Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ECOTOUR24-2S-2021-2022

College: Forestry, Environment and Resources Management

Campus: Bayombong

DEGREE PROGRAM BSECO COURSE NO. ECOTOUR 24

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Tour Guiding and Escorting

YEAR LEVEL 3 TIME FRAME 3 hrs WK NO. 1 IM NO. 4

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Unit II. Tourism Concepts

II. LESSON TITLE

Lesson 4. Travel Motivators

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

Unit II provides the context for learning Local Guiding Services by laying the foundation for
understanding tourism concepts. In particular, the unit provides lessons on the definition of tourism,
travel motivators, forms of tourism, tourist behaviors, and impacts of tourism. It presents views on why
people travel, and how their trips bring about change in themselves and the communities.
This unit also outlines the characteristics of tourists, the places they visit, and the activities they
do, thereby offering a precursor to the fund and challenges that come with tourism career.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. Define tourism;
b. Differentiate tourism from other forms of travel;
c. Explain people’s motivations for travelling;
d. Define tourist attractions and identify tourist attractions in the Philippines;
e. Characterize tourists who visit the Philippines; and
f. Distinguish the benefits of tourism from its undesirable effects

V. LESSON CONTENT

Lesson 4. Travel Motivators

A History of Travel

Prehistoric humans traveled for survival, often in search of food. When the last Ice Age ended
about 10,000 B.C., fertile soil appeared beneath the ice. Humans began to raise platns and animals-
shifting from hunting-gathering to agriculture. As time went by, agricultural technologies began to
improve and there came a point when more food was produced than the farmers could consume. The
excess food freed some people from farm work and provided them with time to do other things, such as
specializing in other work, craft, or hobby. Moreover the improvements in transportation allowed trade,
manufacturing, education, and politics to prosper (Casson 1994).

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ECOTOUR24-2S-2021-2022

Many researchers tried to analyze people’s reasons for traveling. In the preceding paragraph, it
was mentioned that one of the reasons for traveling is food. Modern day examples of this travel
motivation include: (a) tourists going to Japan to try certain dishes like fugu, or blowfish, a poisonous
fish; and (b) Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) going abroad to provide food for their family back
home. The first example tells us of a motivator that is found in the destination, Japan. The other
example tells us of a motivator that is found at home, or at the place of origin of the traveler. In the first
example, the destination is specific to Japan, one of the few places where skilled chefs can prepare
fugu to provide unique gastronomic experience. However, in the second one, the destination could be
anywhere provided it could satisfy the motivation, which is to provide food for the family back home.

Pull and Push Factors

Dann (Catibog-Sinha, 2012) proposed that a tourist’s travel motivations could be divided into
two types, just like examples “a” and “b” above. They refer to them as the “push and pull” travel
motivators. A push factor is a reason “at home” , like a boredom, desire to travel with loved ones,
and/or personal desire to fulfill a fantasy. A pull factor is a reason “out there” or what could be found in
the destination. In other words, a push factor is internal to the person, while a pull factor is external to
the person, such as an attribute of a destination.

Table 4. Push and Pull Travel Motivators

Push (Reasons at home) Pull (Reasons out there)
Examples: Examples:
 Rest and relaxation  A tourist attraction, such as Ifugao Rice
 To travel with loved ones Terraces
 To fulfill a dream  A festival
When tourists travel to a destination, they are motivated by one factor or a combination of factors. It is
important for destination managers to understand travel motivators in order to satisfy the tourists. For
instance, imagine how disappointed tourists would be they went to Japan to try the blowfish but were
unable to do so. Tourists wanting rest and relaxation would also be disappointed if they were dragged
into a hectic tour program.

By understanding travel motivators, tourism professionals can adjust products and promotions to satify
tourists’ needs. Tourists’ needs include:

 Attractions- interesting places to visit;

 Accommodation – a place where a tourist can rest, spend the night, and have a meal;
 Access – a convenient way to get to a tourist destination, move around, and go back to the tourist’s
place of origin;
 Amenities – other things that make the stay convenient and enjoyable, such as ease fo communication,
health, safety, and security; and
 Amount – cost of the trip that fits the tourist’s budget

These factors influence travel decisions

II. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)

III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Answer the question in your own words.

Cite specific tourist attractions, accommodation facilities, and means of transportation in your locality (3
points)

Tourist Attraction
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 3
“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this
material may be reproduced for educational purposes only
and not for commercial distribution”
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: ECOTOUR24-2S-2021-2022

Accommodation
Facilities
Transportation

Note: Please upload, submit, or turn in your work to our Google classroom.

IV. ASSIGNMENT

Read the following case study and classify the factors affecting the traveler’s decision into push or pull
factors. (5points)

Case Study: John’s Vacation

After working hard on a project, John has decided that he needs a vacation and some fresh air. He
starts preparing his travel plans. He is choosing between going to Tagaytay or Baguio. The climate is
cool in both cities and there is plenty of information about them on the internet. The hotel cost and
amenities in both cities are reasonable. However, Tagaytay is closer to where John lives. If he going to
drive, it will be more expensive and time-consuming to go to Baguio. He therefore decided to go to
Tagaytay.

Factors:
a. Need for vacation and fresh air
b. Cool climate
c. Cost
d. Amenities
e. Distance

Push (Reasons at home) Pull (Reason out there)

V. REFERENCE/S

Angeles, Marie V. (2021). Global Culture and Tourism Geography. Sta. Cruz Manila

Romero, E. (2016). Local Guiding Services. Rex Bookstore, Nicanor Reyes, C.M. Recto Avenue,
Manila Philippines

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 3

“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this
material may be reproduced for educational purposes only
and not for commercial distribution”