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    The rotation index of a simple closed C-curve is -1. The proof uses Green's theorem to show that the rotation index is equal to the integral of the curve's tangent vector around the interior of the curve, which must be -1 due to the closed nature of the curve. Lifting the curve to its universal cover, the rotation index can be computed as the total change in the argument of the lifted tangent vector, which is -2π.

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    The rotation index of a simple closed C-curve is -1. The proof uses Green's theorem to show that the rotation index is equal to the integral of the curve's tangent vector around the interior of the curve, which must be -1 due to the closed nature of the curve. Lifting the curve to its universal cover, the rotation index can be computed as the total change in the argument of the lifted tangent vector, which is -2π.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    9 views5 pages

    Class 07

    Uploaded by

    miru park
    The rotation index of a simple closed C-curve is -1. The proof uses Green's theorem to show that the rotation index is equal to the integral of the curve's tangent vector around the interior of the curve, which must be -1 due to the closed nature of the curve. Lifting the curve to its universal cover, the rotation index can be computed as the total change in the argument of the lifted tangent vector, which is -2π.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    thm-2.

    at The rotation index of a


    simple closed C- curve

    is -1-1

    (2) TIN
    Proof lift is

    08.*
    •

    unit
    WLOG 2 is
    speed , period L

    (✗ ( styes) )
    ÷
    ✗ (5) =

    ylo > = min


    y
    .

    '
    Itv)
    ✗
    (07--1×107,4107)=1×407,0 )
    us
    ;E¥ ,

    a→ ( un) ( plu v7 v1 ) atom


    =
    , ,
    qlu ,
    ② z(v7 .
    .
    .
    -
    •
    21h

    HI-TFE.in#--avnaTv.-ilus:--
    { like)-ñluy
    it Utv and ( un) -1-10,4

    '
    ✗ (a) if u=v

    -210)
    it u=0 , ✓ =L

    ñ
    :={ lu.DE/R'/OfufVfL } -02

    1%4/1
    /

    '

    Claim I / D- yo ,↳y C
    41
    is ⑦
    0

    Proof
    L.ba
    -

    '
    Ir) -

    ñlu)
    =) I' ( uthlv -
    u ))dh is in v.v

    v -

    w o -

    is in UN
    and Blu a) E' (a)
    Yu
    =

    g. ,
    ,

    5. (un)
    Ñlu ,v) =
    is
    lb-slu.vn F
    Recall ñluiul =
    ✗
    '
    (a) =/ II. 8% ] ,
    cos Q Iv)
    Define : 0 ,
    :[ QL] → [ 0-+3 Te / 0, ✓)
    =/ sin -0 , (v) ]
    0-2 :[ QL] →
    [it ,
    21T] 0-2 (a) =-D (a) +1T ,

    0-2 (a)
    Ñ(u,L)
    =/ ]
    cos

    sin Qz ( ) n

    Apply Greens Thin to


    p 8£ ¥q-

    , p¥ ¥q -

    ¥
    :÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷:¥
    ""

    8T¥ -28*81=0

    2¥ P -12%9--0
    II. 1=1 pd -192=2
    { 28¥ p -1209%9--0 }
    1¥ ¥:] .

    0=det[¥¥¥;]=¥¥-¥¥
    o -
    c.) dudu =S✗p¥ ¥ g) -

    die +
    ( p¥ -0¥ g) dv )
    •☐

    TE TE
    =
    § ( flt , t.2-glt.tl .

    2) + Jh
    0
    Ifk -

    -44 .
    1- D) dt

    1- to It ,t ) ti -
    LL -

    t
    ,
    L
    )
    +
    [ glo ,
    L-t.tl ) dt
    O

    ti - lo , L -
    t)

    to ¥gl9t)dt
    h
    =/ ( fltiti-glt.tn dt flt , L )dt
    0
    -

    ( ¥14T) -1%(1-+7)
    qlt.tl/8Teltili-8P-lt¥pÉ
    ,t))dd-t9ltit
    =p Hit) -

    = cos 047
    dat sin D- It ) -
    sin
    Qltddf cos ⑦ A)
    '
    =
    cos -04-7 ① (t) 0-4-7
    cos sin D- (f) f- sin 0-(1-7)
    '
    ⑦ (t)
    -

    = -01+1
    L

    fi ! [ Q'
    '

    O' A) dt Q A) dt A) dt
    -
    - . -

    -014--0-10 )
    (0-214-0-2107) (0-24)--0-110 ) )
    = - -

    is IF 2T -
    it

    =D 0=2*5-(7-0) -2€ -
    it )

    2 # is = 2 it

    is - 2
    ☐
    closed C?
    Corollary 2^11 2
    Simple curve

    I
    =D
    Image (T ) =
    SI ☒n
    Read :
    piecewise G- curves
    3. 3 Convex curves a
    regular closed curve
    ,
    C2
    e
    Def ✗ is called convex if
    H' closed
    it lies on one side of halfrpace

    ①
    each
    tangent line

    closed C2
    Thin 3.2
    Suppose ✗ is
    simple ,
    ,

    Then Hz closed halfspace


    { }
    kls) > 0 for all s 01=2
    ✗ con "e× ⇐☐ Image (a) CH,
    KG , go
    for ayg

    Proof WLOG ✗ unit


    speed
    ① Is)
    [ )
    ' cos
    ① G) =k(s )
    '
    ✗ G) =
    Recall
    sin as)

    * suppose ✗ is not convex .


    Let e be a
    tangent line
    s.tn .
    Image (a) lies on both sides of l .

    •
    ¥9 :
    •
    e

    **c
    er

    Two of the unit unit


    tangut at A ,B
    vectors ,
    C are
    equal
    =D there are S
    , ,
    Sze [O ,
    L) s
    , -1-5 S.t. ① Is ) ,
    -

    ⑦ (f) c- 2ñZ
    " " """ "

    2¥
    so

    {
    •

    2.tk
    -

    son's ,
    '

    S
    ,
    1 is

    Reed -01L) -0-107--215


    in
    4+-2 § Of
    monotonicity
    10-14-01011--2 ,,- -0 .

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