Republic of the Philippines

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

LUBAO CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANG ARCHITECTURE

Department of Civil Engineering

PLATE #2

Familiarization with the different Apparatus or Instrument

and Equipment used in Testing of Materials

NAME:
Cristian H. Yumul

SECTION:
BSCE – 2B

INSTRUCTOR:
Engr. Rosemarie Luciano
APPARATUS/INSTRUMENTS FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION
CYLINDRICAL MOLD The cylinder molds are constructed of plastic or steel. Cylinder molds are
used to create cylinder test specimens. Used to create test sample for
compressive strength of hardened concrete.

SLUMP CONE APPARATUS Used to measure the consistency and workability of fresh concrete, and
indirectly, the water/cement ratio of the concrete mix. The Slump Cone
apparatus for conducting the slump test essentially consists of a metallic
mould in the form of a frustum of a cone

CONICAL MOLD AND This mold and tamper are used to determine bulk and apparent specific
TAMPER gravity and absorption of fine aggregate. The conical mold is made of spun
steel and measures 40 mm top diameter by 90 mm bottom diameter by 75
mm in height. To find out whether the fine aggregates is in saturated surface
dry condition

MOISTURE METER Used to measure moisture content in various fine and coarse-grained
materials. The prongs of the probe are inserted into the material to be
tested and the percentage of moisture content is instantaneously shown on
the easy to read display.

WEIGHING SCALE A weighing scale is a device that is used to determine weight. For
determining the specific gravity of hydraulic cement, dust, sand and other
fine materials.

PENETROMETER A device forced into the soil to measure resistance to vertical penetration A
diagnostic tool to measure the extent and depth of subsurface compaction is
a penetrometer, or soil compaction tester. This tool can help producers
determine if subsoiling might be beneficial and at what depth the subsoiler
should be set.

SOFTENING POINT The Softening Point Apparatus is a ring and ball method apparatus used to
APPARATUS determine the softening point of asphalts, pitches, tars and most resins. The
softening point is the degree of temperature at which a solid substance
starts to convert into a liquid state under certain specific conditions. Testing
the consistency of bituminous material for certain usage such as joint and
crack filling, including its resistance to heat.
SOLUBILITY APPARATUS Long glass tube filter with flask at the bottom. Used in solubility test is to
determine the presence of insoluble materials in bitumen like marble
powder, during transportation from the refinery to the site. These insoluble
materials will affect the heating process of bitumen in the tank, when stored
for a longer duration. As these materials being heavier settles at the bottom
and covers the heating coil. Therefore checking the presence of insoluble
materials is important from the operation as well as cost point of view in the
projects.

SAYBOLT VISCOMETER A device used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. The saybolt viscometer
APPARATUS controls the heat of the fluid and the viscosity is the time is takes the fluid to
fill a 60cc container. The universal viscometer measures the time required
for 60 cc of sample fluid to flow out through an orifice.

DENSITY BUCKET Machined aluminum cylindrical unit weight measures with handles for
determining unit weight of fine, coarse or mixed aggregates. Used to
measure the construction material (cement, sand, stone, aggregates)
volume density, it's widely used in construction material laboratory.

AGGREGATE WASHER Aggregate washers provide washing to aggregate samples to completely

separate all particles. Aggregate washer removes clay, aggregate particles
and water-soluble materials by the decanted wash water.

VICAT APPARATUS Standard Vicat Apparatus has a reversible stainless steel plunger and needle
assembly for 300g total weight. Used for determining the normal
consistency and time of setting of portland cements that consists of a rod
weighing 300 grams, having a needle in each end, and supported in a frame
with a graduated scale to measure the distance to which the needle
penetrates the cement.

BLAINE AIR APPARATUS Blaine Air Permeability Apparatus is used to determine the fineness of
Portland cement, limes and similar powders expressed in terms of
their specific surface. The Blaine works by drawing a definite quantity of air
through of bed of cement exhibiting a definitive porosity value. The number
and size of the pores in a prepared bed of definite porosity is a function of
the size of the particles and determines the rate of airflow through the bed.
GILLMORE APPARATUS Gillmore Apparatus is used to determine the setting time of cement. The
vertical support shaft has a device to maintain the horizontal arms in
alignment. The support assembly is adjustable. The two steel needle weights
are calibrated to meet specifications. The needle points are manufactured
from stainless steel.

GRADUATED CYLINDER A long, slender vessels used for measuring the volumes of liquids. They are
not intended for mixing, stirring, heating, or weighing.

LE CHATELIER FLASK The Le Chatelier Specific Gravity Flask is used for determining the apparent
specific gravity of sand, stone, hydraulic cement and slag screenings. Used to
measure the soundness or robustness of the sample.

FUNNEL A tube with a wide opening at the top, sides that slope inward, and a narrow
opening at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into containers
that have small openings.

COMPACTOR FACTOR TEST The apparatus consists of two conical hoppers having a hinged trap door
APPARATUS attached to the lower end of each hopper, allowing the concrete sample to
flow freely into the cylindrical mould. The hoppers and the mould are
mounted onto a rigid steel frame and are easily removable for cleaning. The
compaction factor test is used for concrete which have low workability for
which slump test is not suitable.

SHOVEL A tool consisting of a wide, square metal or plastic blade, usually with
slightly raised sides, attached to a handle, for moving loose material such as
sand, cement, or gravel.

STRAIGHT EDGE A flat bar made from steel. Used to remove excess material when molding
cube and cylinder specimens. conduction slump cone and air meter tests.

TEST SEIVES Test sieves are woven wire or perforated metal pans that are used for sifting
and filtration. Test sieves are accurately constructed by placing wire cloth
between two suppressed die formed frames. Stainless steel or brass is
generally used in the construction of both the frame and woven wire mesh.
TAMPING ROD This rod is made of steel and rounded at both ends. This is used for
compacting concrete into cube moulds.

THICKNESS GAUGE Used for determining the Flakiness Index of Aggregates. It Consists of a
frame with a sliding panel.

WHEEL BARROW A small usually single-wheeled vehicle that is used for carrying small loads
and is fitted with handles at the rear by which it can be pushed and guided.

THERMOMETER A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature. It can measure

the temperature of a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Has a general use such
as experiment monitoring, instrument calibration, materials testing, and
maintaining a sterile work environment.
EQUIPMENT
LABORATORY OVEN
UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE FOR
COMPRESSION
UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE FOR TENSILE
UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE FOR
FLEXURE
ACCELERATED CURING TANK
VEE-BEE CONSISTOMETER
FUNCTION/DESCRIPTION
A laboratory oven is used for high-volume thermal convection
applications. This laboratory equipment provides uniform
temperature throughout the chamber necessary for
annealing, drying, sterilizing, and other industrial lab
functions.
A compression testing machine is a universal testing machine
(UTM) specially configured to determine a material's strength
and deformation behavior under compressive (pressing) load.
A typical machine for compression tests consists of a load cell,
crosshead(s), compression test tools, electronics, and a drive
system.
A tensile tester, also known as a pull tester or univeral testing
machine (UTM), is an electromechanical test system that
applies a tensile (pull) force to a material to determine
the tensile strength and deformation behavior until break.
Designed to test flexural strength of concrete beams. The
design provide maximum rigidity throughout their working
range. The load is applied by the downward movement of the
piston. A spacer is provided for testing different size of beams.
The curing tanks are designed for curing cube and cylinder
concrete specimens. Maintaining a stable temperature and
preventing loss of moisture from the specimen are provided
in this system. Accelerated Curing Tank having capacity to
accommodate various sizes of concrete cube moulds or
Cement mortar Cube Moulds, with a facility for accelerated
curing by boiling water
The Veebe consistometer measures the remolding ability of
concrete under vibration. Gives an indication of the mobility
and to some extent of the compactibility of freshly mixed
concrete. The test measures the relative effort required to
change a mass of concrete from one definite shape to another
(i.e., from conical to cylindrical) by means of vibration.
VIBRATING TABLE
LOS ANGELES ABRASION TESTING MACHINE
JAW CRUSHER
TORSION TESTING MACHINE
BAR BENDING MACHINE
CORE DRILLING MACHINE
SLAKE DURABILITY APPARATUS
The apparatus consists of a motor fitted with a variable pitch
pulley housed in a cabinet. The vibrations are imparted by
means off-balance masses rotating on a shaft of a vibrator
clamped to the underside of the table top. The table has stops
along its edges to prevent moulds from walking off the table
during vibration. A speed regulation handle is provided for
increasing or decreasing frequency. Proper compaction of
cement concrete while casting specimens for compression
testing is essential to achieve higher compressive strength.
The machine consists of a hollow cylinder mounted
horizontally on a study frame on ball bearings. There is an
opening which can be closed with a dust tight cover to
facilitate charging and discharging the drum with the material
under test. A detachable shelf which extends throughout the
inside length of the drum which catches the abrasive charge
and does not allow it to fall on the cover.. A tray is supplied
for collection of the material at the end of the test.
Jaw Crusher are used for crushing aggregates, core samples or
similar materials in the laboratory when smaller sample sizes
are required for testing.
Testing machines for torsion testing are mainly used in
science, research and teaching, in testing laboratories and in
production control during production. They are used to
determine the torque load of specimens made of different
materials in static tests
Bending machines are usually used for accuracy of bending
angles. The machine is suitable for bending wide varieties of
steel bars, TMT, and reinforcement bars etc. It is capable of
bending the toughest rebars and its application is very
extensive.
Suitable to cut/drill cores of concrete, rocks, stones, tiles or
the similar materials. The machine has sturdy base with pillar
support in which rack and pinion is provided for adjustment in
height and penetration assembly
This test method has been developed to assess the
deterioration of rocks over a period of time when subjected to
water immersion. Slake durability is a simulated weathering
test to determine abrasion resistance during wetting and
drying cycles of shale and similar soft rocks as used in
embankments and other construction-related applications.
FATIQUE TESTING MACHINE
IMPACT TESTING MACHINE
ELECTRONIC SPRINT TENSION MACHINE
PROFILE PROJECTOR
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
ENGLER VISCOMETER
Fatigue testing machines are used to determine the durability
of a material, component or product, and are suitable for
tensile, compression, and alternating load tests. Fatigue tests
are performed to measure the reduction in stiffness and
strength of materials under repeated loading and to
determine the total number of load cycles to failure. Fatigue
tests are performed by repeated tension–tension,
compression– compression, tension-compression or other
combinations of cyclic loading.
Impact testing machines evaluate an object's capacity to
withstand high-rate loading and it is commonly used to
determine the service life of a part or material. An impact
testing machine is used to determine the resistance of a
material or component to a rapid load under varying
temperature conditions.
It is made based on the national spring tensile and
compression tester standards of technical requirement.
Mainly used to tension spring,compression spring,
saucer reed,tower spring,leaf spring,clip spring,flat spring,
composite spring,gas spring, mold spring, deformed spring
and other precision spring tensile, compression, displacement
and rigidity test and analysis.
Profile projectors (optical comparators) are a type of optical
measuring instrument. The measurement principle is similar
to that of optical microscopes. The target is placed on the
stage, and a light is shined on the target from underneath.
This causes the target's profile, or shadow, to be projected on
the screen. The use of profile projectors is widespread in
the inspection and measurement of items such as electronic
components and precision components.
The CBR test is a small scale penetration test in which a
cylindrical plunger of 5 cm in diameter is used. Cross-section is
penetrated into sub-grade material, at the rate of 0.05 in per
minute i.e 1.25 mm/min. Observations are taken between the
penetration resistance i.e. test load versus the penetration of
plunger. Measure of the strength of the subgrade of a road or
other paved area, and of the materials used in its
construction. The ratio is measured using a standardized
penetration test first developed by the California Division of
Highways for highway engineering.
Used to determine the specific viscosity of tars and their
products. It includes a contact thermoregulator and stirring
device. In use, liquid is drawn into the upper bulb by suction,
then allowed to flow down through the capillary into the
lower bulb. Two marks (one above and one below the upper
bulb) indicate a known volume. The time taken for the level of
the liquid to pass between these marks is proportional to the
kinematic viscosity.
PRESSURE AGING VESSEL
SEIVE SHAKER MACHINE
HEAVY DUTY PLATFORM SCALE
DORY ABRASSOIN TESTING MACHINE
CONCRETE IMPERMEABILITY TEST
ROLLING STRAIGHT EDGE
The Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) has been developed to
simulate in-service aging of asphalt binder after 5 to 10 years.
The binder is exposed to high pressure and temperature for
20 or 65 hours (selectable up to 99) to simulate the effect of
long-term oxidative aging. The aging of asphalt binders during
service is affected by ambient temperature and by mixture-
associated variables, such of component proportions in the
mix, aggregate properties and many more.
Sieve shakers are used for separation and size determination
of particles. A typical sieve shaker separates particles by
passing them through a series of chambers with mesh filters
and agitating the sample in order to obtain complete
separation.
Heavy duty platform scales are used to weigh everything from
steel stock and wire drums to bulk recycling. Used to weigh
bulky items such as containers or pallets, or to count a very
high amount of smaller pieces such as screws, bolts or
mechanised parts.
The machine is used to determine the resistance of aggregate
to wear by abrasion. Inadequate abrasion resistance of road-
surfacing aggregates means an early loss of the texture depth
required to maintain high-speed skidding resistance.
Used to determine the depth of penetration of water under
pressure in the concrete specimens. When concrete is
permeable it can cause corrosion in reinforcement in
presence of oxygen, moisture, CO2, SO3- and Cl– etc.
The rolling straight-edge is a piece of equipment used to
measure the surface regularity of roads and similar structures,
such as airport runways. The equipment consists of a long
beam (the straight edge) mounted on wheels with a
measuring wheel at the midpoint.