Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023

High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile

and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 1. Starting with the transformation equations for the plane stress, find:
a) The angles defining the principal planes
b) The principal stresses
c) The value of the shear stress at the principal planes
d) The maximum shear stresses and the planes on which they act

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜎!! = + cos 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" si𝑛 2𝜃 = 0
2 2
𝑑𝜎!!
= −/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0 sin 2𝜃 + 2𝜏!" cos 2𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝜃
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0 sin 2𝜃 = 2𝜏!" cos 2𝜃
𝜏!"
tan 2𝜃# =
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0 𝜏!"
cos 2𝜃# = , sin 2𝜃# =
2𝑅 𝑅
where

𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝑅 = 89 $
: + 𝜏!"
2

So,
𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" /𝜎! − 𝜎" 0 𝜏!"
𝜎% = 𝜎!! @'(' = + × + 𝜏!" ×
" 2 2 2𝑅 𝑅
𝜎! + 𝜎" 1 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ $
𝜎% = + =9 : + 𝜏!" >
2 𝑅 2
𝜎! + 𝜎"
𝜎% = +𝑅
2

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝜎% = + 89 $
: + 𝜏!"
2 2

1/11
Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Since 𝜎% + 𝜎$ = 𝜎! + 𝜎"

𝜎$ = 𝜎! + 𝜎" − 𝜎%

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝜎$ = 𝜎! + 𝜎" − ? + 89 $ @
: + 𝜏!"
2 2

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝜎$ = − 89 $
: + 𝜏!"
2 2

or

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝜎%,$ = ± 89 $
: + 𝜏!"
2 2

𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜏!! "! = − sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" cos 2𝜃
2

𝜎! − 𝜎" 𝜏!" /𝜎! − 𝜎" 0

𝜏!! "! @'('# = − × + 𝜏!" ×
2 𝑅 2𝑅

𝜏!! "! @'('# = 0

𝑑𝜏!! "! 𝜎! − 𝜎"

=− cos 2𝜃 − 2𝜏!" sin 2𝜃 = 0
𝑑𝜃 2
𝜎! − 𝜎"
− cos 2𝜃 = 2𝜏!" sin 2𝜃
2
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2
tan 2𝜃+ = −
𝜏!"

1
tan 2𝜃+ = − = − cot 2𝜃#
tan 2𝜃#
2𝜃+ = 2𝜃# ± 90

2/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

So,

𝜎! − 𝜎" /𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2 𝜏!"

𝜏,-! = 𝜏!! "! @'('$ = − × + 𝜏!" ×
2 𝑅 𝑅
1 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ $
𝜏,-! = =9 : + 𝜏!" >
𝑅 2

𝜎! − 𝜎" $
𝜏,-! = 𝑅 = 89 $
: + 𝜏!"
2
or
𝜎% − 𝜎$
𝜏,-! =
2

Problem 2. A cylindrical pressure vessel rests on simple supports at A and B. The vessel is under internal
pressure resulting in longitudinal stress 𝜎! = 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and circumferential stress 𝜎" = 80 𝑀𝑃𝑎 on a
stress element at point C on the wall of the vessel. In addition, a torsional moment to the vessel leads to
shear stress 𝜏!" = 17 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Find the stresses acting on the element at C when rotated through angle
𝜃 = 45°.

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜎!! = + cos 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" si𝑛 2𝜃 = 0
2 2
40 + 80 40 − 80
𝜎!! = + cos(2 × 45) + 17 si𝑛(2 × 45)
2 2
𝜎!! = 77 𝑀𝑃𝑎

3/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜎"! = − sin 2𝜃 − 𝜏!" cos 2𝜃 = 0
2 2
40 + 80 40 − 80
𝜎"! = − sin(2 × 45) − 17 cos(2 × 45)
2 2
𝜎"! = 43 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜏!! "! = − sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" cos 2𝜃
2
40 − 80
𝜏!! "! = − sin(2 × 45) + 17 cos(2 × 45)
2
𝜏!! "! = 17 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Problem 3. A cylindrical pressure vessel rests on simple supports at A and B. The vessel has a helical weld
joint oriented at 𝜃 = 35° to the longitudinal axis. The vessel is under internal pressure and also has some
torsional shear stress due to differential settlement of the support at B. The state of stress on the
element at D along and perpendicular to the weld seam is known and shown in figure. Find the
equivalent stress state for the element at D when rotated through angle 𝜃 = −35° so that the element
is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the vessel.

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜎!! = + cos 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" si𝑛 2𝜃 = 0
2 2
40 + 80 40 − 80
𝜎!! = + cos(2 × −35) − 22 si𝑛(2 × −35)
2 2
𝜎!! = 73.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

4/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜎"! = + sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" cos 2𝜃 = 0
2 2
40 + 80 40 − 80
𝜎"! = − sin(2 × −35) − 22 cos(2 × −35)
2 2
𝜎"! = 46.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎! − 𝜎"
𝜏!! "! = − sin 2𝜃 + 𝜏!" cos 2𝜃
2
40 − 80
𝜏!! "! = − sin(2 × −35) − 22 cos(2 × −35)
2
𝜏!! "! = −26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Problem 4. A simply supported wide-flange beam has a concentrated load P applied at mid-span. The
state of stress in the beam web at element C is known to be 𝜎! = 86 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜎" = −28 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and
𝜏!" = −32 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Determine:
a) The values of the principal stresses.

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ 86 + (−28) 86 − (−28) $

𝜎%,$ = ± 89 $ =
: + 𝜏!" ± 8= > + (−32)$
2 2 2 2

𝜎%,$ = 29 ± 65.37
𝜎% = 94.37 𝜎$ = −36.37

b) The maximum shear stresses.

$
𝜎! − 𝜎" $ 86 − (−28)
𝜏,-! = 𝑅 = 89 $ = 8P
: + 𝜏!" Q + (−32)$
2 2

𝜏,-! = 65.37 𝑀𝑃𝑎

5/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 5. An axial force of 90 kN and a torque of 250 N-m are applied to the shaft if the shaft has a
diameter of 40 mm, determine the principal stresses.

𝜋 $ 𝜋
𝐴= 𝐷 = (40)$ = 400𝜋 𝑚𝑚$
4 4
𝐹 90 × 100
𝜎./,# = = = 71.62 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 400𝜋
𝑇 250 × 100
𝜏=𝑅 = 20 × 𝜋 = 19.89 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 (40)1
32
𝜎! = 71.62 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜎" = 0, 𝜏!" = 19.89 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ −71.62 −71.62 $

𝜎%,$ = ± 89 $ =
: + 𝜏!" ± 8= > + (19.89)$
2 2 2 2

𝜎%,$ = −35.81 ± 19.89

𝜎% = −15.92 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜎$ = −55.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜏!" 19.89
tan 2𝜃# = = = −0.555
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2 −71.62/2

tan2% 0.555 = 29°

151
2𝜃# = 180 − 29 = 151 → 𝜃# = = 75.5°
2
−29
2𝜃# = −29°. → 𝜃# = = −14.5°
2

6/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 6. A shaft has a diameter of 40 mm is subjected to a bending moment of 2 kN-m and a torque
of 2.5 kN-m. Determine:
a) The critical point of the shaft cross section
𝑀𝑦 𝑇
𝜎3 = , 𝜏4 = 𝑟
𝐼 𝐽
The critical point is point A is it has the maximum 𝜎3 (maximum y) and maximum 𝜏 (maximum 𝑟)

b) The stress state of the critical point

𝑀𝑦 (2 × 100 × 100 ) × 20
𝜎3 = = 𝜋 = 318 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 (40)1
64
𝑇 (2.5 × 100 × 100 )
𝜏=𝑅 = 20 × 𝜋 = 199 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 (40)1
32
𝜎! = 318 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜎" = 0, 𝜏!" = 199 𝑀𝑃𝑎

c) The principal stresses and its orientation

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ 318 318 $

𝜎%,$ = ± 89 $ =
: + 𝜏!" ± 8= > + (199)$
2 2 2 2

𝜎%,$ = 159 ± 254.72

𝜎% = 413.72 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜎$ = −95.72 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜏!" 19.89
tan 2𝜃# = = = −0.555
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2 −71.62/2
tan2% 0.555 = 29°
151
2𝜃# = 180 − 29 = 151 → 𝜃# = = 75.5°
2
209
2𝜃# = 180 + 29 = 209 → 𝜃# = = 104.5°
2

7/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 7. A shaft has a diameter of 60 mm. the shaft is subjected to a

compressive force of 25 kN, a bending moment of 800 N-m and a torque
of 1000 N-m. Determine:
a) The stress state of point A
𝜋 𝜋
𝐴 = 𝐷$ = (60)$ = 900𝜋 𝑚𝑚$
4 4
𝐹 25 × 100
𝜎./,# = − = − = −8.84 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 900𝜋
𝑀𝑦 (800 × 100 ) × 30
𝜎3 = − =− 𝜋 = −37.73 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼 (60)1
64
𝑇 (1000 × 100 )
𝜏 = 𝑅 = 30 × 𝜋 = 23.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐽 (60)1
32
𝜎! = −8.84 + (−37.73) = −46.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜎" = 0, 𝜏!" = 23.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎

b) The principal stresses and its orientation

𝜎! + 𝜎" 𝜎! − 𝜎" $ −46.57 −46.57 $

𝜎%,$ = ± 89 $ =
: + 𝜏!" ± 8= > + (23.58)$
2 2 2 2

𝜎%,$ = −23.285 ± 33.14

𝜎% = 9.855 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜎$ = −56.425 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜏!" 23.58
tan 2𝜃# = = = −1.0127
/𝜎! − 𝜎" 0/2 −46.57/2
tan2% 0.555 = 45.361°
134.64
2𝜃# = 180 − 45.361 = 134.64 → 𝜃# = = 67.32°
2
−45.361
2𝜃# = −45.361°. → 𝜃# = = −22.68°
2

8/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 8. An element in plane stress on the surface of an oil-drilling pump arm is subjected to stresses
𝜎! = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜎" = 34 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and 𝜏!" = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎, as shown. Using Mohr’s circle, determine:

a) The stresses acting on an element inclined at an angle 𝜃 = 40°

𝜎! + 𝜎" 100 + 34
𝜎-564 = = = 67 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
@ 𝜃 = 0 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴):
𝜎!! = 𝜎! = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = 𝜏!" = 28
@ 𝜃 = 90 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵):
𝜎!! = 𝜎" = 34 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = −𝜏!" = −28

𝜎! − 𝜎" $ 100 − 34 $
8
𝑅= 9 $ 8
: + 𝜏!" = = > + 28$ = 43 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2

@ 𝜃 = 40, by measurement
𝜎!! = 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜎"! = 34 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜏!! "! = −27.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎

b) The principal stresses

𝜎% = 𝜎!! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃1 = 110 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎$ = 𝜎!! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃2 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2𝜃# = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑃% = 40° → 𝜃# = 20°
2𝜃# = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑃$ = 220° → 𝜃# = 110°

c) The maximum shear stresses

𝜏,-! = 𝜏!! "! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑆% = 43 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2𝜃+ = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑆% = −50° → 𝜃+ = −25°
2𝜃+ = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑆$ = 130° → 𝜃+ = 65°

9/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 9. At a point on the surface of a metal-working lathe the stresses are 𝜎! = −50 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜎" = 10 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and 𝜏!" = −40 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Using Mohr’s circle, determine:

a) The stresses acting on an element inclined at an angle 𝜃 = 45°

𝜎! + 𝜎" 50 + 10
𝜎-564 = = = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
@ 𝜃 = 0 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴):
𝜎!! = 𝜎! = −50 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = 𝜏!" = −40
@ 𝜃 = 90 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵):
𝜎!! = 𝜎" = 10 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = −𝜏!" = 40

𝜎! − 𝜎" $ $ = 8=
−50 − 10 $
𝑅 = 89 : + 𝜏!" > + (−40)$ = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2

@ 𝜃 = 45 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷),
𝜎!! = −60 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜏!! "! = −30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎"! = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷′),

b) The principal stresses

𝜎% = 𝜎!! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃1 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎$ = 𝜎!! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃2 = −70 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2𝜃# = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑃% = 233° → 𝜃# = 116.5°
2𝜃# = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑃$ = 53° → 𝜃# = 26.5°

c) The maximum shear stresses

𝜏,-! = 𝜏!! "! @ 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑆% = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2𝜃+ = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑆% = 143° → 𝜃+ = 71.5°
2𝜃+ = ∠𝐴𝐶𝑆$ = −37° → 𝜃+ = −18.5°

10/11
 Ministry of Higher Education Academic Year: 2022/2023
High Institute of Engineering Department: 1st Mech – Textile
and Technology (HIET) Course Code: MED 111
El-Mahalla El-Kobra Course: Structural Mechanics

Sheet 5 - Solutions

Problem 10. At a point on the surface of a hydraulic ram on a piece of construction equipment, the
material is subjected to biaxial stresses 𝜎! = 90 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝜎" = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Using Mohr’s circle, determine
the stresses acting on an element inclined at an angle 𝜃 = 30°.

𝜎! + 𝜎" 90 + 20
𝜎-564 = = = 55 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 2
@ 𝜃 = 0 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴):
𝜎!! = 𝜎! = 90 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = 𝜏!" = 0
@ 𝜃 = 90 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵):
𝜎!! = 𝜎" = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝜏!! "! = 𝜏!" = 0

𝜎! − 𝜎" $ 90 − 20 $
8
𝑅= 9 $ 8
: + 𝜏!" = = >
2 2

= 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎
@ 𝜃 = 30 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷), by measurement
𝜎!! = 72.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜏!! "! = −30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎"! = 37.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷7 )

11/11