Republic of the Philippines

Bato Institute of Science and Technology

Dolho, Bato, Leyte
Mathematics in the Modern World ( Gen.Ed. 4)

Name: ___________________________ Course/Year/Section: _________

Instructor: Shanice O. Ellivera Date: Aug. 15- 20, 2022

MODULE 1
LESSON 1: Nature of Mathematics

INTRODUCTION:
Since the beginning of recorded history, mathematics has been a part of the human search
for understanding. Mathematical discoveries have been at the forefront of every civilized society,
and in use in even the most primitive of cultures. Mathematics is often defined as “a formal
system of thought for recognizing, classifying and exploiting patterns (Stewart 1995)”. It is also
described as “the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement (Horn
2013)”. It is also considered as an art, having an aesthetic and creative side.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading the module, you will be able:
1. explain the nature of mathematics;
2. solve problems on Fibonacci sequences; and
3. cite applications of mathematics in the modern world.

DISCUSSION OF THE TOPIC:

Activity: Watch the Video

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnkLDFpgix4

ANALYSIS:
 Questions to Ponder?
1. What are the different kinds and forms of patterns you have seen in the video?
2. How these patterns help us understand the connection between our world and
mathematics?
ABSTRACTION:
Mathematics is the art of patterns ad connections embedded in nature and in our
environment.
We can use the following concept map in defining Mathematics:

Study of Patterns

Arts Mathematics Language

is a/an…
Set of Problem solving tools Process of thinking
A. Mathematics as a Study of Patterns
Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world and can also
be seen in the universe. In the general sense of the word, patterns are regular, repeated, or
recurring forms or designs. We see pattern every day, from the layout of floor tiles, designs of
skyscrapers, to the way we tie our shoelaces. Studying patterns helps in identifying relationships
and finding logical connections to form generalizations and make predictions.
Example: What Comes Next?

What is the next figure in the pattern below?

Solution: Looking at the given figures, the lines seem to

rotate a 90- degree intervals in a counterclockwise direction, always parallel to one side of the
square. Hence, either A or B could be the answer. Checking the other patterns, the length of the
lines inside the square follow a decreasing trend. So again, either A or B could be the answer.
Checking the other patterns, the length of the lines inside the square follow a decreasing trend.
So again, either A or B could be the answer. Finally, looking at the number of the lines inside the
box, each succeeding figure has the number of lines increase by 1. This means that the next
figure should have five lines inside. This means that the next figure should have five lines inside.
This leads to option A as the correct choice.

Patterns and Regularities

Mathematics is all around us. As we discover more about our environment, we can
mathematically describe nature. The beauty of a flower, the majestic tree, even the rock
formation exhibits natures sense of symmetry. There are examples of microscopic level of nature
such as snowflakes. There are different types of patterns such as symmetry, fractals and spirals.

A. Symmetry
Symmetry is a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of balance or an object is
invariant to any of various transformations (reflection, rotation or scaling). There are two
main types of symmetry: bilateral and radial.
 Bilateral Symmetry- is a symmetry in which the left and right sides of the organism
can be divided into approximately mirror image of each other along the midline.
Example: Insects, animals, plants, flowers and others, even leaves of plants and some
flowers such as orchids.

Tiger Dragonfly Butterfly Leaves

 Radial symmetry (or rotational symmetry)- is a type of symmetry around a fixed point
known as the center and it can be classified as either cyclic or dihedral. Plants often
have radial or rotational symmetry, as to flowers and some groups of animals. A five-
folded symmetry is found in then echinoderms, the group which includes starfish, sea
 urchins, and sea lilies and etc. Radical symmetry is also evident in different kinds of
flowers.

Starfish Flowers Jellyfish

B. Fractals
Fractal is curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the same statistical character
as the whole. Fractal is one of the newest and most exciting branches of mathematics. It
is a class of highly irregular shapes that are related to continents, coastlines, and
snowflakes. It is useful in modeling structures in which similar patterns recur at
progressively smaller scales, and in describing partly random or chaotic phenomena such
as crystal growth, fluid turbulence, and galaxy formation. Fractals can be seen in some
plants, tress, leaves, and
others.

C. Spirals
A logarithmic spiral (or growth spiral) is a self-similar spiral curve which often appears
in nature. It was first described by Rene Descartes and was later investigated by Jacob
Bernoulli. Spirals are more evident in plants. We also see spirals in typhoon, whirlpool,
galaxy, tail of chameleon, and shell among others.

The Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci Sequence
A Fibonacci number is an integer in the infinite sequence 1,1 ,2,3,5,8,13,… of the first
two terms are 1 and 1 and each succeeding term is the sum of the two immediately preceding.
The numbers are named after Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano.
The initially studied using the growing population of rabbits by Fibonacci:
Another example of Fibonacci Sequence:

FIBONACCI NUMBERS

F 1=1 , F 2=1 ,∧F n=F n−1+ F n−2 , for n ≥ 3 , where n is a positiveinteger

The Golden Ratio

The golden mean is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the
longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the
longer part is often symbolized using phi (φ), after the 21st letter of the Greek Alphabet.
In an equation form, it looks like this:
a a+b
=
b a

Figure 1.: Golden Rectangle

Golden ratio is mostly applied in the different field like example in arts, science, in fashion &
entertainment, business and engineering and others.

Golden Proportion on Human Body Arts

APPLICATION:

APPLICATION:
Direction: Choose only one (1) activity.
1. Look for patterns in nature. Write a 1-2 page report about the observed patterns. Include a
picture of these patterns.
2. Draw your “mathematics” face mask. Use patterns and colors.

EVALUATION:

Direction: Solve the following sequence. Show your solution systematically.

1. Find the next number for the given series 3, 6, 18, 72,___,____,____?

2. Find the next number in the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25,___,____,____?

3. Find the three missing terms in these Fibonacci sequence: 2 , 2, 4, 6, 10, ___, ___, ____.

4. Find the three missing terms in these Fibonacci sequence: 7 , 1, 8, 9, ___, ___, ____.

5. Find the three missing terms in these Fibonacci sequence: 4 , 5, 9, 14, ___, ___, ____.

References:

Winston S. Sirug. Ph.D.; “Mathematics in the Modern World CHED CURRICULUM

COMPLIANT”; Copy right 2018; Mind Shapers Co., INC.

Mary Joy J. Rodriquez, MAED, Ivy Gay O. Salcvador, MAME, Feljone G. Ragma, Ed.D., Elma
M. Torres, MM, Edwina M. Manalang, Ed.D., Nora A. Orendina Ed.D., Ph.D., and Justine Ian
N. Ogoy. BSED, “Mathematics in the Modern World” Philippine Copyright 2018, Nieme
Publishing House Co. LTD.
https://joelreyesnoche.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/mmwcoddccas2.pdf