Unit 49

49.1 1 In conclusion, the tests suggest the drug has no dangerous side effects.
2 To summarise, losing the war was a humiliating defeat for the country on a number of different
levels.
3 In summary / In sum, it is impossible to blame the disaster on one person alone.
4 From the survey we can draw the conclusion / come to the conclusion that advertising has a
stronger effect on teenage girls than on other groups of the population.
5 To recapitulate, there were a number of different reasons why the experiment was less successful
than had been hoped.
49.2 1 balance 5 analysis
2 abstract 6 words
3 put, eventually/ultimately 7 main / key
4 provide 8 a close / an end

49.3 1 at last 3 Lastly

2 lastly 4 at last
49.4 In the end means ‘finally, after something has been thought about or discussed a lot’. At the end is
usually followed by ‘of (something)’, and refers to the final point of a thing, time or place, e.g. at the
end of the film, at the end of the month, at the end of the street.
49.5 The art of writing a précis is to remember, first and foremost, not to include anything that was not
in the original text. Stated briefly, it is your job to attempt to capture the original writer’s ideas
concisely, to provide a summary and, in the final analysis, to give your reader a shortcut to the
original text.

Unit 50
50.1 1 present 4 on, of
2 call, make/give 5 discuss/address
3 welcome
50.2 1 We need to consider family income too, but I’ll come back to that later.
2 So, moving on, I’ll skip item 4 on the handout and instead talk about number 5 in more detail.
3 I’ll try to finish by 3.30, but feel free to leave if you have a class or other appointment to go to.
4 There is a handout going round and I have some extra/spare copies too if anyone wants them.
5 I’ll finish there as my time has run out.
6 We didn’t want to make people uncomfortable by having a camera in the room. Having said that,
we did want to video as many of the sessions as possible.
7 I’d like to go back to a point I made earlier about river management.
8 So, I believe our experiments have been successful. That’s all I have to say. Thank you.
9 Going back to/To go back to/Getting back to the problem of class sizes, I’d like to look at a study
done in Australia in 2002.
10 I’ll try not to go over time, so I’ll speak for 30 minutes, to leave time for questions at the end.
50.3 1 on 5 by
2 with, to 6 for
3 to 7 in
4 to 8 on, out
50.4 Possible answers
Dr Fonseca will now take questions.
Our study draws heavily on earlier work done in this university.
I want to raise another issue at this point.
I’d just like to make a comment, if I may.
I will begin by giving an overview of the topic.
This is the first time I’ve given/made a presentation so I’m a bit nervous.
As the slide shows, more men than women support the policy.

158 Academic Vocabulary in Use