IZZATI SUHAILA

English Post Graduate Study Program,

Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
suhailaizzati8@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study is the result of the analysis of Prabowo’s speech. The description
concerned with the macro structure and microstructure framework element units in
the theory van Dijk. The purposes of this research are to describe the social situation
in a critical discourse analysis study. The main point of information that is conveyed
in the news of Kemenhan.go.id. where Prabowo’s explained Indonesia as a country
with an active free (non-aligned) foreign policy protecting the interests of all
countries and not taking sides. However, Indonesia will defend the country by any
means at its disposal at that time Indonesian society reaped a lot of criticism.
Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Theory van Dijk, Indonesia Society

INTRODUCTION
In the analysis concerned with macro structure and micro structure framework
in the theory van Dijk of the critical discourse analysis studies.
Macro structure is a global meaning of a text that can be resolved through the
topic. Topics are represented in several sentences which represent the main or main
ideas of the discourse. The topic is also given as "semantic macro structure" (van
Dijk, 1985: 69). This macro-structure is translated as semantics because our
compilation talks about topics or themes in the text, we will be dealing with meanings
and references. Microstructure is an effective way to observe the next rhetorical and
persuasive process when someone conveys the order. Certain words perhaps are
chosen to clarify the choice and posture, form political consciousness, etc.
In the analysis show how Prabowo’s speech and explanation below there is a
good or bad reaction judgment by Indonesia society using macro structure and micro
structure elements unit in the theory van Dijk of critical discourse analysis studies.
Therefore, Prabowo know the highest position is ready to be judged by people who
don't like it even though there are good judges and this article can be related to
macrostructure and micro structure from theory van Dijk about Critical Discourse
Analysis.

METHOD OF THE STUDY

Method of research is an important element in every scientific research. It
shows the way how the researcher organizes a research. Method of research consists
of study design, data collection, and data analysis as described below.
1.1 Study Design
This study focuses on qualitative research. Qualitative research is used to
explore and understand people’s belief, experience, attitudes, behavior, and critical
judgments. Bogdan and Biklen(1982) define qualitative data analysis as "working
with data, organizing it, breaking it into manageable units, synthesizing it, searching
for patterns, discovering what is important and what is to be learned, and deciding
what you will tell others" (p. 145). Sheman and Webb (1988) assume that qualitative
research is concerned with meaning as they appear to, or are achieved by persons in
lived social situations.
Moreover, Endraswara (2011) gives the important features of qualitative
research in investigating the literature, such as the researcher is the key of instrument
that reads the literature thrifty, the research is done descriptively which elaborated in
the form of words or pictures than numbers, and the process is more priority than
result, because literature establishes interpretations.
This research uses literary study in which the data were taken from articles,
especially those that contribute to the variables discussed in research. According to
Creswell (2009:3) research design is plans and the procedures for research to detailed
methods of data collection and analysis.
The main data in this research were obtained from the article by Kristian
Erdianto, Kompas.com - 13/07/2019, 10:14 WIB and Some other data were taken
from internet website.
1.2 Data Collection
 In the collection of the data needed, the writer of this research conducted some
steps that can be described through some points below.
1. Collecting the important data related to the subject matter by underlining and
marking them.
2. Making a note of related data.
3. Searching for van Dijk theory related to the subject matter from internet
websites.
1.3 Data Analysis
Data analysis is the review process, sorting, and grouping data in order to
formulate working hypotheses and lifted it into conclusion or theories in the research
findings, (Bakri, 2003: 162).
In the analysis of the data needed, some procedures are important to do.
According to Patton (1990:103), data analysis is the process to organize data in a
pattern, category, and into analysis. In this research, there are some procedures used
to analyze the data. The procedures are as follows:
1. Analyzing the data taken from the article.
2. Revealing the answers related to the problems of the study.
3. Editing and organizing the data and the results of the study.
4. Making conclusion of the data analysis.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Discourse and language in everyday life may function ideologically. They

may be used to make asymmetrical relations of power and particular textual
portrayals of social and biological worlds appear given, commonsensical and
`natural'. Critical discourse analysis begins from the assumption that systematic
asymmetries of power and resources between speakers and listeners, readers and
writers can be linked to their unequal access to linguistic and social resources.
The results from van Dijk theories that Text is formed in a discourse practice,
a practice of discourse. If there is a text that marginalizes a president, then the text
comes from a representation that describes a political situation for a patriarchal
society. I choose two part element units for the analysis, it is macro structure and
micro structure.
Van Dijk is a professor in the field of text linguistics and specifically
discussed in the analysis of critical discourse. The many discourse texts that were put
forward, the theory that I took was included as a practical theory because Van Dijk
collaborated on the elements of discourse so that it could be used practically. To
illustrate this model, Van Dijk created many media analysis. Van Dijk's focus was
mainly on the study of racism. Lots of racism is manifested and expressed through
writing. Therefore the discourse by van Dijk is described as having three dimensions
namely text, social cognition, and social context. van Dijk combines the three
dimensions of the discourse into a unified analysis.
Based on qualitative research where researchers rely on theory to be analyzed
even in the opinion of the author, this result reveals the reality in society that there are
people who like and dislike when Prabowo gave a speech at the Shangrila Hotel
Jakarta. but many comment like. As the minister of defense, he was very wise when
he made the speech, but people commented that he didn't like it because there was a
question "does he want a candidate for president again?". News about Prabowo has
always been hot news because the minister now always creates controversy so that it
is discussed by the public and the political elite in reporting on television.
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
ASSUMTION
Nahrawi Banyuwang: ASSUMTIONS
Demi kokohnya NKRI bpk S
menhan selaluu menjalin IQBAL FERRY: BANYAK MANUSIA
hubungan dengan Negara YG HANYA PANDAI DLM BICARA
lain membahas alusista yg DAN PIDATO..TPI TIDAK PANDAI
DLM BERSIKAP DAN
kuat.
PENDIRIANNYA...UMUMNYA BIASA
source by:
OMDO...BOHONG SANA BOHONG
https://youtu.be/EJQHLeUU SINI
i3E
Source by: https://youtu.be/EJQHLeUUi3E
 Diagram above show that opinion by Indonesia society nowadays when
Prabowo speech at IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies) Shangri-La
Hotel Jakarta . The results of my research Macro structures have case for observed
using theme, topic that appeared in the news text and the element analysis is topic.
Using theme its means that intuitive term such as ‘what is the news’ about the topic
or theme is must be accounted for at this overall, global level. (Dijk: 13). And I
describe how topic can be relevant with the tittle and text topic even though the
headline I chose is too hot for Indonesians.
The case observed for microstructure is the use of semantics because meaning
is conveyed in news texts by providing details or reducing other details. The meaning
of semantics in research means that journalists display news headlines with
incoherent content in my opinion where the intent of the title is very comprehensive
to understand but the contents of the text only tell the experience of the science of a
minister of defense who comes from a military man so that it attracts the sympathy of
colleagues because in my opinion the speech it is a speech at an international forum.

CONCLUSION
The results of my analysis conclude that I appreciate with Prabowo for doing
the best for Indonesia as minister of defense. My explanation regarding the unit
elements in Van Dijk's theory can be seen in the results and discussion above. The
background in social cognitive terms is to inform the information needed for the
reader to activate the situation model from memory; that is, representations of
accumulated personal experiences and knowledge about concrete situations (Dijk).
Kemenhan.go.id “Ministry of defense at IISS (International Institute for Strategic
Studies) in Shangri-la Jakarta” Present its meaning directly. In their article,
Kemenhan.go.id shows the use of language that is simple to understand. The style of
language that is simple from writing to analysis is also important to choose because if
we understand about language we want to analyze it and relate it to theory it is very
easy. Understanding language is a tool for understanding how the mind works.
REFERENCES

van Dijk, T.A. (1977). Text and context. London: Longman.

van Dijk, T. A. (1993a). Editor's foreword. Discourse & Society, 4, 131-132.

van Dijk, Teun. Discourse and Cognition in Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994.
Print.

van Dijk, T. (1980). Macrostructures. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Publishers.

van Dijk, T.A., & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies of discourse comprehension. New
York: Academic Press.

van Dijk, T. A. (1990). Discourse & Society: A New Journal for a New Research
Focus. Discourse & Society, 1(1), 5-16.

van Dijk, Teun. Text and Context: Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of
Discourse. London: Longman, 1977.

Article by Kemenhan.go.id - 11/06/2022, (Internet news)

Article by Detik.com 12/06/2022 (Internet news)

YouTube by Kompas.com 14/06/2022 (https://youtu.be/EJQHLeUUi3E)