BUDGET OF WORKS

SAN FRANCISCO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

EARTH SCIENCE
RUTH B. MIASCO
SST - II
 GRADE 7 - SCIENCE

Most Essential No. of

Learning Days
Quarter Learning Competencies
Competencies Taught
(MELC)
Quarter 1
1 Describe the components of a scientific investigation. 6
Recognize that substances are classified into elements and
2 10
compounds
Distinguish mixtures from substances based on a set of
3 7
properties
4 Investigate properties of unsaturated or saturated solutions. 5
Express concentrations of solutions quantitatively by preparing
5 different concentrations of mixtures according to uses and 5
availability of materials.
Quarter 2
6 Identify parts of the microscope and their functions. 3
7 Focus specimens using the compound microscope. 3
Describe the different levels of biological organization from cell
8 4
to biosphere.
Differentiate plant and animal cells according to presence or
9 4
absence of certain organelles.
Explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and
10 3
functional unit of all organisms.
11 Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of:
1. number of individuals involved 5
2. similarities of offspring to parents
12 Differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem. 5
Describe the different ecological relationships found in an
13 3
ecosystem.
14 Predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors on the ecosystem. 3
Quarter 3
Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance or
15 displacement, speed or velocity, and acceleration. 8

Create and interpret visual representation of the motion of

16 2
objects such as tape charts and motion graphs.
17 Infer that waves carry energy. 3
Describe the characteristics of sound using the concepts of
18 3
wavelength, velocity, and amplitude.
Explain color and intensity of light in terms of its wave
19 3
characteristics
20 Infer the conditions necessary for heat transfer to occur 5

21 Describe the different types of charging processes. 3

Quarter 4
22 Demonstrate how places on Earth may be located using a 4
coordinate system.
 23 Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s resources sustainably 6
24 Discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the 5
atmosphere.
25 Account for the occurrence of land and sea breezes, monsoons, 3
and inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ).
26 Using models, relate: 1. the tilt of the Earth to the length of 2
daytime; 2. the length of daytime to the amount of energy
received; 3. the position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of
the Sun in the sky; 4. the height of the Sun in the sky to the
amount of energy received; 5. the latitude of an area to the
amount of energy the area receives
27 Explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur using models 1

GRADE 8 - SCIENCE

Most Essential No. of Days

Learning Taught
Quarter Learning Competencies
Competencies
(MELC)
Quarter 1
Investigate the relationship between the amount of force
1 applied and the mass of the object to the amount of 3
change in the object’s motion.
Infer that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal
2 4
amount of force is exerted back on it.
Relate the laws of motion to bodies in uniform circular
3 3
motion.
4 Describe how work is related to power and energy. 2
Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and
5 2
kinetic energy.
6 Investigate the effect of temperature to speed of sound. 2
Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy of
7 2
visible light.
Differentiate between heat and temperature at the
8 3
molecular level
9 Infer the relationship between current and voltage. 2
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and
10 2
parallel connections in homes.
Explain the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing,
11 3
double insulation, and other safety devices in the home.
Quarter 2
Using models or illustrations, explain
12 5
how movements along faults generate earthquakes.
13 Differentiate the: 7
1. epicenter of an earthquake from its focus;
2. intensity of an earthquake from its
magnitude;
 3. active and inactive faults.
Explain how earthquake waves provide information
14 4
about the interior of the earth.
Explain how typhoon develops and how it is affected by
15 3
landmasses and bodies of water.
Trace the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine
16 Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a map and tracking 5
data;
17 Compare and contrast comets, meteors, and asteroids 4
Quarter 3
Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases
18 10
based on the particle nature of matter
Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement
19 6
and motion of atoms and molecules.
Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and
20 13
electrons in a particular atom.
Use the periodic table to predict the chemical behavior
21 7
of an element.

Quarter 4
Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and
22 5
excretion.
Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell
23 5
division cycle.
Explain the significance of meiosis in maintaining the
24 2
chromosome number.
Predict phenotypic expressions of traits following
25 5
simple patterns of inheritance.
26 Explain the concept of a species 2
Classify organisms using hierarchical taxonomic
27 4
system.
Explain the advantage of high biodiversity in
28 3
maintaining the stability of an ecosystem.
Describe the transfer of energy through the trophic
29 3
levels.
Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of
30 3
materials
31 Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem. 3
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the
32 2
environment

GRADE 9 - SCIENCE

Quarter Most Essential Learning Competencies No. of Days

Learning Taught
Competencies
 (MELC)
Quarter 1
Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems
1 work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other 10
molecules to and from the different parts of the body.
2 Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of 5
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Explain the different patterns of Non-Mendelian
3 10
inheritance
Relate species extinction to the failure of populations of
4 3
organisms to adapt to abrupt changes in the environment.
Differentiate basic features and importance of
5 10
photosynthesis and respiration.
Quarter 2
Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom
6 4
describes the energies and positions of the electrons
Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or
covalent) based on their properties such as melting point,
7 6
hardness, polarity, and electrical and thermal
conductivity.
8 Explain how ions are formed. 4
Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the
9 5
type of bonds it forms
Recognize the general classes and uses of organic
10 4
compounds.
11 Use the mole concept to express mass of substances. 4
Determine the percentage composition of a compound
12 5
given its chemical formula and vice versa.

Quarter 3
Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic
13 5
eruption.
14 Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. 6
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for
15 5
human use.
Explain how different factors affect the climate of an
16 5
area.
Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a
17 3
global level.
Show which constellations may be observed at different
18 2
times of the year using models.
Quarter 4
Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a
19 6
projectile;
Investigate the relationship between the angle of release
20 1
and the height and range of the projectile;
21 Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects 2
 (e.g., vehicular collision);
Infer that the total momentum before and after collision
22 4
is equal;
Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of
23 3
mechanical energy;
Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do
24 3
work;
Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted,
25 3
and distributed. release of heat.
26 Explain how heat transfer and energy 5

GRADE 10 - SCIENCE

Most Essential No. of Days

Quarter Learning Competencies Learning Competencies Taught
(MELC)
Quarter 1
1 Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, 6
earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate
Tectonic Theory;
2 Describe the different types of plate boundaries. 5
Explain the different processes that occur along the plate
3 8
boundaries.
4 Describe the possible causes of plate movement. 7
Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate
5 8
movement.
Quarter 2
Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of
6 6
electromagnetic waves.
6 7 Cite examples of practical applications of the
7 different regions of EM waves, such as the use of radio 4
waves in telecommunications.
Explain the effects of EM radiation on living things and
8 5
the environment.
Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type,
9 and magnification) of images formed by plane and 6
curved mirrors and lenses.
Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and
10 lenses determine their use in optical instruments (e.g., 5
cameras and binoculars.
Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and
11 7
generator.

Quarter 3
 Explain the role of hormones involved in the female
12 6
and male reproductive systems.
Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in
13 regulating processes in the female reproductive system 6
(e.g., menstrual cycle).
Describe how the nervous system coordinates and
14 regulates these feedback mechanisms to maintain 5
homeostasis.
Explain how protein is made using information from
15 7
DNA.
Explain how mutations may cause changes in the
16 3
structure and function of a protein.
Explain how fossil records, comparative anatomy, and
17 2
genetic information provide evidence for evolution.
18 Explain the occurrence of evolution. 3
Explain how species diversity increases the probability
19 of adaptation and survival of organisms in changing 3
environments.
Explain the relationship between population growth and
20 2
carrying capacity.
Quarter 4
Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of a
gas;
21 2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of a 12
gas;
3. explains these relationships using the kinetic
molecular theory.
Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as
22 8
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Apply the principles of conservation of mass to
23 8
chemical reactions.
Explain how the factors affecting rates of chemical
24 reactions are applied in food preservation and materials 12
production, control of fire, pollution, and corrosion.

Grade 11/12 Earth and Life Science

 Most Essential No. of
Learning Days
Quarter Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
Competencies Taught
(MELC)
1
1 Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in
the solar system with properties necessary to support life.
4
2 Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across
whose boundaries matter and energy flow.
3 Identify common rock-forming minerals using their
physical and chemical properties. 4
4 Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
5 Explain how the products of weathering are carried away
by erosion and deposited eleswhere
4

6 Describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from.

7 Describe how magma is formed (magmatism)
8 Describe the physical and chemical changes in mineral 4
components and texture of rocks due to changes in pressure
and temperature (metamorphism)
9 Compare and contrast the formation of the different types 4
of igneous rocks
10 Explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation 4
of folds and faults
11 Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed
12 Describe the different methods (relative and absolute
dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks 4
13 Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to
determine the subdivisions of geologic time
14 Describe how the Earth’s history can be interpreted from
the geologic time scale
4
15 Describe the various hazards that may happen in the event
of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
16 Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought
about by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
17 Identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides
18 Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards brought 4
about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo
19 Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion,
submersion, and saltwater intrusion
20 Cite ways to prevent or mitigate the impact of land
development, waste disposal and construction of 4
structures on control coastal processes
2
1 Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging 4
pieces of evidence
2 Describe how unifying themes (e.g., structure and
function, evolution, and ecosystems) in the study of life
4
show the connections among living things and how they
interact with each other and with their environment
 3 Describe the different ways of how representative animals
reproduce 4
4 Describe the process of genetic engineering
5 Evaluate the benefits and risks of using GMOs 4
6 Describe the general and unique characteristics of the
different organ systems in representative animals
4
7 Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the
different organ systems in ensuring animal survival
8 Explain how populations of organisms have changed and
continue to change over time showing patterns of descent
4
with modification from common ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed today
9 Describe how the present system of classification of
4
organisms is based on evolutionary relationships
10 Categorize the different biotic potential and environmental
resistance (e.g., diseases, availability of food, and 4
predators) that affect population explosion

Grade 11/12 Earth Science

Most Essential No. of
Learning Days
Quarter Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
Competencies Taught
(MELC)
1
1 Describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to 4
support life
2 Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across
whose boundaries matter and energy flow
4
3 Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical
and chemical properties
4 Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic 4
5 Identify the minerals important to society
6 Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed 4
for human use
7 Describe how fossil fuels are formed 4
8 Explain how heat from inside the Earth (geothermal) and
from flowing water (hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of
energy for human use 4

9 Identify the various water resources on Earth

10 Explain how different activities affect the quality and 4
 availability of water for human use
11 Identify human activities, such as farming, construction of
structures, and waste disposal, that affect the quality and
quantity of soil
12 Give ways of conserving and protecting the soil for future
generations
13 Describe how people generate different types of waste (solid,
liquid, and gaseous) as they make use of various materials
and resources in everyday life 4
14 Explain how different types of waste affect people’s health
and the environment
2
1 Describe how rocks undergo weathering 4
2 Explain why the Earth’s interior is hot 4
3 Describe what happens after magma is formed 4
4 Describe the changes in mineral components and texture of 4
rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature
(metamorphism)
5 Describe how rocks behave under different types of stress
such as compression, pulling apart, and shearing 4
6 Describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins
7 Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed
8 Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) 4
of determining the age of stratified rocks
9 Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to
4
determine the subdivisions of geologic time
10 Describe how index fossils (also known as guide fossils) are
used to define and identify subdivisions of the geologic time 4
scale
11 Describe the history of the Earth through geologic time 4