ASSIGNMENT 4

1. Historic Controversies: “One past but many histories”: Controversies and

Conflicting views in Philippine history.
GIVE YOUR IDEA OF THE FF : iTS MEANING AND FUNCTION
( primary/secondary sources ). Review and Recall and be ready for sharing of ideas and
research

a. The site of the first mass

This position paper is all about where the first mass really happened. The first mass in the
The Philippines was held on March 31,1521 and it is Easter Sunday. Filipinos are arguing where
the first mass was actually held in the Philippines. Some said it happened in Butuan and others
said it happened in Limasawa. The start of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines was marked
by the Holy First Mass. Butuan has erected a monument to commemorate the place of the
Philippines' first mass. Butuan residents requested that the Philippine Historical Committee
restore the monument or erect a marker on the spot. The monument was re-erected in response
to this criticism, but the marble slab proclaiming that it was the location of the first mass was
removed.By the addendum to Francisco Colin's Labor Evangelica, historian Pablo Pastells
indicated that Magellan did not travel to Butuan, but rather from Limasawa to Cebu. The first
mass is not mentioned by Francisco Albo (pilot of Magellan's flagship), but he does write that
they erected a cross on a mountain overlooking three islands to the west and southwest.
Father Bernard studied all of Pigafetta's maps, which place in Macau off the southern tip of the
larger island of Leyte, and a check with modern maps will show that this jibes with Limasawa
and not Masao or Butuan.

b. The Cavite Mutiny

The Cavite Mutiny is an attempt by locals to overthrow the Spanish government in the
Philippines as a result of the elimination of privileges enjoyed by the Cavite arsenal's workmen.
The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 includes two extant versions, one from the Spanish camp and the
other from the Filipino camp, including freedom from tribute and forced labor and the Filipino
version. Jose Montero y Vidal narrates the Spanish version of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872.

C. Cry of Balintawak/Pugadlawin
The "Cry of Pugad Lawin" signaled the beginning of the Philippine Revolutionary War against
Spain. The revolution rose in vigor and extended to eight provinces, including Manila, Bulacan,
Cavite, Pampanga, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija, which are now
represented by the sun's eight rays. Flag of the Philippines. The Philippine Revolution began
with Andrés Bonifacio, the commander of the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary movement that
sought to end nearly 300 years of Spanish rule. The Philippines gained freedom from Spanish
colonial authority. The Katipuneros, led by Andrés, attacked the Katipuneros in August 1896 in
the locality of Pugad Lawin in Balintawak, now part of Quezon City. Bonifacio revolted by tearing
up their "cedula

d. Tejeros Convention/Execution of Bonifacio

A convention was held in Tejeros on March 22, 1897, to settle the conflict between the two
councils and choose what sort of administration should be erected. The crowd turned boisterous
during the early stages of the conference, forcing a break. When the conference reconvened,
Bonifacio was tasked with overseeing the election of officers for the newly formed government.
However, before this, Bonifacio established the rule that the assembly must recognize the
election results, regardless of the outcome. Daniel Tirona disputed Bonifacio's election as
Secretary of the Interior, arguing that the role should be handled by a lawyer. Tirona was
insulted, and Bonifacio demanded an apology.
e. Filipino Collaborators
Collaboration is defined as a subject's complete cooperation with an enemy occupying force;
yet, they are frequently misinterpreted. On the other hand, the judge has an advance that allows
them to manage non-collaborators under investigation by dismissing evidence that appears to
prove collaboration. In terms of Leyte under Japanese occupation, it is necessary to start with
the concrete problems, despite the pre-war devotion of approximately one million inhabitants to
what we may call a democratic scheme of ideals and their predominance. It would be a rash
assumption to draw any conclusions from the fact that the Filipinos collaborated fully and
actively with the Japanese-established regime.
f. Martial Law
On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081,
declaring martial law in the Philippines. According to certain sources, Marcos signed the
document. Declaration on September 17 or 22, although the document itself was dated
September 21 in both cases. Marcos cultivated the cult of September 21 throughout the Martial
Law period, establishing it as National Thanksgiving Day with Proclamation No. 1180 s. To mark
the beginning of his New Society, he chose the year 1973. The misinformation campaign was
so successful that many Filipinos, especially those who did not witness the events of September
23, 1972, are still under the impression that martial law was declared on September 21, 1972
g. Federalism
 Federalism is a form of political organization that brings together separate states or policies
within a larger political system while allowing each to preserve its independence. Federal
systems do this by demanding that basic policies be developed and implemented through some
type of discussion, so that all members can participate in making and carrying out choices. The
political concepts that underpin federal systems highlight the importance of negotiating and
negotiated cooperation among several power centers, as well as the benefits of dispersed
power centers in protecting individual and local liberty.