2022 Technical Meeting on Best Practices in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Mar.17, 2022

JunGyu Yi, J.Han, DY Choi

2022 IAEA TM BNCT

(*see the talk by Dr. YS Bae on Mar.14)
1.5x108
Ion Source
RFQ
Drift Tube Linac 1.2x108

Neutron flux [n/cm2/s]

9.0x107
Beam Transfer Line BSA
(Be target inside)
proton 10 MeV MgF2 6.0x107
Be

3.0x107 Epi-thermal
(0.5 eV < En < 10 keV)
0.0
10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101
Neutron Energy [MeV]

Ep : 10 MeV (@end of DTL)

Iavg : 2 mA (@target, max. 4mA)

for Φepi = 1.03 109 n/cm2 s

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 2

• SERA TPS for BNCT[2]

• ‘seraMC’ : Multi group Monte-Carlo code for neutron and gamma transport
• seraMC.sigma : cross section library based on ENDF/B V & VI
• seraMC.mat : Material library
• 18 elements (H, O, Al, Li, C, N, B, Na, S, Ca, Mg, Cl, K, P, Pb, F, Cd, Bi)
• 51 of mixtures w/ density (ICRU-64 for human organ)
• xxxx.source : Radiation source file w/,
• neutron : 94 Egroup - group1(> 9.12 keV), group2(0.414 eV ~ 9.12 keV), thermal (<0.4 eV)
• gamma : 86 Egroup

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 3

 OS : 32bit CentOS on VMware
terminal $> sera

Limitations - python, C++

- DICOM under 256x256 - source file for A-BNCT
- large voxel size - update *.mat, *.sigma
- long computing time - higher memory usage
- complicate.. to use - use of DICOM format
- old language : motif (UI), fortran77 - faster computing speed

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 4

 User interface converting Dose calculation engine
module
RT
CT
structure D2S
(DICOM) xs lib.
(DICOM) (ENDF/B V, VI & VII)

ROI setup
Material library
segmentation value seraMC+plus (seraMC.mat) +add
𝒕′ 𝑬′

𝑫𝒊 = න න 𝑲 𝑬 𝝓 𝑬, 𝒕 𝒅𝑬𝒅𝒕
𝒕 𝑬

source term
Dose map RT Dose (mybnct.source) * mod.
S2D
, DVH (DICOM)

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 • Surface radiation source <Adjusted spectrum>
10-4
MCNP
• neutron, gamma spectrum & angular distribution SearaMC

10-5

• To meet MCNP result, 10-6

E*dΦ/dE
• < 3% for B-10, N-14, gamma dose 10-7

• < 5% for H dose in phantom 10-8

(1) adjusted 10-9

10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
Neutron Energy [MeV]
water phantom
1.2x10-7
MCNP
<gamma dose in water phantom> SeraMC
1.0x10-7

8.0x10-8

Φ/bin
6.0x10-8

adjusted 4.0x10-8

(2)
2.0x10-8
Snyder phantom
0.0
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102
Photon Energy [MeV]

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• DICOM use
• D2S : DICOM (RT structure)-to-sera UV voxel
• S2D : sera tally voxel to DICOM (RT dose)

dose calculation

dose calculation
D2S S2D

256 x 256 120 x 120 x 120

120 x 120 x 120

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• CPU parallel multi-thread via OpenMP

Nhists = 20M (Nbatch 1K x batch size 20k )

no significant diff.
increase N cores in dose for cores

• Enlarge Batch size (the number of neutron histories to run in each batch)

no significant diff.
increase ‘Batch size’ in dose for batch size

• Faster random number generator : MT19937

• [ref.] T. Nishimura, “Tables of 64-bit Mersenne Twisters”, ACM Transactions on Modeling and
Computer Simulation 10. (2000) 348-357.
jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 8
 PMMA tank • MCNP 6.2
− neutron flux (F4 tally)
− gamma dose
Water
beam port
: F4 tally x KERMA factors
dia.φ120
Entrance window: 3.05
mm Thick • Phantom tank
280
- material : PMMA
300 - 30 x 30 x 30 (outer), 1 mm
thick
- 3.05mm thick entrance
seraMC CG window

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 9

<Measurement set-up> *see talk by Dr.S.Jeon on Mar.14 < Comparison 4-dose components >
<thermal neutron distribution>

Source Uncertainty
198
Au(n, γ)198Au cross section 0.20%
Gamma(411 keV) emission rate 0.06%
Detector efficiency calibration 0.53%
Bare wire 0.48 ~ 0.79 %
Counting statistics
Cd covered wire 0.56 ~ 1.13 %
Bare wire 0.10%
Wire mass
Cd covered wire 0.10%
Combined (k=1) 1.04 ~ 1.7 %
Combined (k=2) 2.08 ~ 3.4 %

<gamma & fast-neutron>

Epi-Fast neutron
Gamma dose
Source dose
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Calibration 1.40% 1.40%
Measurement 2.37% 2.60%
Neutron sensitivity of T.E chamber 6.00% 1.00%
Neutron sensitivity of Graphite chamber 4.00% 3.00%
Thermal neutron response of T.E chamber 13.00% 1.00%
Thermal neutron response of Graphite chamber 3.00% 2.00%
jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com Combind (k=1) 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS
15.42% 4.87% 10
Combind (k=2) 30.84% 9.74%
 (before integration seraMC w/ UI)

Digimouse[3] < Step by Step flow>

https://neuroimage.usc.edu/neuro/Digimouse

Matrix size: 380 x 992 x 208

Voxel size: 0.1mm x 0.1mm x 0.1mm

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 11

(before integration seraMC w/ UI)
<set-up diagram> <D2S converting> < S2D - CG of LiF shielding block in seraMC>

(UV structure visualization)

<isoDose map & DVH on TPS UI >

<S2D – RT dose DICOM for shielded mouse >

mice silhouette!

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 CBE, RBE
ROI type list ROI segmentation
w/ ICRU-46 materials

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 • DM-BTPS employ a improved/modified ‘seraMC’ for dose engine.
- Improvements: Calculation speed, Memory usage, user friendly GUI
- Modification: DICOM handling, Optimized beam source for A-BNCT

• The computational accuracy is validated by

- benchmark test with MCNP6.2
- measurements of thermal neutron & gamma dose distribution in water phantom.

• Tested in pre-clinical study

- Dose evaluation, step-by-step

• Preparing for Clinical trial

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 14
• [ref. 1 SERA] D. Nigg, C. Wemple, D. Wessol, F. Wheeler, C. Albright, M. Cohen, M.
Frandsen, G. Harkin, M. Rossmeier, SERA – an advanced treatment planning system
for neutron therapy and BNCT, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 80 (1999).]
• [ref. 2 TABLE] Kumada H, Takada K. Treatment planning system and patient
positioning for boron neutron capture therapy. Ther Radiol Oncol.2018;2:50–50.
• [ref.3 DIGIMOUSE] B. Dogdas, D. Stout, A. Chatziioannou, RM Leahy, Digimouse:
A 3D Whole Body Mouse Atlas from CT and Cryosection Data, Phys. Med. Bio, 52:
577-587, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0031-9155%2F52%2F3%2F003

Thank you for your time!

jungyu.yi@dawonmedax.com 2022 TM BNCT | DM-BTPS 15

 ICRU_report_46_1992_PhotonElectronProton_and_Neutron_Interaction_Data_for_Body_Tissues
AppendixA.BODY TISSUE COMPOSITION
Medium Elementalcomposition(percentagebymass)
no. Tissue H C N O Others p(kg x m^-3) n(m-3x10^26)
Na Mg P S CI K Ca Fe I
Adipose tissue
1 Newborn#1 11.1 20.5 0.9 67.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1000 3340
2 Newborn#2 11.1 29.7 0.9 58 0.1 0.1 0.1 990 3310
3 Newborn#3 11.2 39 0.9 48.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 980 3280
4 Infant(2days-10months)#1 11.1 31 1.1 56.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 990 3310
5 Infant(2days-10months)#2 11.2 39.2 0.9 48.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 970 3240
6 Infant(2days-10months)#3 11.4 47.3 0.6 40.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 960 3210
7 Child(1-18years)#1 11.2 34.7 0.8 53 0.1 0.1 0.1 980 3280
8 Child(1-18years)#2 11.3 44.5 0.6 43.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 960 3210
9 Child(1-18years)#3 11.5 54.3 0.5 33.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 950 3180
10 Adult#1 11.2 51.7 1.3 35.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 970 3240
11 Adult#2 11.4 59.8 0.7 27.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 950 3180
12 Adult#3 11.6 68.1 0.2 19.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 930 3120
13 Lipoma 10.9 71.9 3 13.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 980 3270
Average soft tissue
14 AdultICRU-33(ICRU,1980) 10.1 11.1 2.6 76.2 1000 3310
15 AdultICRU-44(male)
16 (ICRU,1989) 10.5 25.6 2.7 60.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 1030 3420
17 AdultICRU-44(female)
18 (ICRU,1989) 10.6 31.5 2.4 54.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 1020 3390
Blood (whole)
19 Fetus(20weeks) 10.5 7.3 2.2 79.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 1040 3450
20 Newborn 10 13.1 4 72 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 1070 3550
21 Adult 10.2 11 3.3 74.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 1060 3510
22 Bonemineral-hydroxyapatite 0.2 41.4 18.5 39.9 3225 9670
Brain (whole)
23 Fetus(14weeks) 10.9 3.3 0.7 84.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 1020 3400
24 Newborn 10.8 5.5 1.1 81.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 1030 3430
25 Child(18months) 10.7 9.1 1.6 77.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 1030 3430
26 Adult 10.7 14.5 2.2 71.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 1040 3460

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