Bt2-Module 4

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2
WOOD FLOOR FRAMING SYSTEM

AND
FLOOR FINISHES
WOOD FLOOR FRAMING
The wood floor framing system consists of the common floor joists, cross bridging, solid
bridging, and other members which provide support for the flooring, as follows:
Floor Joist – One of a series of parallel beams of timber, reinforced concrete, or steel used to
support floor and ceiling loads, and supported in turn by larger beams, girders or bearing walls;
the widest dimension is vertically oriented.
Common Joist, Bridging Joist – A joist on which floor boards are laid; neither supports a joist
nor is it supported by another joist.
Binding Joist, binder – A beam which supports the common joists of a wood floor above and the
ceiling joists below; commonly joins two vertical posts.
Girder – A large or principal beam of steel, reinforced concrete, or timber; used to support
concentrated loads at isolated points along its length.
Bridging – A brace, or a system of braces, placed between joists to stiffen them, to hold them in
place, and to help distribute the load.
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Cross Bridging, Diagonal Bridging, Herringbone Strutting – Diagonal bracing, in pairs, between adjacent
floor joists to prevent the joists from twisting.
Block Bridging, Solid Bridging, Solid Strutting – Short members (boards) which are fixed vertically
between floor joists to stiffen the joists.
Bridging Floor – A floor supported by common joists, without girders.
Principal Joist – a large joist that carries much of the floor load.
Sleeper Joist – any joist resting directly on sleepers
Ledger, Ribbon or Ribband – a horizontal member which is housed in the studs of balloon framing and
carries joists.
Ledger Strip, Ribbon Strip – On a beam which carries joists flush with the upper edge of the beam (or
girder), a strip of lumber which is nailed to the side of the beam (along its bottom edge), forming a seat for
the joists and helping to support them.
Sill – a horizontal timber, at the bottom of the frame of a wood structure, which rests on the foundation.
Sleepers -1. One of a number of horizontal timbers that are laid on a concrete slab (or on the ground) and to which the flooring is nailed.
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distributes the load from posts or framing.
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4.1 WOOD FLOOR FRAMING EXTENSIONS
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4.2 FLOOR JOISTS ON BEAMS/GIRDERS
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4.3 FLOOR FINISHES
A. Wood Flooring
Strip Flooring – Hardwood finish flooring;

narrow tongue-and-groove strips;
commonly maple, mahogany, oak, etc.
Plank Flooring – Flooring made of long, wide, square-sawn thick piece of timber
called planks; the specifications vary, but often the minimum width is 8” (200 mm), and
the minimum thickness is 2” to 4” (50 to 100 mm) for softwood and 1” (25 mm) for
hardwood.
Parquet Flooring – Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric patterns.
Parquet Tile Flooring – parquet units glued to paper to form tiles for flooring. The tiles
are glued to the cement floor face down; when dry, paper is wet and stripped off the
tile surface; sanded and primed to finish.
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B. Cement Flooring and Cement Tile Flooring
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C. Ceramic Tile & Vitrified Tile Flooring
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4.4 PARTITION WALL FRAMING SYSTEM & PARTITION WALL
FINISHES
4.4.1 WOOD WALL FRAMING SYSTEM
A partition wall is a dividing wall within a building; may be bearing or non-load bearing. Parts
of the partition are:
Stud – an upright post or support, esp. one of a series of vertical structural members which
act as the supporting elements in a wall or partition.
Partition cap, head, plate – the uppermost horizontal member of a partition; the top plate of a
partition on which the joists rests.
Soleplate – a horizontal timber which serves as a base for the studs in a stud partition.
Cripple – a structural element that is shorter than usual, as a stud above a door opening or
below a window sill.
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Bay Window With a Top Plate and Header
Exterior Walls Constructed in the Shape of a Bay
Extending Across the Opening in the Plane of the
Window
Wall
4.5 WOOD WALL FINISHES
Wood Boards – Lumber less than 2” (5 cm) thick and between 4” (10 cm) to 12” (30 cm) in width,
used as horizontal and vertical board siding. The various cuts of wood boards used in finishing
works are:
HORIZONTAL BOARD SIDINGBEVEL SIDING
Clapboard, Bevel siding, Lap siding – a wood siding

commonly used as an exterior covering on a
building of frame construction; applied horizontally BEVEL SIDING
and overlapped, with the grain running lengthwise;
thicker along the lower edge than along the upper.
Dolly Varden siding – is bevel siding rabbeted along

the lower edge to receive the upper edge of the
board below it.
DOLLY VARDEN
Shiplap siding – wood sheathing whose edges are rabbeted
to make an overlapping joint. Examples are v-cut, rustic,
stone-cut, and corrugated sidings.
Rustic siding – also called “drop siding” or “novelty siding”;

an exterior wall cladding of wooden boards (or strips of
other material such as aluminum or vinyl), which are SHIPLAP SIDING
tongued and grooved or rabbeted and overlapped so that
the lower edge of each board interlocks with a groove in VERTICAL BOARD SIDING
the board immediately below it.
MATCHED BOARDS – boards that
interlap or interlock and have flush, v-
groove, or beaded joints.
DROP SIDING
Arch. EnP SERGE T. CHUA, Jr. fuap M Arch CTM/ MATCHED

Arch. SIDINGS
T&G siding – “Tongue and groove” boards, also
called “dressed and matched” boards and are
boards or lumber that has been planed smooth;
cut so that a tongue along one edge fits into a
groove cut along the edge of the adjacent piece. T&G
V-cut siding – any saw cut or cut in wood whose

rabbeted joint is v-shaped.
V-CUT
Corrugated siding – scalloped wood sheathing
with the convex forms visible.
CORRUGATED
SIDINGS
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Arch. CARMELA C. QUIZANA,MSCM,uap
SQUARE-EDGE BOARDS - boards used with other boards and battens to protect and enhance the vertical
joints and form board-and-board or board-and-batten patterns.
“Board and Batten” or “Batten” siding – narrow battens or wood strips attached to the joints of T&G
sheathing. Wood strips are lumber less than 4” (10 cm) wide.
“Batten and Board” – board emphasized, battens at back.
Board and Board Siding or Stone-cut siding – visible equal sized board and batten.
BOARD SIDINGS BATTEN ON BOARD BOARD AND BOARD

BATTEN
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Wood Manufactured Boards – are panels made of wood but do not appear in their natural
state. Types of manufactured wood boards are:
Plywood – made of an odd number of veneer sheets glued together with the grains running at
right angles to each other. Use 16” (405 mm) stud spacing for 10 mm plywood; 24” (610 mm)
stud spacing for 12 mm plywood. The different types of plywood are:
 Soft Plywood – used for form lumber
 Hardwood Plywood – used for paneling
and finishing work where usually one
face is hard-finished.
 Marine Plywood or Exterior Grade
Plywood – used for exterior use where
waterproof glue is used.
Hardboard and/or Plyboard – made from wood chips which are
exploded into fibers under a stream of high pressure. The lining in
the wood itself binds pressed wood together with no fillers or
artificial adhesives applied. Pressed wood is equally strong in all
directions but very brittle. Its color varies from light to dark
brown.
Fiberboard – are finishing materials made from vegetable fibers such as
corn or sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets. It is not very strong, but
has good insulating properties therefore it is usually applied as a ceiling
finish only.
Gypsum Board – is a non-combustible building board with a gypsum

core enclosed in tough, smooth paper. It is designed to be used without
addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions. It is extensively used
in “dry wall” construction, where plaster is eliminated. Brand names:
BORAL, ELEPHANT.
Fiber Cement Boards – Fiber-reinforced cement board is composed of

72% Portland cement, 20% mineralized cellulose fibers derived from
recycled materials, and 8% calcium carbonate.
Particle Board – is manufactured from wood chips, curls, fibers, flakes,

strands, shaving, and slivers, bound together and pressed into sheets,
molded and shaped. Particle boards have equal strength in all directions
in a given cross sectional area, Arch.
areEnPnot brittle and can resist warping.
SERGE T. CHUA, Jr. fuap M Arch CTM/ Arch.

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BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2

WOOD FLOOR FRAMING SYSTEM

Bridging Floor – A floor supported by common joists, without girders.

Sleeper Joist – any joist resting directly on sleepers

Strip Flooring – Hardwood finish flooring;

Clapboard, Bevel siding, Lap siding – a wood siding

Dolly Varden siding – is bevel siding rabbeted along

Rustic siding – also called “drop siding” or “novelty siding”;

Arch. EnP SERGE T. CHUA, Jr. fuap M Arch CTM/ MATCHED

V-cut siding – any saw cut or cut in wood whose

“Batten and Board” – board emphasized, battens at back.

BOARD SIDINGS BATTEN ON BOARD BOARD AND BOARD

Arch. EnP SERGE T. CHUA, Jr. fuap M Arch

Gypsum Board – is a non-combustible building board with a gypsum

Fiber Cement Boards – Fiber-reinforced cement board is composed of

Particle Board – is manufactured from wood chips, curls, fibers, flakes,

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