8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Rational Algebraic Expressions
(Illustrating, Simplifying,
Perform Operations, and
Problem Solving)
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Rational Algebraic Expression (Illustrating, Simplifying,
Operating, and Problem Solving)
First Edition, 2020

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 8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Rational Algebraic Expression
(Illustrating, Simplifying,
Perform Operations, and
Problem Solving)
(M8AL-Ic-1) (M8AL-Ic-2) (M8AL-1c-d-1) (M8AL-1d-2)

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iii
 Let Us Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It will help
you understand better on how to illustrate, simplify, perform the operations
and solve problems on rational algebraic expressions. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
lessons are done to follow the standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate Rational Algebraic Expression (M8AL-Ic-1)
2. simplify Rational Algebraic Expression (M8AL-Ic-2)
3. perform operations on Rational Algebraic Expression (M8AL-1c-d-1);
4. solve problems involving Rational Algebraic Expression (M8AL-1d-2)

Let Us Try

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following items and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
4
1. What is the simplest form of 12
?
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
3 9 4 2
9
2. Simply 81
to its lowest form.
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
3 9 4 2
2 1
3. What is the sum of and ?
3 6
6 3 5 5
A. B. C. D.
5 5 4 6
5
4. What is the correct illustration of the fraction ?
6

A. B. C. D.

5
5. What is the correct illustration of the fraction ?
7

A. B. C. D.

1
 3 1
6. What is the difference of − ?
4 2
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
4 7 3 2
1 3
7. What is subtracted from ?
4 2
3 1 5 2
A. B. C. D. 4
4 4 4
2
8. Find the product of 3 and ?
7
5 3 1 6
A. B. C. D.
7 7 7 7

9. What is the quotient of 1 and 7?

2 1
A. 7 B. C. D. 1
7 7

10. Which of the following is not acceptable?

101 1435 0 2
A. 101
B. 1
C. 2678
D. 0

Let Us Study
In this module, you will learn about Illustrating, Simplifying,
Performing the Operations, and Problem Solving about Rational Algebraic
Expressions.

Rational Algebraic Expression is a quotient of two polynomials provided that the

denominator is not equal to zero. It is just like a fraction, but with polynomials.

Examples:

3𝑥+1 2𝑥 𝑥−1
𝑥−1 5𝑦 𝑥+7

4𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
𝑥(𝑥−1) 𝑥+2

2
Identify whether the following are rational expression or not.

𝟑𝒙−𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟏
1. Is a rational expression or not?
𝟑𝒙+𝟏

Answer:
No, because the numerator is not a polynomial.
The variable must not have negative exponent.

𝟏
𝟓𝒙𝟐 +𝟕𝒙+𝟐
2. Is a rational expression or not?
𝟒𝒙+𝒚

Answer:
No, because the numerator is not a polynomial.
The variable must not have a fractional exponent.

𝟏
𝟒𝒙𝟐 +√𝟗𝒙+𝟓
3. Is a rational expression or not?
𝟑𝒙+𝟐𝒚

Answer:
No, because the numerator is not a polynomial.
The variable must not have radicand or part of the denominator.

𝟕𝒙𝟐 +𝟖
4. Is a rational expression or not?
𝟐𝒙−𝟐𝒙

Answer:
No, because the denominator is equal to zero.
Based in the general rule of rational expression, the denominator
should not be equal to zero.

Restriction in a Rational Algebraic Expression

1. The variable must not have negative exponent.
2. The variable must not have a fractional exponent.
3. The variable must not be radicand.
4. The denominator should not be equal to zero.

Domain of the Rational Algebraic Expressions

Domain is the set of all possible values of the variables. Always remember
that any rational algebraic expression cannot have a denominator of zero
because it will make the expression “undefined”. Therefore, we need to pay

3
 attention to what values of the variable(s) in the which expression would
make the denominator equal zero. These values cannot be included in the
domain, so they're called excluded values.

Excluded values are values that will make the denominator equal zero and
making the rational expression undefined.

Examples to find the zeros of the denominator and then restrict these values:
𝑥+8
a.
𝑥−9

Solution:

x–9=0 - zero product property

x=9 - solve for x
Answer: The domain is all real numbers except for 9. Our variable x cannot be
equal to 9 because when you substitute 9 to the denominator x -9 it will make
the denominator equal to zero.

4𝑥+7
b.
2𝑥−1

Solution:
2x – 1 = 0
2x = 1 - add 1 from both side
1
x = - divide both sides by 2
2
1
Since makes the denominator to zero, we must exclude this from the
2
domain.
𝟏
Answer: The domain is all real numbers except for .
𝟐

𝑥+5
c.
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4

Solution:

𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0 - equate the denominator by zero and solve the

equation.

(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 - solve the equation by factoring.

𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = −𝟒 The solutions are the values that are excluded from the domain.

4
Answer: The domain is all real numbers except for 1 and -4.

In Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expression is very similar to simplifying

fractions.

Reminder
Rule in Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expressions
𝒂𝒓 𝒂
If a, b, and r are real numbers where b ≠ 0 and r ≠ 0 then, =
𝒃𝒓 𝒃

Here are the steps in simplifying rational algebraic expressions:

STEP 1. Factor both the numerator and denominator of the fraction. Use
various factoring techniques to factor each expression.
STEP 2. Reduce the fraction. To reduce the fraction, cancel out the expressions
in the numerator and denominator that are exactly the same.
STEP 3. Rewrite any remaining expressions in the numerator and denominator.

Simplify each rational algebraic expressions:

3𝑎2
1.
21𝑎

3 𝑎 ·𝑎
= Factor the numerator and denominator.
3 ·7 𝑎

3 𝑎 ·𝑎
= Cancel out the common factors 3 and a in the
3 ·7 𝑎

numerator and denominator.

Note: Cancellation denotes dividing the common

factor resulting to a quotient of 1.

𝒂
= Write the simplified form.
𝟕

3𝑥 2 +9𝑥
2.
12𝑥 3

3𝑥(𝑥+3)
= Factor the numerator and denominator.
4· 3 𝑥 ·𝑥 ·𝑥

3· 𝑥 (𝑥+3)
= Cancel out the common factors in the
3 · 4 𝑥 ·𝑥 2
numerator and denominator.
𝒙+𝟑
= Write the simplified form.
𝟒𝒙𝟐

5
 𝑎+3
3.
𝑎2 +4𝑎+3

1· (𝑎+3)
= Factor the numerator and the denominator.
(𝑎+1)(𝑎+3)

1· (𝑎+3)
= Cancel out the common factors in the
(𝑎+1)(𝑎+3)
numerator and denominator.

𝟏
= Write the simplified form.
𝒂+𝟏

𝑥 2 −2𝑥−15
4.
𝑥 2 −𝑥−12

(𝑥−5)(𝑥+3)
= Factor the numerator and the denominator
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+3)

(𝑥−5)(𝑥+3)
= Cancel out the common factors.
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+3)

(𝒙−𝟓)
= Write the simplified form.
(𝒙−𝟒)

Since rational algebraic expressions are just fractions with variables, we will
start by reviewing the operations on fractions. Then we will move on to performing
the same operations on rational algebraic expressions.
We will start with addition and subtraction of similar fractions which means
fractions with the same denominators. If the fractions already have the same
denominators, you just add the numerators and copy the denominator. If the
fractions do not have the same denominator, you have to find the least common
denominator (LCD) and solve for the equivalent fractions before we add or subtract.

ADDING SIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂+𝒄 Steps!
+ = • Copy the common denominator
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 • Add the numerators
• Simplify if needed

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Example #1.
• Apply the rule in adding rational
4 3 4+3 7 algebraic expressions
+ = = • Copy the common denominator
5𝑦 5𝑦 5𝑦 5𝑦
• Add the numerators
• Simplify the resulting expression

Example #2.
5 15 5 + 15 20 10 ∙ 2 2
+ = = = =
10𝑥 10𝑥 10𝑥 10𝑥 10 ∙ 𝑥 𝑥

Example #3.
𝑥 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 + 4 (2)(𝑥 + 2)
+ = = = =2
𝑥+2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2 𝑥+2

SUBTRACTING SIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

• Apply the rule in Subtracting

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂−𝒄 Similar Rational Algebraic
− = Expressions
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 • Copy the common denominator
• Subtract the numerators
• Simply if needed

Example #4.
12 9 12 − 9 3
− = =
4𝑚 4𝑚 4𝑚 4𝑚

Example #5.
4𝑝 + 5 2𝑝 + 3 (4𝑝 + 5) − (2𝑝 + 3) 4𝑝 + 5 − 2𝑝 − 3 2𝑝 + 2 2(𝑝 + 1)
− = = = = =2
𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1

• Apply the rule for subtracting rational algebraic expressions

• Copy the common denominator
• Subtract the numerators
• In this case distribute the negative sign to 2p+3 using distributive property
• Factor out the numerator
• Cancel the common factors in both numerator and denominator in this case p+1

Earlier you encountered the rule in adding and subtracting similar rational
algebraic expressions. But what if you will add or subtract rational algebraic
expressions, with dissimilar denominators?

7
 ADDING DISSIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Before you can add fractions with different denominators, you must first find the
equivalent fractions. Equivalent fractions are fractions which are equivalent to the
given fractions but have the same denominators.
1. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both denominators.
2. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the LCD as the
denominator.
3. Proceed to adding the equivalent fractions.
4. Simplify.
Example #6.
𝟑 𝟏
+
𝟒 𝟖
Step 1: Find the LCD of the denominators by factoring each denominator using
prime factorization. Then align the common factors just like what is illustrated below.
4 = 2 ∙2
8 = 2∙ 2 ∙2

LCD= 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 8

Step 2. Solve for the equivalent fraction of each of the given fractions. Divide the
𝟑
LCD 8 to the denominator of the quotient is 2 then multiply 2 with the numerator
𝟒
𝟑 𝟔
which is 3 the product is 6. So, the equivalent fraction of is . Next, solve for the
𝟒 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
equivalent fraction of . Divide the LCD 8 to the denominator of the quotient is 1
𝟖 𝟖
then multiply 1 to the numerator which 1 the product is 1. Thus, the equivalent
𝟏 𝟏
fraction of is .
𝟖 𝟖
Equivalent fractions:
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
= ; =
𝟒 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

Step 3. Add the equivalent fractions.

6 1 7
+ =
8 8 8

8
Example #7.
5 3
+
4𝑎𝑏 10𝑏𝑐
Step 1. Find the LCD of the two fractions by factoring each denominator using prime
factorization. Align the common factors just like what is illustrated below.
4ab = 2∙ 2 ∙ 𝑎∙ 𝑏

10bc= 2∙ 5∙ 𝑏∙𝑐
LCD = 2∙ 2 ∙ 5 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑐 = 20 abc

Step 2. Solve for the equivalent fraction of each of the given fractions. Divide the
𝟓
LCD 20 abc to the denominator of the quotient is 5c then multiply 5c with the
𝟒𝒂𝒃
𝟓 𝟐𝟓𝒄
numerator which is 5 the product is 25c. So, the equivalent fraction of is
𝟒𝒂𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝟑
. Next, solve for the equivalent fraction of . Divide the LCD 20 abc to the
𝟏𝟎𝒃𝒄
𝟑
denominator of the quotient is 2a then multiply 2a to the numerator which is
𝟏𝟎𝒃𝒄
𝟑 𝟔𝒂
3 the product is 6a. Thus, the equivalent fraction of is .
𝟏𝟎𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝟎𝒂𝒃𝒄
Equivalent fractions:
𝟓 𝟐𝟓𝒄 𝟑 𝟔𝒂
= ; =
𝟒𝒂𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟏𝟎𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝟎𝒂𝒃𝒄

Step 3. Add the equivalent fractions.

25𝑐 6𝑎 6𝑎+25𝑐
+ =
20𝑎𝑏𝑐 20𝑎𝑏𝑐 20𝑎𝑏𝑐

SUBTRACTING DISSIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Before you can subtract fractions with different denominators, you must first find
the equivalent fractions.
1. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of the fractions you are
subtracting.
2. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the LCD as the
denominator.
3. Subtract the equivalent fractions.
4. Simplify.

9
Example #8.
2 7
−
3 12
Step 1. Find the LCD of the two fractions by factoring the denominators using prime
factorization. Align the common factors just like what is illustrated below.
12 = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 2
3 = 3______
LCD = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 = 12

Step 2: Solve for the equivalent fractions of each of the given fractions. Divide the
𝟐
LCD 12 to the denominator of the quotient is 4 then multiply 4 with the numerator
𝟑
𝟐 𝟖
which is 2 the product is 8. So, the equivalent fraction of is . Next, solve for
𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟕 𝟕
the equivalent fraction of . Divide the LCD 12 to the denominator of the
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
quotient is 1 then multiply 1 to the numerator which is 7 the product is 7. Thus,
𝟕 𝟕
the equivalent fraction of is .
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
Equivalent fractions:
𝟐 𝟖 𝟕 𝟕
= ; =
𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

Step 3. Subtract the equivalent fractions.

8 7 1
− =
12 12 12

2𝑦 3𝑥
Example #9. −
5𝑥 2 4𝑥𝑦
Step 1. Find the LCD of the two fractions by factoring the denominators using prime
factorization. Align the common factors just like what is illustrated below.

5𝑥 2 = 5 ∙ 𝑥∙𝑥
4xy = 2∙2∙ 𝑥∙ 𝑦

LCD = 5 ∙ 2 ∙2 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 = 20𝑥 2 𝑦

10
Step 2. Solve for the equivalent fraction of each of the given fractions. Divide the
𝟐𝒚
LCD 20𝑥 2 𝑦 to the denominator of the quotient is 4y then multiply 4y with the
5𝑥 2
𝟐𝒚 𝟖𝒚𝟐
numerator which is 2y the product is 8𝑦 . So, the equivalent fraction of
2
is
5𝑥 2 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 𝒚
𝟑𝒙
. Next, solve for the equivalent fraction of . Divide the LCD 20𝑥 2 𝑦 to the
𝟒𝒙𝒚
𝟑𝒙
denominator of the quotient is 5x then multiply 5x to the numerator which is
𝟒𝒙𝒚
𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐
3x the product is 15𝑥 2 . Thus, the equivalent fraction of is .
𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 𝒚
Equivalent fractions:

2𝑦 8𝑦 2 3𝑥 15𝑥 2
= ; =
5 𝑥2 20𝑥 2 𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 20𝑥 2 𝑦

Step 3. Subtract the equivalent fractions.

8𝑦 2 15𝑥 2 8𝑦 2 −15𝑥 2
− =
20𝑥 2 𝑦 20𝑥 2 𝑦 20𝑥 2 𝑦

MULTIPLYING RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

When working with multiplication problems, just multiply the numerators and
denominators of the factors separately.
Steps
• Multiply the numerators
𝒂 𝒄 𝒂∙𝒄 • Multiply the denominators
∙ = • Factor out both numerator and denominator
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃∙𝒅 • Simplify to its lowest term

Example #10.
2𝑡 15 2𝑡 ∙ 15 30𝑡 10 ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑡 3
• 2= = = =
5 8𝑡 5 ∙ 8𝑡 2 40𝑡 2 10 ∙ 4 ∙ 𝑡 ∙ 𝑡 4𝑡

Example #11. • Multiply the numerators.

• Multiply the denominators.
3𝑥 4𝑥 12𝑥 2 (2𝑥)(6 𝑥) 6𝑥 • Factor the numerator and
2
• = 2
= = denominator.
𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 (2 𝑥) (𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 + 2
• Cancel out the common factor on
both numerator and denominator in
this example it is 2x.
• Simplify

11
 DIVIDING RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
To divide two Rational Algebraic Expressions, first copy the dividend, next find the
reciprocal of the divisor and then proceed to multiplication.

Steps
𝒂 𝒄 #7 𝒂 𝒅 𝒂 ∙ 𝒅
Example • First copy the dividend.
÷ = ∙ = • Next get the reciprocal of the divisor
𝒃 𝒅 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃∙𝒄 • Proceed to multiplication.
• Simplify

Example #12

7𝑏 21𝑏 3 7𝑏 10 70𝑏 (35)(2)𝑏 2

÷ = • = = =
5 10 5 21𝑏3 105𝑏 3 (35)(3𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 ) 3𝑏 2

Example #13

4𝑥 2 16𝑥 3 4𝑥 2 21 𝑦 3 84𝑥 2 𝑦 3 7 ∙ 12 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 7
÷ = ∙ = = =
3𝑦 3 21 𝑦 3 3𝑦 3 16𝑥 3 48𝑥 3 𝑦 3 4 ∙ 12 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 4𝑥

• Copy the dividend.

• Next get the reciprocal of the divisor.
• Proceed to the rules of multiplication
• Simplify

Problem Solving Involving Rational Algebraic Expression

Solving word problems is not that easy, it takes time and practice in order to
master solving word problems involving Rational Algebraic Expressions. There are
many strategies and tips on how to solve word problems. To help us solve problems
involving Rational Algebraic Expressions, we need to master the fundamental
operations of Rational Algebraic Expressions.
Below are tips and example problems on solving word problems involving
Rational Algebraic Expressions.
Tips of solving word problems
1st Stay calm, take a deep breath then exhale, and clear your thoughts. Always
remember that in every problem there is a solution. Practice will help you improve
your problem-solving skills.
2nd Read the whole text first nice and slowly. Much better read it again. Until you
can picture out the problem.

12
3rd If possible, make an illustration of the problem. Just like connecting the dots or
small details.
4th Assign letters to the unknown and always pay attention to the given in the
problem, especially what has been asked.
5th Try which concepts and fundamentals in Math can be used.
6th If things go wrong or you did not end up with the correct answer, you may
check it backwards or go back to 1st step until you get the correct solution to the
problem.
Steps in solving word problems:
Step 1. Read and try to analyze the problem.
Step 2. Make a representation.
Step 3. Make an illustration.
Step 4. Come up with the equation.
Step 5. Solve the problem.

Example Problems
Example1.
Ezekiel can paint a room in 3 hours, and her sister Daleen can paint the same
room in 4 hours. How long would it take them to paint the room if they would do it
together?

Step 1. Read and analyze the problem thoroughly.

Step 2. Make a representation.
Let x be the total work hours of Ezekiel and Daleen
1
Ezekiel can do of the job per hour.
3
1
Daleen can do of the job per hour.
4
1
They will take job altogether per hour.
𝑥
Step 3. Make an illustration.
Time Rate

Ezekiel 3 hr 1
3
Daleen 4 hr 1
4
Together X 1
𝑥

13
Step 4. Write the equation.

1 1 1
+ =𝑥
3 4
Step 5. Solution:
The LCD of 3 and 4 is 12. Divide the LCD 12 to the denominator 3, the
quotient is 4 then multiply to the numerator 1 the product is 4. So the equivalent
fraction of
1
3
is
4
12
. Next is divide LCD 12 to the denominator 4, the quotient is 3
then multiply it to the numerator 1 so the product is 3. So the equivalent fraction
of
1
4
is
3
12
.
4 3 1
+ =
12 12 𝑥
7 1
=
12 𝑥
12
Do the cross multiplication (7)(x) and (1)(12) so the value of x is
7
Step 6. State the answer
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
It will take 𝟕
𝒐𝒓 𝟏 𝟕 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 for Ezekiel and Daleen to finish the job together.

Example 2.
41
If a number is added to its reciprocal, the sum is .
20
I. Representation:
1
Let n = be the number. Hence, its reciprocal is .
𝑛
II. Equation:
1 41
n+ =
𝑛 20
III. Solution:
1 41
n+ = Find the LCD of n and 20. The LCD is 20n.
𝑛 20

1 41
20𝑛 (𝑛 + 𝑛 ) = 20𝑛 (20 ) Multiple the LCD on both sides of the equation.

20𝑛2 +20 = 41n Distributive Property

20𝑛2 - 41n + 20 = 0 Factor the General Quadratic Trinomial

14
(4n-5)(5n-4)=0 Equate the factors to zero
4n – 5 = 0 5n – 4 = 0
5 4
n= or n=
4 5

5 4 4
Answer : If the number is , its reciprocal is . If the number is , its reciprocal
4 5 5
5
is .
4

Let Us Practice
Now, it’s your turn to apply the concepts you have learned on the Rational Algebraic
Expressions.
A. Identify which of the following expressions are rational expressions and which
are not. State your reason/s.

Expressions Rational Reason/s

Expression
(YES or NO)
8
3𝑦

10a + 7b

1
3𝑎 + 4𝑦

3𝑥
1
2𝑥 2 + 5

16𝑥 2 + 5
3𝑎 − 3𝑎

B. Directions: Match column A with the correct simplified form in Column B. Write
only the letter of the correct answer.
Column A Column B
2𝑥−4 1
_______ 1. A.
2 x+1
4𝑥+𝑥
_______ 2. B. 8x
7𝑥

15
 𝑥−1 3
_______3. 2 C.
𝑥 −1 𝑥
64𝑥
_______4. D. x-2
8
27𝑥 5
_______5. E.
9𝑥 2 7

Let Us Practice More

Read and analyze the problem. Solve the problem and show your solution.

6
The length of the base of the of the triangle in terms of x is and the height of the
𝑥
4
triangle is 𝑥. What is the area of triangle in terms of x?
4
𝑥

6
𝑥

Let Us Remember

Rational Algebraic Expression is a quotient of two algebraic expressions

𝑃
provided that the denominator is not equal to zero. It can be represented as 𝑄 where
P and Q are both polynomials and Q ≠ 0. Always remember that dividing any number
or expressions by zero is “undefined”.

Domain is the set of all possible values of the variables. The domain of a rational
expression includes all real numbers except for those that make its denominator
equal to zero.

The General Rule of Rational Algebraic Expressions

1. The denominator should not be equal to zero.

2. The variable must not have negative, zero and fractional exponents.
3. The variable must not be part of the radicand.

The steps in simplifying rational expressions:

STEP 1. Factor both the numerator and denominator of the fraction. Use various
Factoring Techniques to factor each expression.

16
STEP 2. Cancel out expressions in the numerator and denominator that are the
same.
STEP 3. Rewrite any remaining expressions in the numerator and denominator.

Operations on Rational Algebraic Expression

• Rational Algebraic Expression are just like Rational Numbers.

• In Adding/Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expressions with similar
denominators simply copy the common denominator then add/subtract the
numerators. Then simplify.
• In Adding/Subtracting Rational Algebraic Expressions with dissimilar
denominators simply find the Least Common Denominator (LCD). Next, is
solve for the equivalent fractions. Since they are already similar fractions then
you can proceed with rule in adding/subtracting similar rational algebraic
expressions. Then simplify.
• In Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expressions, just multiply the numerators
and denominators separately and then simplify to its lowest term.
• In Dividing Rational Algebraic Expression, first copy the dividend next, get the
reciprocal of the divisor then proceed to the rule in multiplying Rational
Algebraic expressions.
.
Steps in solving worded problems:

• Step 1. Read and try to analyze the problem.

• Step 2. Make a representation.
• Step 3. Make an illustration.
• Step 4. Come up with the equation.
• Step 5. Solve the problem.
•

Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following items and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is not acceptable?
101 1435 0 2
A. 101
B. 1
C. 2678
D. 0

2. Which of the following statement is not true.

A. In Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expression, just multiply the numerators
separately and then simplify to its lowest term.
B. Rational Algebraic Expressions are like Rational Numbers.
C. A rational algebraic expression is a ratio of two polynomials where the
denominator is not equal to zero.

17
 D. All expressions are Rational Algebraic Expressions.
3. Which of the following statement is true.
A. In Multiplying Rational Algebraic Expression, just multiply the numerators
only then simplify to its lowest term.
B. Rational Algebraic Expression is not similar to using a Rational Numbers.
C. Any kind of word problems can be modeled using rational algebraic
expressions.
D. A rational algebraic expression is not a ratio of two polynomials where the
denominator is not equal to zero.
4. Which of the following is Rational Algebraic Expression.
2 + √𝑦 2−𝑢 𝑥+1
D.
3𝑥
A. B. 1 C. 0
𝑦 2+ 𝑥+2
𝑢

5. Which of the following is not a Rational Algebraic Expression.

𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 + 4
A. B. C. D.
𝑥+2 −2 + 2 −𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 + 2

4𝑎 + 8 𝑎+5
6. Multiply and .
𝑎2 − 25 5𝑎 + 10

5 𝑎−5 4 𝑎−4
A. B. C. D.
5𝑎 − 25 𝑎+5 5𝑎 + 25 𝑎+5

𝑦 𝑦
7. Divide: ÷ .
𝑦+3 𝑦+5

𝑦+5 𝑦−5 𝑦+3 𝑦−3

A. B. C. D.
𝑦+3 𝑦+5 𝑦−3 𝑦+5

1 2
8. Subtract from .
𝑚+2 𝑚+2

1 −1 2 −2
A. B. C. D.
𝑚+2 𝑚+2 𝑚+2 𝑚+2

12 4
9. Add to .
𝑥 2
12 − 𝑥 𝑥 − 12 12 + 2𝑥 12 + 𝑥
A. B. C. D.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2

𝑥+1 𝑥+1
10. What is the difference between and .
2 4

𝑥+1 𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝑥−1

A. B. C. D.
2 2 4 4

18
 4𝑢2 𝑣
11. What is the simplest form of ?
12𝑣 2 𝑢
𝑢 3𝑢 𝑣 𝑢
A. B. C. D.
3𝑣 𝑣 3𝑢 3𝑣
3𝑎3 𝑏2 𝑐
12. Simplify to its lowest form.
21𝑐 3 𝑏2 𝑎
𝑎3 𝑏2 𝑐 7𝑎3 𝑏2 𝑐 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑏
A. B. C. D.
7𝑐 3 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏2 𝑎 7𝑐 2 7𝑐 2
10 6
13. The area of a rectangular rug is m2. If the width of the rug is meter, what
3𝑥 5𝑥
is the length of the rug?
25 9 2
A. 𝑚 B. 𝑚 C. 4 m D. 𝑚
9 25 9
14. Jose wants a new carpet for his living room. His rectangular living room has a
2 2
dimension of m by m. How big should be the carpet that he needs to buy
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
to cover his entire living room?
2 2 4 4
A. B. C. D.
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2

𝑥−2 𝑥+2
15. Perform the indicated operation: + .
3 2

5x − 2 x+5 5x + 2 x+1
A. B. C. D.
6 6 6 6

Let Us Enhance

Read and answer the given problem.

8
Jay has rectangular brownies. The length of each brownie is cm and the width is
4𝑥
36
cm. Find the area of each brownies.
12𝑥

19
 Let Us Reflect

Solve the given word problem. Give what is being asked.

2 4
A restaurant has a rectangular patio section that is meters wide and
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
meters long. They want to put a fence to enclose the patio.

a. How much fence will they need to close patio?

b. What is the area of the rectangular patio?

20
 21
Let Us Reflect
12 8
A. meters B. square meters
𝑋+1 𝑋 2 +2𝑋+1
Let Us Enhance
𝟔
Answer: square cm.
𝒙𝟐
Let Us Assess
1. D 6. A 11. A
2. D 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. A 13. A
4. D 9. C 14. D
5. B 10. C 15. C
Let’s Us Practice More
𝟏𝟐
Answer: square units
𝒙𝟐
Let’s Us Practice
A B
1) Yes, Definition of RAE 1) D
2) Yes, Definition of RAE 2) E
3) Yes, Definition of RAE 3) A
4)No, Denominator is not polynomial 4) B
5)No, Denominator is equal to zero 5) C
Let Us Try
1. A 6. A
2. B 7. C
3. D 8. D
4. B 9. C
5. B 10. D
Answer Key
 References

Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden L., Cabrella, Jem Boy B., et. Al., 2013.
Mathematics Grade 8 Learner’s Module. Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City, Philippines. Book Media Press, Inc. & Printwell, Inc.

“Inequalities in Two Triangles,” Static Big Ideas Math, accessed in January

15,2021,https://static.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/pe/hs/section
s/geo_pe_06_06.pdf

22
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