Data Analysis

By: Rejoice Mzumara

What is Data Analysis?

● Data Analysis in literary terms means an inspection or

analysis of information portrayed.
● Data Analysis is also defined as a process of
transforming and modelling data.
What is a data model?

● A Data Model allows you to integrate data from

multiple tables, effectively building a relational data
source inside an Excel workbook.
● For data analysis, the data model that we use is
called a spreadsheet model.
What is a spreadsheet?

● A spreadsheet is an electronic document in which data is

arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be
manipulated and used in calculations
● There are 3 contents of a spreadsheet: numbers, text (label),
formulas.
 Formulas and Functions

We are all familiar with formulas and functions but i doubt most of us
know the difference.

● a formula is a user-defined ● function is a built-in

calculation. calculation
● For example, ● An example of a function,
=A2+B2+C2+D2 is a =SUM(A2:D2)
formula
You can also create indices ‘powers’ by using (^)
=B7^C7
 Excel’s “Cheat Code”, The syntax

You usually see these when you’re typing in a formula or function. They are
guidelines to help one remember what is needed when using a function for it to
work/be correct. If you want to pass you need to understand how to use a
function and understand the syntax.
Functions
There are many kinds of functions:

● Mathematical functions eg ( =sum)

● Logical functions eg (=IF)
● Statistical functions eg ( =MAX)
● Text functions
● Lookup and Reference functions
● Date and Time functions
● Financial functions
● Dynamic array functions
Mathematical Functions Statistical Functions Logical Functions

1. SUM: adds two or more 1. AVERAGE: callculates the 1. IF: takes a condition
numbers together average number from a range
2. SUMIF: adds all the values in a
and and takes the
of numbers alternate action
range that meet a certain
2. MAX: Finds the maximum depending on the
criteria
value in a range
3. ROUND: rounds number to a result
certain decimal place 3. MIN: finds the minimum
4. ROUNDUP: rounds number up value in a range
to a certain number of digits 4. COUNT:counts all cells that
5. ROUNDDOWN: rounds number contain numbers
down to a certain number of 5. COUNTA: counts all non
digits empty cells in a range
NB: most of those functions have the same format/ syntax

= FUNCTION NAME (RANGE)

Except for the ‘complex’ ones like SUMIF, COUNTIF, ROUND,IF

NB: SUMIF and COUNTIF both have absolute references to their ranges
MOVE TO EXCEL TO EXPLAIN NESTED FUNCTIONS AND FORMATTING
THE END!
Merci beaucoup!