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EXPONENTS &
RADICALS
PRESENTATION BY: WENDY R. CELESTRA

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 RECALL
Exponential expressions are
expressions in the form 𝒃𝒏 where
b is the base and n is the
exponent.
 RECALL
There are exponential expressions
with fractional exponents. These are
expressions with rational exponents.
𝒎
They are in the form 𝒃 where b is
𝒏

the base, m is the numerator of the

exponent and n is the denominator.
 WHAT TO KNOW
• What are radicals?
• How are radicals related to
exponential expressions?
• How do we write exponential
expressions in radical form and
vice versa?
 RADICALS
Radical expressions are
𝒏
expressions in the form 𝒃𝒎
𝒎
where 𝒃 is the radicand and n is
the index or order of the radical.
 RADICAND
Radicand is a number or an
expression inside the radical
symbol and m is the exponent of
the radicand.
 INDEX

Index indicates the degree of the

radical such as square root, cube
root, fourth root, and so on.
POWERS TO ROOTS

2
3 2
1) 𝑥 3 𝑥
EXPONENTIAL TO RADICAL

𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
𝑏 𝑛 𝑏
EXPONENTIAL TO RADICAL

𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
𝑏 𝑛 𝑏
EXPONENTIAL TO RADICAL

𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
𝑏 𝑛 𝑏
EXPONENTIAL TO RADICAL

𝑚
𝑛 𝑚
𝑏 𝑛 𝑏
 POWERS TO ROOTS

1
2) 3 2 31 3
 POWERS TO ROOTS

2
3 2 3
3) 3 3 3 9
 POWERS TO ROOTS

3
5 5
4) (2𝑛)
5 23 𝑛3 8𝑛3
 POWERS TO ROOTS

3
4 4
5) 5𝑥 4 5∙ 𝑥3 5 𝑥3
 POWERS TO ROOTS

3
3 4 4 33 4 27
6) 2𝑝2 23 𝑝 2 3 8𝑝6
We can apply this to help us evaluate
some exponential expressions that
involve perfect squares, cubes,
and/or roots.
 WORKSHEET 2.8

The First Man to Orbit the Earth

(one whole sheet of paper)
page 259, Mathematics Learner’s
Material 9
20
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SIMPLIFYING
RADICALS
PRESENTATION BY: WENDY R. CELESTRA

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LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒏 𝒏
A. 𝒂 =𝒂
LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒏 𝒏
A. 𝒂 =𝒂
𝟑 𝟑
Example: 𝟒 =𝟒
LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
B. 𝒂𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃
 LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
B. 𝒂𝒃 = 𝒂 𝒃
Example: 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓 ∙ 𝟐 = 𝟓 𝟐
LAWS OF RADICALS
𝒏
𝒏 𝒂 𝒂
C. = 𝒏 ,𝒃>𝟎
𝒃 𝒃
 LAWS OF RADICALS
𝒏
𝒏 𝒂 𝒂
C. = 𝒏 ,𝒃>𝟎
𝒃 𝒃
𝟑
𝟑 𝟖 𝟖 𝟐
Example: = 𝟑 =
𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟑 𝒙
 LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒎 𝒏 𝒎𝒏 𝒏 𝒎
D. 𝒂= 𝒂= 𝒂
 LAWS OF RADICALS

𝒎 𝒏 𝒎𝒏 𝒏 𝒎
D. 𝒂= 𝒂= 𝒂
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Example: 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟑
20
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Simplifying Radicals
by Removing Perfect
nth Roots/Powers
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Removing Perfect nth Powers
Break down the radicand into
perfect and nonperfect nth
powers and apply the second law
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
of radicals: 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏
EXAMPLE 1:

Simplify: 𝟓𝟎
EXAMPLE 2:

𝟑 𝟓
Simplify: 𝒚
 EXAMPLE 3:

𝟒
Simplify: 𝟑𝟐𝒂𝟔 𝒃𝟗
 EXAMPLE 4:

Simplify: 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟐 𝒏𝟓 𝒐
 EXAMPLE 5:

𝟑
Simplify: 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝒚𝟏𝟎 𝒛𝟐
20
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Simplifying Radicals
by Reducing the
Index to the Lowest
Possible Order
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 Reducing the Index to the
Lowest Possible Order
Express the radical into an
expression with a rational exponent,
then simplify the exponent or apply
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
the property 𝑎= 𝑎= 𝑎.
 EXAMPLE 1:

𝟐𝟎
Simplify: 𝟑𝟐𝒎𝟏𝟓 𝒏𝟓
 EXAMPLE 2:

𝟏𝟔
Simplify: 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟐 𝒚𝟖
 EXAMPLE 3:

𝟏𝟎
Simplify: 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟖 𝒅𝟔
20
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Simplifying Radicals
by Rationalizing the
Denominator
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Rationalizing the Denominator

Rationalization is the process of

removing the radical sign in the
denominator.
EXAMPLE 1:

𝟓
Simplify:
𝟒
EXAMPLE 2:

𝟐
Simplify:
𝟑
EXAMPLE 3:

𝟑
Simplify:
𝟓𝒚
EXAMPLE 4:

𝟑 𝟒
Simplify:
𝟑𝒚
EXAMPLE 5:

𝟑 𝟑
Simplify:
𝟒𝒅𝟐
20
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Additional examples
(simplifying radicals)

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Simplify the following:
𝟑
1) 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟕 𝒚𝒛𝟑
𝟏𝟓
2) 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟗 𝒄𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟓𝒚
3) 𝟔𝒙𝟑
 WORKSHEET 2.9

The First Man to Orbit the Earth

(one whole sheet of paper)
page 259, Mathematics Learner’s
Material 9
20
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