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Male
Reproductive
System

Primary Sex External

Organ Secondary Sex Genitalia
Organ
TESTES PENIS

Associated
Ducts
Glands
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Secondary
Sex organs

Associated
Duct System
Glands

Vasa Seminal Prostrate Bulbourethral

Rete testes Epididymis Vas deferens
efferentia vesicle gland gland
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Female
reproductive
system

Secondary
Primary Sex Sex Organ
Organ External Mammary
DUCT Genitalia gland
OVARIES SYSTEM

FALLOPIAN
TUBE UTERUS VAGINA
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• Spermatogenesis starts at the age of

puberty due to significant increase in the
secretion of gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)
• Increased levels of GnRH then acts at the
anterior pituitary gland and stimulates
secretion of two gonadotropins – luteinising
hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH).
• LH acts at the Leydig cells and stimulates
synthesis and secretion of androgens
(testosterone from testes) - stimulate the
process of spermatogenesis.
• FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete
factors which promote spermiogenesis
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 Reproductive cycle of female primates - repeats every 28 to 32 days

 Begins when a female reaches the age of Puberty – MENARCHE – 10 to 14
 Ceases at 50 years of age – MENOPAUSE
 3 stages : Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, luteal phase.
 MENSTRUAL PHASE :
 Periodic discharge of blood, tissue, fluid and mucus from the reproductive organs of sexually mature female.
 Discharge lasts for 3-5 days each month – caused by sudden decline in hormones – Estrogen &
progesterone.
 Breakdown of endometrial lining of uterus & associated blood vessels – vaginal discharge of unfertilized
egg and soft tissues– indicative of failed pregnancy
 Before the menstrual phase, the uterus endometrium prepares itself for implantation of a fertilized egg – if
fertilization does not occur, the uterus lining is shed from the body.
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BQ: Describe how the changing levels of FSH, LH and progesterone during menstrual cycle induce changes in the ovary and the uterus
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Reproduction
female.
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