ETHANIEL RAM O.

RAMOS MARCH 3, 2023

BSEESEP-T-2A-T ELECTRICAL MACHINE 1

PARALLEL OPERATIONS OF DC GENERATORS

1. What are the main reasons for connecting DC generators in parallel?

DC power plants typically use multiple small generators connected in parallel rather than
a single large generator to supply electricity. This is known as parallel operation of DC
generators. Several factors lead to these reasons: First is service continuity, if the power system
uses a single huge generator, if one of the plants fails, the entire plant will be shut down. Yet, if
power is supplied by a number of small units working in parallel, the supply can be maintained
in parallel even if one unit fails. Additional strong units keep it going. Second is efficiency,
generators run most effectively when fully loaded. As a result, when power plant load demand
falls, one or more generators can be switched off while the remaining units are efficiently
loaded. Third is repair and maintenance: Generators, in general, require routine maintenance
and repair. As a result, when running generators in parallel, routine or emergency operations
can be carried out by isolating the damaged generator while other units provide the load. As a
result, both safety and cost savings are realized. Fourth is raising plant capacity, with an ever-
increasing population, the usage of electricity is on the rise. When additional capacity is
necessary, the new unit can simply be paralleled with the existing units. Lastly is the non-
availability of a single huge unit, there may not always be a single large unit available. The load
needed can thus be supplied by running a number of smaller units at the same time. A single
huge unit is frequently more expensive.

2. What are the DC generator requirements and procedures when connecting DC

generators in parallel?

In Parallel Operation of DC Shunt Generator, positive and negative terminals of the

two generators must be linked to positive and negative terminals of the bus bar in order to
connect them in parallel. The terminals of the bus bar, which is a substantial copper bar, serve
as the terminals of an entire power plant. The image below displays the connection diagram for
the DC shunt generator operating in parallel.
 The bus bar in this location is connected across the armature of generator 1. It also
serves to supply the load. We must now link generator 2 to this system. To do that, generator 2
must be connected using the same polarity. Otherwise, a severe short circuit will happen,
causing generators to sustain irreparable damage. Switch S is open before connecting
generator 2. The switch is attached to a voltmeter. The armature of generator 2 is first cranked
up to the generator's rated speed. Generator 2's excitation is adjusted until the voltmeter reads
zero. When the reading is zero, the terminal voltage is the same as the voltage of the bus bar or
generator 1. As a result, after switching off switch S, generators 2 and 1 are coupled in parallel.
Nevertheless, generator 2 is not being loaded. because the bus bar voltage and the induced
EMF of generator 2 are same. Hence, the same potential difference does not allow for the flow
of current. Generator 2 is referred to as a floating generator in the system under these
circumstances. Generator 2 must provide an induced EMF greater than the bus bar voltage.
Generator 2 delivers the load in this scenario.

In Parallel Operation of DC Compound Generator, the connection schematic for two

compound generators linked in parallel is illustrated in the image below.

The properties of the compound generator are rising. As a result, the parallel functioning
of DC compound generators is unstable in the absence of any corrective mechanisms. Each
generator begins by taking on the same amount of load. Due to some factor, if generator-1's
series field winding current grows, this intensifies its field even more. This causes its generated
EMF to increase and its load to increase.
 We made the load a constant assumption for this process. As a result, generator-2's
load share decreases, weakening its series field. This causes its load to decrease. After some
time, generator 1 takes on the whole load due to this cumulative impact. Generator 2 also
functions as a motor. Any generator will trip its circuit breaker in this circumstance and cease
functioning. We need to apply a corrective device with this system in order to stabilize this
operation. The armature end of the series windings is connected to the equalizer bar in this
parallel operation. The equalization bar is a low resistance conductor. Over-compound and
level-compound generators use it to stabilize operation.

In Parallel Operation of DC Series Generator, the graphic below shows the connecting
schematic for two DC series generators operating in parallel.

Here, we assume that the two

generators are identical and that they
both carry an equal amount of load. But for
whatever reason, generator-1's
generated EMF is raised (E1 > E2).
Generator current I1 is higher than I2 in this
situation. As a result, generator-1's series
field is strengthened. and the weakening of generator 2's series field.

This process builds upon itself. In the end, generator 1 will handle the entire load while
generator 2 acts as a motor. Similar to the compound motor, an equalizer bar will be used to
solve this issue. Two machines transmit almost identical currents to the load as a result of this.

3. Two Generators A and B are connected to a common load. Generator A had a constant
EMF of 400 volts and internal resistance of 0.25 ohms while B has a constant EMF of 410
volts and an internal resistance of 0.4 ohms. Calculate the current and power output from
each generator if the load voltage is 390 volts. What would be the current and power from
each and the terminal voltage if the load was open circuited.

References:

http://docplayer.net/35379798-D-c-generator-characteristics.html

https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/2014/03/parallel-operation-of-dc-generators.html

http://tayyabsiddiqui19.blogspot.com/p/parallel-operation-of-dc-generators.html

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/12/parallel-operation-of-dc-generators.html

https://www.2braces.com/electrical/parallel-operation-dc-generators