Now, please, study grammar material, answer the test questions given after it and then make the

following exercises: you can either print them, fill in and send the screened pages to your teacher
or just make all the exercises by hand, screen and send to your teacher

Compound anatomical terms and their structure

Attributes expressed by nouns in the Genitive case

A term is a word or a word combination used to express a specific concept in some fields of
science, technology or art. Most Latin terms used in medicine consist of a noun – the nucleus of a term
– and one or several attributes. An attribute is a word or phrase syntactically subordinate to another
word (noun) that it modifies; it may be non-agreed (nouns in the Genitive and not depending on the
form of the nucleus), or agreed (adjectives, corresponding with the nucleus in number, gender and
case).

Thus, the non-agreed attribute answers the question of what? and it is expressed by a noun in the
Genitive case, singular or plural: a noun in Nom. + a noun in Gen., e.g.: angulus sterni – angle of the
sternum; collum costae – neck of the scapula.

NB: In some cases, an attribute can be translated into English with an adjective, e.g.: cavum tympani –
tympanic cavity; cavitas oris – oral cavity, etc.

Exercise 1. Translate the following phrase into English:

apex linguae – canālis radīcis dentis –

The answer: The answer:
corpus tibiae – tuber maxillae –
The answer: The answer:
basis cranii – processus radii –
The answer: The answer:
crista tubercŭli – nervus encephăli –
The answer: The answer:
caput radii – arcus vertebrae –
The answer: The answer:
ligamentum patellae – raphe palate –
The answer: The answer:
facies tubercŭli costae – angŭlus faciēi nasi –
The answer: The answer:
septum nasi – cervix vesīcae –
The answer: The answer:

Exercise 2. Complete the dictionary forms of the nouns:

labium, tubercŭlum, cornu,

radius, apex, costa,
tuber, sulcus, corpus,
sinus, forāmen, basis,
patella arcus, canālis,
nasus, dens, mandibŭla,
radix, caput, encephălon,
Exercise 3. Find the correct dictionary forms of the words and their translation (Ex: patella, ae
f). Learn these words by heart

ala, crista, processus,

angulus, capsula, pulpa,

basis, dens, radius,

apex, fibula, scapula,

arcus, gallus, sella,

canalis, humerus, septum,

caput, lingua, spina,

clavicula, mandibula, sulcus,

collum, nasus, tonsilla,

corpus, patella, tuberculum,

costa, pediculus, vertebra,

Exercise 4. Write the correct declension of the words:

fossa, ae f _____; ganglion, i n______; sinus, us m_______; caput, ĭtis n________; membrum, i
n_______; articulatio, ōnis f______; hiātus, us m______; squama, ae f______; margo, ĭnis m_____;
dorsum, i n_____; radius, i m______; ductus, us m______; axis, is m_______; coccyx, ygis m______;
rectum, i n______; os, ossis n______; oesophăgus, i m______; auris, is f_______.

Exercise 5. Write out the correct dictionary forms of the nouns and determine their stems:

ligamēntum vértĕbra línĕa alvéŏlus tuberositas, atis f

Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg-

Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing-

stem- stem- stem- stem- stem-

os, ampúlla cavĭtas éczĕma corpus, oris n

Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg-

Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing-

stem- stem- stem- stem- stem-

pólўpus digitus, i m arcus, us m dens, dentis m tuba

Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg-
Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing-

stem- stem- stem- stem- stem-

articulatio, diaphragma, tempus, cervix, acromĭon,

Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg- Nom. Sg-

Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing- Gen.sing-

stem- stem- stem- stem- stem-

Please, find the dictionary forms of the following words and memorize them
ala, crista, processus,
angulus, capsula, pulpa,
basis, is dens, radius,
apex, fibula, scapula,
arcus, gallus, sella,
canalis, humerus, septum,
caput, lingua, spina,
clavicula, mandibula, sulcus,
collum, nasus, tonsilla,
corpus, patella, tuberculum,
costa, pediculus, vertebra,