Electronics

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Pulse Circuit

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 Content

1. Square signal generator

1.1. Astable Multivibrator
1.2. Monostable Multivibrator
1.3. Bistable Multivibrator

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Square signal generator

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 Multivibrator

• A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple

devices such as relaxation oscillators, timers and flip-flops.
• There are three types of multivibrator :
 Astable multivibrator : in astable multivibrator, the circuit is not stable in
either state. It continually switches from one state to the other. It functions
as a relaxation oscillator.
 Monostable multivibrator : In Monostable multivibrator , one of state is
stable, but the other state is unstable. A trigger pulse causes the circuit to
enter the unstable state. After entering the unstable state, the circuit will
return to the stable state after a set time.
 Bistable multivibrator : In Bistable multivibrator , the circuit is stable in either
state. It can be flipped from one state to the other by an external trigger pulse

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 Astable Multivibrator

• Astable Multivibrator using BJT :

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 Multivibrator

• Q1 is driven to saturation mode (ON) • Q2 is driven to saturation mode (ON)

• Q2 is driven to cut-off mode (Off) • Q1 is driven to cut-off mode (Off)
• VC(Q1) = 0.2 V • VC(Q2) = 0.2 V
• VC(Q2) = VCC • VC(Q1) = VCC

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 Astable Multivibrator

• Astable Multivibrator using an op-amp :

The operation is based on the charging and discharging of a capacitor
Op-amps works as a comparator

 When VC reachs Vf , op-amp switches to the maximum negative state.

 When VC reachs -Vf , op-amp switches back to the maximum positive state.
This action continues to repeat, and square wave output voltage is obtained

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 Monostable Multivibrator
• Monostable Multivibrator using BJT : When triggered by an input pulse, a monostable multivibrator will
switch to its unstable position for a period of time, and then return to its stable state.

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 Bistable Multivibrator

• Bistable multivibrator using BJT :

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Thank you for your attention

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