
I would like to respond to your latest email about your complaint towards our product.
I am sorry I have not written to you for ages.
Thanks for your e-mail.
3. Details
Sender’s intention
It should be brief, simple, and organized to ensure the recipient understands the content of the e-mail.
4. Conclusion
Please send me your latest catalog with the list of price. 6. Sign Offs
Please contact us as soon as you get the confirmation. Yours faithfully
It would be a great honor for us if you are able to attend this event. Yours sincerely
Could you send me the last month’s financial report? Hugs and kisses
Call me when the decision is made. Love

16 des 2021 – lesson 7

Past Simple Tense

Form: 
(+)  Subject + Verb 2 
(-)   Subject + did + not + Verb 1  
(?)  Did + Subject + Verb 1? 

He,she,it – was
I,we,they,u – were

USE 1: Completed Action in the Past

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the
speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

I saw a movie yesterday.

Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?

USE 2: A Series of Completed Actions

We use the simple past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met
the others at 10:00.

USE 3: Duration in the Past

The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often
indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
I lived in Brazil for two years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.

USE 4: Habits in the Past

The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
They never went to school, they always skipped class.

23 des 2021 – lesson 8

Modals verb

Countable and uncoutable

Countable nouns are the names of separate items which can be counted. They can normally be used with the indefinite
article a / an and in the plural with numbers, many, few, some, any.
Examples:
• Did you buy a newspaper (SINGULAR) today? I bought two newspapers (PLURAL), 'The Mirror' and 'The Sun'
• Have we got any oranges (PLURAL) in the house? We've got some apples (PLURAL) but we don't have a single
orange (SINGULAR)
Uncountable nouns are the names of materials or collections of other things which in English we regard as masses (too
general) and not as separate items.
Examples:

• Is there much accommodation for students in this part of town? There is some on the other side of the river, but
there's very little around here, I'm afraid.
Note that we need
to use much/little
with uncountable
nouns, many/few
with countable
nouns and we use
some/any with
both countable and
uncountable nouns.

Invitations
Accepting refusing