111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 HANOI UNIVERSITY OR

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS

-----    -----

EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
Department of General Physics

Instructor: Assoc.Prof. Ngô Đức Quân

Student:
Full name: Lê Việt Hoàng
ID Number: 20185258
Class: 723667

Ha Noi, 2022

1
 MỤC LỤC

1. Experiment 1…………………………………………………………………3

2. Experiment 3…………………………………………………………………7
3. Experiment 4………………………………………………………………15

4. Experiment 5………………………………………………………………32

5. Experiment 6………………………………………………………………37

2
 Experiment 1: MEASUREMENT OF BASIC LENGTH
Full name: Lê Việt Hoàng Verification of instructor
Student ID: 20185258
Class number: 723667
Group: 03

I. Experimental results
1. Hollow cylinder
Trials D (mm) d (mm) h (mm)
1 34.78 28.54 9.10
2 34.80 28.50 9.12
3 34.82 28.48 9.18
4 34.84 28.52 9.06
5 34.80 28.46 9.14
2. Steel ball
Diameter ( D b = n × 0.5 + m × 0.01 )

Trials n (mm) m (mm) D b (mm)

1 23 49.1 11.99
2 23 49.7 12.00
3 23 49.4 11.99
4 23 49.3 11.98
5 23 48.9 11.98
II. Data treatment
1. Metal hollow cylinder (mass: m=26.70 g = 26.70 × 10−3 kg)

√∑
5
5
s.d ( Di−D)2
D = ∑ i ≈ 34.80 (mm)
D △D = S.D = = ≈
i=1 √5 i =1

5 √ 5∗√5
0.01(mm)

√∑
5
5
s.d (d i−d)2
d = ∑ i ≈ 28.50 (mm)
d △d = S.D = = ≈ 0.01
i=1 √5 i =1

5 √ 5∗√5
(mm)

3
 √∑
5
5
s.d (hi −h)2
h = ∑ i ≈ 9.12 (mm)
h △h = S.D = = ≈ 0.01 (mm)
i=1 √5 i =1

5 √5∗√ 5

Volume of hollow cylinder:

π 2 2 3.14
V = ( D −d ) h = ( 34.80 2−28.502 ) ×9.12 = 2.855 × 103 (mm3 ¿=¿2.85 × 10−6 (m3 ¿
4 4

△V =

√ √ √(
2 2
△ ( D 2−d 2 )
) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
△π △h △π △D △d 1 △h
V ( ) +( ) +( ) =V ( ) +( 2 + × 2 2 ) +( )
π D 2−d 2 h π D d D −d h

√ √(
2

)( )
2
= 2.85 × 103× ( 0.01 ) +(2 0.01 2 0.01 2 1 0.01 2
+ × ) +( )
3.14 34.80 28.50 34.802−28.502 9.12

≈ 10.5 (mm3 ¿= 0.01 × 10−6 (m 3 ¿

Therefore:
V = V ± △ V = (2.85 ± 0.01)× 10−6 (m3)
Density of hollow cylinder:

m 26.70× 10−3
ρ= = −6 = 9.37 × 10 (kg/m ¿
3 3
V 2.85× 10

△ ρ = ρ √ ¿ ¿ = 9.37 × 103× √ ¿ ¿ = 0.03 × 103 (kg/m3 ¿

Therefore:
ρ = ρ ± △ ρ = (9.37 ± 0.03)× 103 (kg/m3
2. Steel ball )
5

D b = ∑ bi ≈ 11.99 (mm)
D
i=1
5

√∑
5
2
s.d (Dbi −Db )
△ D b = S.D = = ≈ 0.003 (mm)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√ 5

4
 1 1
V b = π × Db3= × 3.14 × 11.993=902 ( mm3 )=0.902 ×10−6 (m 3)
6 6

√ √
2 2
△ V b=V b ( △ π ) +¿ ¿=902 × ( 0.01 ) + ¿ ¿≈2.951(mm3 ¿ ≈ 0.003 × 10−6 (m3 )
π 3.14

Therefore:
V b = V b ± △ V b = (0.902 ± 0.003)× 10−6 (
m)
3

5
 Experimental Report 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC IN ELASTIC AND INELASTIC

COLLISIONS
Name: Lê Việt Hoàng

Student ID: 20185258

Class: 723667 Verification of the instructors

Group: 03

II/Experimental results
1) Elastic collision
* m1 = 400.3 g = 0.4 kg , m2 = 799.4g = 0.8 kg
Trials t1 t1’ t2’
1 0,160 0,673 0,269
2 0,156 0,664 0,262
3 0,157 0,664 0,262
4 0,160 0,666 0,265
5 0,159 0,666 0,263
6 0,158 0,668 0,264
7 0,157 0,665 0,265
8 0,156 0,664 0,262
9 0,155 0,670 0,263
10 0,155 0,671 0,263

2) Inelastic collision

* m1 = 798.6 g = 0.8 kg, m2 = 387.1 g = 0.4 kg

Trials t1 t1'= t2'
1 0,239 0,588
2 0,249 0,589
3 0,243 0,590
4 0,240 0,586
5 0,238 0,588
6 0,232 0,580
7 0,232 0,591
8 0,236 0,585
9 0,230 0,581
10 0,236 0,581

6
III/Data processing

1) Elastic collision

a.Velocity

*V1: S = 85 mm = 0.085 m

- The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t 1= ∑ t =¿ 0.157 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

|∑ |
10
(t 1−t 1 )
1
⩟ t 1= =0.002(s )
10

- The uncertainty of v:

v1 = ( )
s m
t s
m
=0.541( )
s

√
2
∆t
∆ v 1=v 1 ( ) =0.007 (m/s)
t

v ( 1 )=v 1± Δv 1
=> = 0.541± 0.007(m/s)
'
¿ V 1:

- The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t '1= ∑ t =¿ 0.677 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

√
10

∑ (t '1 i−t1 )2
i=1
⩟ t 1' = =0.001(s )
10∗10

-The uncertainty of

7
 v'1 =
s m
t1 s
' ( ) m
=0.126( )
s

√
' 2
' ' ∆t1 m
∆ v =v
1 1 ( ) =0.001( )
t
'
1
s

v '( 1 )=v' 1± Δv ' 1 ±

=> =0.126 0.001 (m/s)

¿ V '2 :

The uncertainty of t:

10
1
t '2= ∑ t =¿ 0.264 ( s ) ¿
10 i=1 i

√
10

∑ (t '2 i−t 2)2

i=1
⩟ t 2' = =0.006(s)
10∗10

The uncertainty of

v '2=
s m
t2 s
' ( ) m
=0.322( )
s

√
' 2
' ' ∆ t2 m
∆ v =v (
2 2 ) =0.007( )
t
'
2
s

v ' ( 2 )=v' 2 ±Δv '2

±
= 0.322 0.007 (m/s)
=>
b.Momentum

The total momentum before collision are:

P1 = m a ⃗
v a 1 + mb ⃗
vb1

m
P1=m 1 v 1=0.4 × 0.541=0.216 (kg . )
s

√( ∆ m1 2 ∆ v 1 2
)( ) √( )( ) ( )
2 2
0.001 0.007 kgm
∆ P1=P 1 + =(0.216) + =0.003
m1 v1 0.4 0.541 s

8
 kgm
=> P1=( 0.216 ± 0.003 ) ( )
s The total momentum after collision are:

P2 = m a ⃗
v a 2 + mb ⃗
vb2

' ' kgm

P2=m2 v 2−m1 v 1=0.8 × 0.322−0.4 × 0.126=0.207( )
s

√( )( )( )( ) √(
2 ' 2 2 ' 2

)( )( )( )
∆ m1 ∆ v1 ∆ m2 ∆ v2 0.001
2
0.001
2
0.001
2
0.007
2
kg
∆ P2=P 2 × + ' + + ' =0.207 × + + + =0.005(
m1 v1 m2 v2 0.8 0.126 0.4 0.322
kgm
¿> P2 =(0.207 ± 0.005)( )
s

-There is a slightly change of the total momentum before and after

collisions due to some external forces or the collisions is not completely
elastic.

* The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P2 −P 1∨ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0.207−0.216∨ ¿ =4 % ¿
P1 = 0.216

c.Kinetic energy

The total Kinetic energy before collision are

1 1
K 1= m1 ( v1 )2= × 400× 10−3 ×(0.541)2=0.059 J
2 2

¿> ∆ K 1=K 1
√( ∆ m1 2
m1
+ 2 )( )
∆ v1 2
v1
=( 0.059 )
√( 0.001 2
0,4
+4 ) (
0.007 2
0.541 )
=0.002( J )

=> K 1=0.059± 0.002(J )

* The total Kinetic energy after collision are

1 '2 1 '2
K 2= m 1 v 1 + m v 2 =0.043 ( J )
2 2 2

√( )
' 2
∆ t2
¿> ∆ K 2=K 2 2 '
+¿ ¿
t2

9
=> K 2=( 0.043± 0.001 ) (J )

before and after

-There is also a change of kinetic energy
collision but the kinetic energy after collision loses way more
than momentum.
The percent change in kinetic energy
C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.043−0.059∨ ¿ =27.1% ¿ ¿
K1 0.059

2) Inelastic collision

a.Velocity

-V1:

The uncertainty of t:

√∑
10 10
1
t 1= ∑ t =0.238( s)⩟ t 1=
10 i=1 i
¿¿¿¿
i=1

The uncertainty of v:
s
v1 = (m/s)=0.357 m/ s
t1

√
2
' ∆t m
∆ v 1=v 1 ( ) =0.006( )
t ❑
1
s

=> v ( 1 )=v 1± Δv 1 =0.357± 0.006(m/s)

V 2' :

The uncertainty of t :

√∑
10 10
1
t 2= ∑ t =0.586( s) Δt 2=
10 i=1 i
¿¿¿¿
i=1

The uncertainty of

v 2=
s m
t2 s
❑ ( )
=0.145 m/ s

10
 Δv 2=v 2
√( )
Δt 2
t ❑2
=0.007 (m/s)

=> v 2=v 2 ± Δv 2 =0.145 ± 0.007 (m/s)

b.Momentum

-The total momentum before collision are

P1=m1 . v 1=0.8 ×0.357=0.286 (kg . m/s)

√( )( )
Δ m1 2 Δv 1 2
√( )( )
2 2
0.001 0.006 ¿ 0.005( kgm/s)
⇒ ΔP 1=P1 + =(0.286) + =>
m1 v1 0.8 0.357
P1=(0.286 ± 0.005)(kg . m/s)

kgm
P2=¿ ) v '2=( 0.8+0.4 ) × 0.145=0.174( )
s

√( ) ( ) √(
2 ' 2

) ( ) ( )
∆ m2 ∆v 0.001
2
0.007
2
kgm
¿> ∆ P 2=P2 + 4 ' 2 =( 0.174 ) +4 =0.002
m1+m 2 v2 0.798+0.378 0.145 s

=> P2=( 0.174 ±0.002 ) ¿)

The percent change in momentum

C %=¿ P2 −P 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.174−0.286∨ ¿ =39.2 % ¿ ¿

P1 0.286

-In inelastic energy, the total momentum after collision loses almost half

of the momentum before collision, which means that there are some

uncertainty of measurement equipments.

c.Kinetic energy

- The total Kinetic energy before collision are

1 1
K 1= m1 ( v 1 )2= × 0,8× ¿
2 2

11
 ⇒ Δ K 1=K 1
√( m1 )(
Δ m1 2
+ −2
v1 )
Δ v1 2
=(0.051)
√(
K 1=0.051± 0.0003( J )
0.8 ) (
0.001 2
+4
0.358 )
0.001 2¿ 0.0003( J )
=>

- The total Kinetic energy after collision are

1
K 2= (m1+ m2 )× ¿
2

∆ K 2 =K 2
√( 2
∆ m2 2
m2 )+¿ ¿

=> K 2=0.021± 0.0007( J )

The percent change in kinetic energy

C %=¿ K 2−K 1∨ ¿ =¿ 0.021−0.051∨ ¿ =58.8 % ¿ ¿

K1 0.051


The kinetic energy after a completely inelastic collision is significantly less than

before.

12
 Experimental Report 3
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THE SYMMETRIC RIGID BODIES
Full name: Lê Việt Hoàng

Student ID: 20185258

Class: 723667 Verification of the instructors

Group: 03
I. Data result
1. Rod
Trials T 1 (s)
1 2.632
2 2.631
3 2.629
4 2.630
5 2.631

2. Solid disk
Trials T 2 (s)
1 2.086
2 2.096
3 2.094
4 2.097
5 2.098

3. Hollow cylinder
a) Supported disk
Trials T 3 (s)
1 0.319
2 0.320
3 0.323
4 0.321
5 0.320

b) Supported disk and hollow cylinder

Trials T 4 (s)
1 1.135
2 1.136
3 1.130
4 1.134
5 1.127

13
 4. Solid sphere
Trials T 5 (s)
1 2.133
2 2.137
3 2.136
4 2.135
5 2.131

II. Calculating

1. The rod
1.1 The value of vibration period
5

T 1= ∑
Ti
i=1 = 2.631 (s)
5

√∑
5
s.d (T i−T 1)2
△T 1 = S.D = = = 0.001 (s)
√5 i =1

√5 × √ 5
1.2 Moment of inertiathrough experiment

I 1= D z ¿ = 0.044 × ¿= 7.718× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

△ I 1=I 1 × √ ¿ ¿= 7.718 × 10−3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.006 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

¿> I 1 = (7.718 ± 0.006)× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

1.3 Moment of inertia through theoretical formula
1 1
I cm1= ml 2= × 0.240× 0.6202=7.688 ×10−3(kg. m2/s)
12 12
The difference between theoretical and experimental numbers is:
¿ ¿ −3 −3 ¿
%σ = ¿ I cm1−I 1∨ I ×100(%) = ¿ 7.688 ×10 −7.718× 10 ∨ ¿
−3 ×100(%) =3.9%
cm1 7.688 ×10
2.The solid disk
2.1The value of vibration period
5

T 2= ∑
Ti
i=1 = 2.094 (s)
5

√∑
5
s.d (T i−T 2)2
△T 2 = S.D = = = 0.002 (s)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5
2.2 Moment of inertiathrough experiment
I 2= D z ¿ = 0.044 × ¿=4.889× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)
△ I 2=I 2 × √ ¿ ¿= 4.889 × 10−3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.009 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

¿> I 2 = (4.889 ± 0.009)× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

14
2.3 Moment of inertia through theoretical formula
2
1 2 1 0.220 −3
I cm2= m R = ×0.795 ×( ) =4.810× 10 (kg. m2/s)
2 2 2
The difference between theoretical and experimental numbers is:
¿ ¿ −3 −3 ¿
%σ = ¿ I cm2−I 2∨ I ×100(%) = ¿ 4.810 ×10 −4.889× 10 ∨ ¿
−3 ×100(%)=1.64%
cm 2 4.810× 10
3.The hollow cylinder
3.1 Supported disk
*The value of vibration period
5

T 3= ∑
Ti
i=1 = 0.322 (s)
5

√∑
5
s.d (T i−T 3)2
△T 3 = S.D = = =0.003 (s)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√ 5
* Moment of inertia through experiment
I 3= D z ¿ = 0.044 × ¿= 0.115 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)
△ I 3=I 3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.115 × 10−3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.002 × 10−3 (kg. m 2/s)

¿> I 3 = (0.115 ± 0.002)× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

3.2 Coupled object (supported disk and hollow cylinder)

*The value of vibration period
5

T 4= ∑
Ti
i=1 =1.132 (s)
5

√
5

△T 4 = S.D =
s.d
= ∑ (T i−T 4 )2 = 0.002 (s)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5
* Moment of inertia through experiment
I 4= D z ¿ = 0.044 × ¿= 1.428 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)
△ I 4=I 4 × √ ¿ ¿ = 1.428 × 10−3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.005 × 10−3 (kg. m 2/s)

¿> I 4 = (1.428 ± 0.005)× 10−3−3 (kg. m2 2/s)

¿> I = (1.313 ± 0.005)× 10 (kg. m /s)
3.3 Hollow cylinder
I =I 4 - I 3=¿1.428 × 10−3 −¿0.115 × 10−3 =1.313× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)
√
△I = ( △ I 4) +( △ I 3) = √ (0.005 ×10−3)2 +(0.002× 10−3 )2= 0.005 ×10−3 (kg. m2/s)
2 2

3.4 Moment of inertia through theoretical formula

0.089 2
I cm=m R2=0.780×( ) =1.545 ×10−3(kg. m2/s)
2

The difference between theoretical and experimental numbers is:

15
 ¿ −3 −3 ¿
%σ = ¿ I cm−I ∨ I cm ¿×100(%) = ¿ 1.545 ×10 −1.313× 10 ∨ 1.545 ×10−3 ¿ ×100(%)
=15.02%
4. The solid sphere
4.1 The value of vibration period
5

T 5= ∑
Ti
i=1 = 2.134 (s)
5

√∑
5
2
s.d (T i−T 5)
△T 5 = S.D = = = 0.001 (s)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5
4.2 Moment of inertia through experiment
I 5= D z ¿ = 0.044 × ¿= 5.077 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

△ I 5=I 5 × √ ¿ ¿= 5.077 × 10−3 × √ ¿ ¿= 0.005 × 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

¿> I 5 = I 5 ± △ I 5 = (5.077 ± 0.005)× 10−3 (kg. m2/s)

4.3 Moment of inertia through theoretical formula
2
2 2 2 0.146 −3
I cm5= m R = × 2.290×( ) =4.881 ×10 (kg. m2/s)
5 5 2
The difference between theoretical and experimental numbers is:
¿ ¿ −3 −3 ¿
%σ = ¿ I cm5−I 5∨ I ×100(%) = ¿ 4.881 ×10 −5.077 ×10 ∨ ¿
cm5 4.881× 10−3
×100(%)=4.06%

16
 Experimental Report 4

PENDULUM OSCILLATION WITH PC INTERFACE

Name: Lê Việt Hoàng
Student ID: 20185258
Class: 723667
Group: 03
1)Pendulum with vertical oscillation plan

L1= 0.400 (m) L2= 0.500 (m) L3= 0.600 (m)

Trial
T1 (s) T2 (s) T3 (s)
1 1.295 1.478 1.632
2 1.302 1.476 1.637
3 1.292 1.467 1.638
4 1.300 1.481 1.638
5 1.303 1.478 1.627

T 1=1.298 s
T 2=1.476 s T 3=1.634 s

√ √ √
5

∑ (T ¿ ¿ i1−T 1)2
5 5

Δ T 1= ⅈ=1
≈ 0.004(s)¿
∑ (T ¿ ¿ i2−T 2 ) 2
∑ (T ¿ ¿ i3−T 3 )2
ⅈ=1 l̇=1
5 ∆ T 2= Δ T 3=)¿
≈ 0.005(s ≈ 0.004 (s)¿
5 5

* Determination of the gravitational acceleration as a function of the

pendulum length:

√ ( )
2
l (s) → g=l 2 π ( m ∕ s2 )
T =2 π
Pendulum with vertical oscillation plane: g T

a.L1=0.400 (m)

( ) ( )
2 2
2π 2 ×3.141
=9.37 ( m ∕ s )
2
g1=L1 =0.400
T1 1.298
17
Δ g 1=g 1 ×
√( 2
T1 )
∆T 1 2
=9.37 4
1.298 √(
0.004 2
)2
=0.05 (m ∕ s )

2
Then, g1=9.37 ±0.05(m ∕ s )

Hence

g1=9.37 ±0.05(m ∕ s 2)

b.L2=0.5 00 (m)

g2=L2
( )
2π 2
T2
=0.500
1.476 (
2 ×3.141 2
)
=9.06 ( m ∕ s )
2

√( )
∆ T2 2
√( )
2
0.005
Δ g 2=g2 × 2 =9.06 4 =0.06( m ∕ s 2)
T2 1.476

Then, g2=9.06 ±0.06 (m ∕ s 2)

Hence

g2=9.06 ±0.06 (m ∕ s 2)

c.L3=0.600 (m)

g3=L3
( )
2π 2
T3
=0.600
1.634 (
2 ×3.141 2
)
=8.87 ( m ∕ s )
2

√( )
∆ T3 2
√( )
2
0.004 2
Δ g 3=g3 × 2 =8.87 4 =0.04(m ∕ s )
T3 1.634

Then, g3=8.87 ±0.04 (m ∕ s2 )

Hence
2
g3=8.87 ±0.04 (m ∕ s )

18
 2)Pendulum with inclined oscillation plan:
θ1=0° θ2=10° θ3 =20° θ 4=30 ° θ5 =60°
Tri
al T1 (s) T2 (s) T3 (s) T4 (s) T5 (s)
1 0.752 0.788 0.802 0.854 0.915
2 0.760 0.783 0.804 0.850 0.917
3 0.755 0.785 0.807 0.850 0.913
4 0.751 0.781 0.803 0.852 0.915
5 0.758 0.780 0.804 0.853 0.914
T 1=0.755 ( s ) T 2=0.783 ( s ) T 3=0.804 ( s ) T 4=0.852 ( s ) T 5=0.915 ( s )

√ √ √ √ √
5 5 5 5 5

∑ (T ¿ ¿ i1−T 1)
2
∑ (T ¿ ¿ i2−T 2 ) 2
∑ (T ¿ ¿ i3−T 3 )2
∑ (T ¿ ¿ i 4−T 4 ) ∑ (T ¿ ¿i 5−T 5 )2
2

ⅈ=1
Δ T 1= T 2= ⅈ=1(s) ¿
Δ =0.003 T 3= ⅈ=1 )¿
Δ =0.003(s ⅈ=1
Δ T =0.002(s)¿
4=
ⅈ=1
Δ 5==0.002(s) ¿ =
5 5 5 5 5

*Determination of the gravitational acceleration as a function of the

inclination of the pendulum force:

√ ( )
2
l l 2π (
m∕s )
2
Pendulum with inclined oscillation plane:T =2 π (s)→ g=
g cos θ cos θ T

l=0.140 ( m )

a.θ1=0o

( ) ( )
2 2
l 2π 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
g1= = =9.69(m ∕ s )
cos θ 1 T 1 cos O o
0.755

Δ g 1=g 1 ×
√(
−2
T1 )
∆ T1 2
=9.69 4
√(
0.003 2
0.755 ) 2
=0.077(m ∕ s )

Then, g1=9.69± 0.077( m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g1=9.69± 0.077( m ∕ s )

b. θ2=10o

19
 ( ) ( )
2 2
l 2π 0.140 2 ×3.141 2
g2= = =9.15(m ∕ s )
cos θ 2 T 2 cos 10 o
0.783

√( ∆ T2 2
) √( )
2
0.003
Δ g 2=g2 × −2 =9.15 4 =0.07( m ∕ s 2)
T2 0.783

Then, g2=9.15± 0.07 (m ∕ s 2)

Hence
2
g2=9.15± 0.07 (m ∕ s )

c.
θ3 =20 o

g3=
l
cos θ 3 T 3( )
=
cos 20
o (
2 π 2 0.140 2× 3.141 2
0.804 )
=9.10(m ∕ s 2)

√( ∆T3 2
) √( )
2
0.002
Δ g 3=g3 × −2 =9.10 4 =0.04(m ∕ s 2)
T3 0.804

Then, g3=9.10 ±0.04 (m ∕ s2 )

Hence

g3=9.10 ±0.04 (m ∕ s2 )

d. θ 4=3 0 o

g4 =
l
cos θ4 T 4( )
=
cos 30o
0.852 (
2 π 2 0.140 2× 3.141 2 2
)
=8.79(m ∕ s )

Δ g 4=g 4 ×
√(
−2
T4 )
∆T4 2
=8.79 4
√(
0.002 2
0.852 ) 2
=0.04 (m ∕ s )

2
Then, g4 =8.79 ± 0.04(m ∕ s )

20
Hence

g4 =8.79 ± 0.04( m ∕ s2 )

e. θ5 =60o

g5=
l
( )
cos θ 5 T 5
= (
2 π 2 0.140 2× 3.141 2
cos 60 o
0.915 )
=8.64 (m ∕ s 2)

√( ∆T5 2
) √( )
2
0.001 2
Δ g 5=g5 × −2 =8.64 4 =0.01(m ∕ s )
T5 0.915

2
Then, g5=8.64 ± 0.01(m ∕ s )

Hence
2
g5=8.64 ± 0.01(m ∕ s )

21
 Experimental Report 5
DETERMINATION OF MOMENT OF INERTIA BASED ON
TORSIONAL VIBRATION
Name: Lê Việt Hoàng
Student ID: 20185258
Class: 723667
Group: 03

1) Measurement of force (F)

a.
φ 1=10 ∘

Trial τ 1 =F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 0.33 0.033
0.100
2 0.39 0.039

3 0.38 0.038

4 0.40 0.040

5 0.39 0.039

τ 1 =0.038 ( N . m )

√∑
5
Δ τ 1= ¿¿¿¿
i=1

22
b. ∘
φ 2=2 0

Trial τ 2=F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 0.76 0.076
0.100
2 0.77 0.077

3 0.74 0.074

4 0.79 0.079

5 0.73 0.073

τ 2=0.076 ( N.m )

√∑
5
Δ τ 2= ¿¿¿¿
i=1

c. ∘
φ 3=3 0

Trial τ 3 =F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 1.25 0.125
0.100
2 1.28 0.128

3 1.27 0.127

4 1.28 0.128

5 1.26 0.126

23
 τ 3=0.127 ( N.m )

√∑
5
Δ τ 3= ¿¿¿¿
i=1

c. ∘
φ 4=4 0

Trial τ 4=F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 1.44 0.144
0.100
2 1.47 0.147

3 1.49 0.149

4 1.42 0.142

5 1.42 0.142

τ 4=0.145 ( N.m )

√
5
Δ τ4= ∑ ¿ ¿¿ ¿
i=1

c.
φ 5=5 0∘

Trial τ 5 =F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 1.84 0.184
0.100
2 1.86 0.186

3 1.87 0.187

4 1.85 0.185

5 1.83 0.183

24
 τ 5=0.185 ( N.m )

√∑
5
Δ τ 5= ¿¿¿¿
i=1

c. ∘
φ 6=6 0

Trial τ 6=F.r (N.m)

R (m) F (N)

1 2.24 0.224
0.100
2 2.20 0.220

3 2.18 0.218

4 2.20 0.220

5 2.23 0.223

τ 6=0.221 ( N.m )

√
5
Δ τ 6= ∑ ¿¿¿¿
i=1

* Graph showing the relationship of torsion on deflection angle φ

𝝉 (N.m)

25
 0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
π/18 π/9 π/6 9π/2 18π/5 π/3

Θ(rad)

2) Determination of the torsion modulus D τ based on the graph

Using the above graph, we can see that the “best fit” line passes through the points (10; 0.057)
and (30; 0.184)

Δτ 0.221−0.038
Δϕ
= Dτ =
( 60−10 ) ×
2π
=0.21 N .
m
( )
rad Similarly, we see on the two
360
+ ¿¿ −¿¿
blurred line, we can estimate the D τ and D τ
+ ¿=
0.224 −0.040
2π
( 60−10 ) ×
=0.211 N . (
m
rad
¿ ) m-
Dτ 360

−¿=
0.218−0.038
2π
( 60−10 ) ×
=0.206 N . (
m
rad
¿ )
Dτ 360

( )
−¿
τ 0.362−0.360 m
+¿−ΔD = =0.002 N . ¿
2 2 rad
ΔDτ =Δ Dτ ¿

Hence:

26
 Dτ =0.21 ±0.002 N . ( m
rad )❑

3) Measurement of vibration period (T): θ=60 °

Trial 1 2 3 4 5
T(s) 1.183 1.178 1.177 1.180 1.185

√
5

T ❑ =1.181 ( s ) ∑ ( T ⅈ−T )2
i=1
Δ T ❑= =0.003 ( s )
5

*Calculation of the moment of inertia of the long rod

√ Iz
( )
2
T
We have: T =2 π ⇒ I z=Dτ ×
Dτ 2π

( ) ( )
2 2
T 1.181 −3 2
I z =D τ × =0.21 × =7.42× 1 0 (kg m )
2π 2× π

√( )( )
Δ Dτ 2
√( ) ( )
2 2 2
ΔT −3 0.003 0.002 −3 2
Δ I z=I z 2 + =7.42 ×1 0 × 2 + =0.08 ×1 0 (kg m )
T Dτ 1.181 0.21

Hence:

−3 2
I z =(7.42 ± 0.08) ×1 0 ( kg m )

27
Experiment 6: DETERMINATION OF SOUND WAVELENGTH
AND VELOCITY USING STANDING WAVE PHENOMENON
Full name: Lê Việt Hoàng Verification of instructor
Student ID: 20185258
Class number: 723667
Group: 03

I. Experimental result

Frequency (Hz) Trial L1 (mm) L2 (mm) d= L2−L1 (mm)

1 149 496 347

2 150 495 345
f 1=500( Hz) 3 149 497 348
4 151 495 344
5 153 499 346

Frequency (Hz) Trial L1 (mm) L2 (mm) d= L2−L1 (mm)

1 123 414 291

2 122 414 292
f 2=600( Hz) 3 123 412 289
4 124 413 289
5 120 410 290

Frequency (Hz) Trial L1 (mm) L2 (mm) d= L2−L1 (mm)

1 89 340 251
2 93 344 251
f 3=700(Hz) 3 91 344 253
4 94 343 249
5 93 342 249

II. Data calculation

28
 1. Frequency: f 1=500( Hz)
5

d =∑
di
i=1 ≈ 346 (mm)
5

√∑
5
2
s.d (d i−d❑)
△d = S.D = = ≈ 0.6 (mm)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5
1.1 Wavelength of sound
λ=2 d=2 × 346 = 692 (mm) = 0.692 (m)

√ √
2 2
△ 𝜆 = λ × ( △ d ) = 0.692 × ( 0.0006 ) ≈ 0.001 (m)
d 0.346
Therefore: 𝜆 = λ ± △ 𝜆 = 0.692 ± 0.001
(m)

1.2 Speed of sound

v=λ × f =¿0.692 × 500 = 346 (m/s)

√ √
2 2
△ v = v × ( △ λ ) = 346 × ( 0.001 ) ≈ 0.5 (m/s)
λ 0.692
Therefore: v = v ± △ v = 346.0 ± 0.5
(m/s)

2. Frequency: f 2=600( Hz)

5

d = ∑ i = 290
d
i=1 (mm)
5

√∑
5
2
s.d (d i−d)
△d = S.D = = = 0.5 (mm)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5
2.1 Wavelength of sound
λ=2 d=2 × 290 = 580 (mm) = 0.580 (m)

√ √
2 2
△ 𝜆 = λ × ( △ d ) = 0.580 × ( 0.0005 ) ≈ 0.001 (m)
d 0.290
Therefore: 𝜆 = λ ± △ 𝜆 = 0.580 ± 0.001
(m)
29
 II.2 Speed of sound
v=λ × f =¿0.580 × 600 = 348 (m/s)

√ √
2 2
△ v = v × ( △ λ ) = 348 × ( 0.001 ) ≈ 0.6 (m/s)
λ 0.580
Therefore: v = v ± △ v = 348.0 ± 0.6
(m/s)

3.Frequency: f 3=700( Hz)

5

d =∑
di
i=1 ≈ 250 (mm)
5

√∑
5
2
s.d (d i−d)
△d = S.D = = ≈ 0.7 (mm)
√5 i =1

√ 5∗√5

3.1 Wavelength of sound

λ=2 d=2 × 250 = 500 (mm) = 0.500 (m)

√ √
2 2
△ 𝜆 = λ × ( △ d ) = 0.500 × ( 0.0007 ) ≈ 0.001 (m)
d 0.250
Therefore: 𝜆 = λ ± △ 𝜆 = 0.500 ± 0.001
(m)
3.2. Speed of sound
v=λ × f =¿0.500 × 700 = 350 (m/s)

√ √
2 2
△ v = v × ( △ λ ) = 350 × ( 0.001 ) ≈ 0.7 (m/s)
λ 0.500
Therefore: v = v ± △ v = 350 ± 0.7 (m/s)

III. The theoretical speed of sound at a temperature T

At room temperature T = 29ºC:

30
 √
v = v 0 × √ 1+α ×T =332 × 1+
29
273
≈ 349 (m/s)

We can see that three experimental velocities that calculated above are
approximate the theoretical value.

31