Capalonga College Inc

Alayao, Capalonga, Camarines Norte

Enrichment Class
English Reviewer

The Four Cueing Systems

1. GRAPHOPHONIC CUES - pertains to the sounds of the language
2. TEXTUAL CUES - pertains to formation of words
3. SEMANTIC CUES - pertains to meaning derivation
4. SYNTACTIC CUES - grammar, structure, and form of the language

Three Modes of Listening

1. COMPETETIVE - if the listener cannot respond to the things he heard
2. ACTIVE LISTENING - if the listening process is reciprocal
3. PASSIVE OR ATTENTIVE - if the listening process is reflexive

Purposes of Reading
1. SKIMMING - reading to get the main idea
2. SCANNING - reading to get specific information

Parts of Speech
1. NOUN - names a person, things, events, etc.
a) PROPER NOUN - names of specific persons, things or places
b) SINGULAR NOUN - refer to any one of a class of persons, places, or
things
c) COUNTABLE NOUN - can be counted and quantified by numbers
d) UNCOUNTABLE NOUN - can’t be counted and quantified using
measurements
e) COLLECTIVE NOUN - name a group of persons or things
 f) COMPOUND NOUN - made up of two words acting as a single unit
2. PRONOUN - words that stand for nouns
a) PERSONAL PRONOUN - refer to the person speaking, the person
spoken to, or the person or thing spoken about.
b) POSSESSIVE PRONOUN - pronouns that show possession
c) REFLEXIVE PRONOUN - examples are myself, ourselves
d) INDEFINITE PRONOUN - do not refer to a specific noun; ex: any, both,
none, all
e) INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - used in asking questions; ex: to whom,
which, where
f) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN - used in pointing nouns; ex: this, these,
that, those
3. ADJECTIVE - qualifies and tells something about a noun or a pronoun
through descriptions.
4. VERB - action words
5. ADVERB - modify verbs, adjectives, or another adverb
6. PREPOSITION - links words within a sentence. It also states how two
separate things are related.
7. CONJUNCTION - relate or join words into single unit
a) COORDINATING CONJUNCTION - connect words or groups of words;
ex: but, and, for
b) CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION - connect words under the same
grammatical structure, but they always appear in pairs; ex: either…or,
neither…nor
c) SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION - connects two complete ideas to
make one dependent to the other; ex: whenever, unless
8. INTERJECTION - words that express strong feelings or emotions. Ex: ouch!

Tenses
PRESENT TENSE - express habitual or factual actions
Ex: HE SINGS
PAST TENSE - express actions that happened in the past
Ex:HE SANG YESTERDAY
FUTURE TENSE - express actions that will happen in the future
Ex: HE WILL SING
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE - express actions that are happening at
the moment
Ex:HE IS SINGING
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE - expresses a continuing action that started
and ended in the past.
Ex: HE WAS SINGING YESTERDAY
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE - expresses a continuing action that will
happen in the future
Ex: HE WILL BE SINGING IN THE VOICE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE - expresses an action that started in the past,
but is still happening at present
Ex: I HAVE SUNG A SONG
PAST PERFECT TENSE - expresses two past actions, in which one
happened before the other
Ex: HE HAD SUNG BEFORE HE DANCED
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE - expresses two future actions, in which one
will happen before the other
Ex: HE WILL HAVE SUNG BEFORE SHE DANCES
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE - expresses an action that started in
the past and still happening when the second one transpired
Ex: HE HAS BEEN SINGING SINCE MORNING
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE - expresses two future action, where
the first future action is still happening when the second one transpires
Ex:HE WILL HAVE SINGING BEFORE THE CEREMONY START

Four Kinds of Sentences according to Function

1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCES - states an idea and express facts and
opinion
2. INTERROGATIVE SENTNCES - used in asking questions
3. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES - used in asking someone to do
something
4. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES - used to express the strong feeling or
emotion

Four Kinds of Sentences according to Structure

1. SIMPLE SENTENCE - composed of one independent clause
2. COMPOUND SENTENCE - composed of two or more independent
clauses
3. COMPLEX SENTENCE- composed of one independent clause and
two or more dependent clauses
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE - composed of two or more
independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses

Literature
SHORT STORY - a relatively brief prose fictional composition based on a
single main incident which is designed to produce a single dominant
impression
NOVEL - a prose fictional work of considerable length that deals with a
series of complications involving characters in a particular setting
DRAMA - a composition in prose or verse designed for stage performance
through mime and dialogue
ALLERGORY - a symbolic fictional account conveying meaning beyond the
literal

Figurative Language
1. SYNECHDOCHE - the face who launched a thousand ships
2. SIMILE - she is like a flower
3. METAPHOR - the sun is looking down on me
4. OXYMORON - loud silence
5. METONYMY - toothpaste is sometimes called colgate
6. METAPHOR - you are the sunshine of my life
7. IRONY - no smoking sign during a cigarette break
8. HYPERBOLE - cry me a river
9. EUPHEMISM - love child
10. ELLIPSIS - she walked away and so the world turns
11. ASYNDETON - no retreat, no surrender
12. APOSTROPHE- love, please come and take me