ORAL COMMUNICATION

IN CONTEXT
1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
2. Shannon-Weaver’s Model of
Communication N

3. Schram’s Model of Communication

4. White’s Model of Communication
Aristotle’s Model of
Communication

N
N
N
 Shannon and Weaver’s Model of
Communication
▪ Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1948)
▪ Gives us the concept “noise”
▪ Often called the Telephone Model N
because of the
experience of having inferred by noise from the
telephone switchboard back in the 1940’s
▪ The Message sent by the Source (Speaker) is not
necessarily the message received by the Destination
(Listener) due to the intervention of noise that
hampers the communication
Schram’s Model of Communication

N
 Schram’s Model of Communication

▪ Wilbur Schram, who is considered as the Father of

Mass Communication
▪ Communication will occur if and
N only if there is an
overlap between the Field of Experience of the Speaker
and the Field of Experience Listener.
▪ Field of Experience – everything that makes a person
unique – everything he/has learned, watched, seen,
heard, read or studied
N
 White’s Model of Communication
▪ Eugene White
▪ Communication is circular and continuous, without
beginning or end.
▪ Although communication beginsN with thinking, it can
actually be observed from any point.
▪ Feedback is the perception by the Speaker about the
Response of the Listener.
▪ The Speaker can only receive Feedback if the Speaker is
monitoring the Listener. The Speaker will know what the
Listener’s Response is only if he/she is paying attention.