Thin 3.

2 a
simple closed ,
C2 plane curve
,

✗ convex
KCS) > 0 for all s
0--12
kls ) £0
for all S

Proof ⇐ last time

①
'
Recall kls )=0- G)

Suppose
⑦
by contradiction that
is not monotone ND Sms , c-
[ QL) S.t. S
,
< S,
A
0-157--0-6 )
-0 ,

•r¥
Is
☐

,
's ,

Corollary 2.11 F Sz C- [ QL ) sit ✗

'
(G) =
-24s , )
=D
.

= -

21 ( Sa )

taugeitliues@sySa.Ss are
parallel
2 of these
tangent lines
the
his
are same

C- A-B
claim
Any e
lies on Image (a) A

not →
Proof Suppose
convexity definition
C
Use < •

'

e
at D. Let e' be
the tangent line at D B

B g.
•É
=D A /
E lie
,
convexity
on one side of ll
=D
triangle ☐ ABE lies on one side of l'

but De interior of DABE & ☐

Remark Other
equivalent definitions of convexity

a
Let R be the domain boarded

by Image (a) .

Def For A. BER we have ABT a R

any •

Def For
any A. BE Image (a) =dR we have ABTCR

Exercise Show
equivalence

3. 4 The Iso perimetric

.

Inequality
C- Image (a)
e)
④
closed ,
✗
simple , piecewise CI

bound domain R : OR -
e

L -

length (e) ,
A =
area (D)
""

Iso
perimetric Inequality :
A
T
§¥É
Equality is achieved + ra

iff C is a circle .

Digression In dimensions n > 2

v01 ( R) f Cn ( area (OR ) )

T chosen sit have
.
we
equality for spheres
JIM
→
Fcu
Nup for C' CR )
"

any we

with Hu = 0
 ( Sobolev inequalities )

I"%#
constant Cu in iso
perimetric

÷ Kerby large
inequality is

={ { ydx
Lemma 4.1 (A)
area ✗
dy = -

Proof
{ ✗
dy Een
ftp.d#dxdy--JJ1dxdy--areaCR )

Proof of II whoa

£
•
✗ G) =
(✗ ( s ) yls )) :[ 0
, ,
L ] → R2
unit
speed
•
"" = "" "
÷
"" •

Max Is '
✗ ( sa)
✗
✗ =
= r i •

(g)
•
✗

n
✗ Is?
: i
I
r -
•

yÑDS
; I

!
i
8
¥
•

•
-
r

wls )
:-[
TEFÑ it Seto si ,
-

r !
.
.

Eats ) if SELSAIL ]
Sls) -_
(✗ ( s) WLS )
, )
Sls ) =
( ✗ ( s) , wls ) )

[
"

§ =) ?TÉJ
"
wdx
G) ds
'
WLD '
G) ds
-

=
✗
-

JsIÉ ✗
'
(s) ds
 F- f) * du -

f- TEF du

du=×'
u -_
✗ is,

=p § FEET trsintdt [ FEW -

trsintdt
r cost

JE
u=

Jo r2§intYdt ( sin 1-Pdt

'

du = -
rsint =
-

+ r

it

= 2
? £1s .int Pdt =Tr2

A + a- r
'
=

fil ds £ Lr ④

t:# 1¥:]
E¥EtK't-r
ATE
AI
AM GM
1-2
:
-

← Lr
§
A
4- Er
' 2
a- r f

A f ¥7
Equality =D A = Fra

equality in
equality in CSI

E :# [ ¥:] a> o

( A- r )
'
-
w b) = r ✗ ( s)
=D
✗ G) = r
Y' Is )
=
, ✓ = ✗
'
G)
'

1=1 =

✓
=
1- cost D
cos "("¥ ) = Is + so . . .
☐
3. 6.

W§
A Preview

Thin 6.1 (Fenichel ) ✗ closed curve in IRS

SIK ds = 21T

equality iff a is a
plane curve

Thru 6.2 ( Milnor )

Fang
-

it a describes a knot , then

f? Kds > 41T

4. Local Surface Theory

4. 1 Basic definitions and
Examples

¥-0
E⑦
¥ .

Ck coordinate
Def A -

patch for simple surface ,

or local parameterization) CK
is an
injective ,

map I :
U → RS s .t .

Ripen
¥.mx# " " for all ii. us ) c- U
-

¥ ,¥u
,
lin .

indep .

R3
pi

① ÉD
ÉÉ÷¥