STEM2 BASIC CALCULUS (ANSWER KEY)

10. Students were tasked to solve the limit of the function,

1. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 10 as x approaches -2? 2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10
lim . Who answered the limit correctly?
𝑥→+∞ 5𝑥 2 −6
A. 𝑓(−2) = 5(−22 ) + 10 = 5(−4) + 10 = −20 + 10 = −10 2𝑥2 3𝑥
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10 + −10
B. 𝑓(−2) = 5(−2)2 + 10 = 5(4) + 10 = 20 + 10 = 30 A. Meg: lim = 𝑥2 𝑥2
=
2
5𝑥 2 −6 5𝑥2 6 5
𝑥→+∞
C. 𝑓(−2) = (5 ∙ −2)2 + 10 = −102 + 10 = −100 + 10 = 90 −
𝑥2 𝑥2

D. 𝑓(−2) = (5 ∙ −2)2 + 10 = (−10)2 + 10 = 100 + 10 = 110

2𝑥2 3𝑥 10
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10 + − 2
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
B. Renz: lim = =
2. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 6 as x approaches 5? 𝑥→+∞ 5𝑥 2 −6 5𝑥2 6
− 5
𝑥2 𝑥2
A. 𝑓(5) = −52 + 10(5) − 6 = −25 + 50 − 6 = 19
B. 𝑓(5) = −52 + 10(5) − 6 = −25 + 50 − 6 = 69 2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10 2(+∞)2 +3(+∞)−10
C. Marie: lim = =0
C. 𝑓(5) = (−5)2 + 10(5) − 6 = 25 + 50 − 6 = 19 𝑥→+∞ 5𝑥 2 −6 5(+∞)2 −6
D. 𝑓(5) = (−5)2 + 10(5) − 6 = 25 + 50 − 6 = 69
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥−10 2(+∞)2 +3(+∞)−10
D. Jess: lim = = +∞
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2 𝑥→+∞ 5𝑥 2 −6 5(+∞)2 −6
3. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = as x approaches -1?
𝑥+1
𝑘
A. undefined B. – 1 C. 0 D. 1 Theorem: lim = 0 ; get the highest exponent, divide each
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 𝑟
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+1) term by the highest exponent, simplify, then finalize answer
Solution: 𝑓(𝑥) = = 𝑥+2
𝑥+1
lim (𝑥 + 2) = −1 + 2 = 1
𝑥→−1
11. Which of the following graph is continuous?
A. B.
3𝜋
4. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 3𝑥 as x approaches ?
4
A. - 1 B. 1 C. 3 D. – 3

3𝜋 9𝜋
Solution: Input in calculator -> tan (3 ∗ ) = tan ( ) = 1
4 4
(Calculator must be in Radian Form)
C. D.
5. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥+5 as x approaches 2?
A. 9 B. 32 C. 64 D. 128

Solution: 22+5 = 27 = 128

A graph with no hole, no cut, no jump is continuous.

1
6. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 as x approaches 0+ ?
𝑥
A. undefined B. 1 C. +∞ D. −∞
12. Which of the following is discontinuous function?
Theorem: lim+
1
= +∞ A. C.
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑟

1
7. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = 11 as x approaches 0− ?
𝑥
A. undefined B. 1 C. +∞ D. −∞

1 +∞, 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 B. D.
Theorem: lim− ={
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑟 −∞, 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
Since r = 11, odd, then the answer is − ∞

1
8. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 as x approaches 0− ?
𝑥
A. undefined B. 1 C. +∞ D. −∞ A graph with a cut, jump, or a hole is a discontinuous graph.

1 +∞, 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
Theorem: lim− ={ 13. Which of the following graph have a removable discontinuity?
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑟 −∞, 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
A. B.
Since r = 8, even, then the answer is + ∞

9. What is the correct explanation for finding the limit of the

𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
function 𝑓(𝑥) = as x approaches 4?
𝑥−4
0 C. D.
A. undefined, because substituting 4 to x variable gives 𝑓(4) = .
0

B. 5, because substituting 4 to x variable gives 𝑓(4) = 5.

C. 0, because substituting 4 to x variable gives 𝑓(4) = 0.
D. 4, because using two-sided limit, the function approaches 4.
A graph that is discontinuous at just one point is called a graph with
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+1) removable discontinuity.
Solution: 𝑓(𝑥) = = 𝑥 + 1 ---> 4 + 1 = 5
𝑥−4
14. Which of the following best describes the graph?
21. What is the fourth derivative of
A. The graph is continuous.
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10?
B. The graph is discontinuous at (2,3).
A. 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 240𝑥 + 72 C. 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 240𝑥
C. The graph is discontinuous at (2,4). 4 (𝑥) 2
D. The graph is essential discontinuity. B. 𝑓 = 120𝑥 + 72𝑥 − 24 D. 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 120𝑥 + 72

Solution: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(5𝑥 4 ) + 3(4𝑥 3 ) − 4(3𝑥 2 ) − 5(2𝑥) + 6 − 0

Look at the coordinate wherein the graph is discontinuous.
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 10𝑥 4 + 12𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 6
𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 10(4𝑥 3 ) + 12(3𝑥 2 ) − 12(2𝑥) − 10 + 0
15. Which of the following is the derivative of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 27 using the slope definition? 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 40𝑥 3 + 36𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 − 10
3(𝑥+ℎ)2 −27−3𝑥 2 −27 𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 40(3𝑥 2 ) + 36(2𝑥) − 24 − 0
A. 𝑚 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

3(𝑥+ℎ)2 −27−[3𝑥 2 +27]

𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 120𝑥 2 + 72𝑥 − 24
B. 𝑚 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 120(2𝑥) + 72 − 0
3(𝑥+ℎ)2 −27+(3𝑥−27)
C. 𝑚 = lim 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 240𝑥 + 72
ℎ→0 ℎ

3(𝑥+ℎ)2 −27−(3𝑥 2 −27)

D. 𝑚 = lim 22. What is the second derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 7 cos 𝑥?
ℎ→0 ℎ
A. 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 7 sin 𝑥 C. 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 7 sin 𝑥
Using the slope definition of a limit B. 𝑓 2 (𝑥) 𝑥
= 𝑒 − 7 cos 𝑥 D. 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 7 cos 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − [𝑓(𝑥)]
𝑚 = lim Solution: 𝑑′ (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑑′ (cos 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 ; 𝑑′ (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 7(− sin 𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 7 sin 𝑥
𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 7 cos 𝑥
16. What is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10?
A. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 14𝑥 2 + 3 C. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 14𝑥 + 3𝑥
′ D. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 14𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
B. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 14𝑥 + 3 23. What is the derivative of 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑦 2 = 5𝑥 using implicit
differentiation?
Solution: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 7(2𝑥) + 3 − 0 = 14𝑥 + 3 A.
𝑑𝑦
=
5−6𝑥 2
C.
𝑑𝑦
=
5+6𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 −6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 −6𝑦

𝑑𝑦 5−6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 5+6𝑥 2
B. = D. =
17. What is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥? 𝑑𝑥 6𝑦 𝑑𝑥 6𝑦
A. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 C. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2 cos 𝑥
′ 𝑥
B. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 + cos 𝑥 D. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 2 + 2 cos 𝑥 Solution: 2(3𝑥 2 ) − 3(2𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = 5
6𝑥 2 − 6𝑦𝑦 ′ = 5
Solution: 𝑑′ (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑑′ (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 −6𝑦𝑦 ′ = 5 − 6𝑥 2
5 − 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 2(cos 𝑥) = 𝑒 2 + 2 cos 𝑥 𝑦′ = =
−6𝑦 𝑑𝑥

18. What is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 25)(3𝑥 + 10) using

product rule? 24. What is the derivative of 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2𝑦 2 using implicit
A. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 25)(3) + (2𝑥)(3𝑥 + 10) differentiation?
6𝑥𝑦 −6𝑥𝑦
B. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 25)(3) + (2𝑥)(3𝑥 + 10) A. 𝑦 ′ = 2 C. 𝑦 ′ = 2
3𝑥 −4𝑦 3𝑥 −4𝑦
C. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 25)(3𝑥) + (2𝑥)(3𝑥 + 10) 6𝑥𝑦 −6𝑥𝑦
B. 𝑦′ = D. 𝑦′ =
D. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 25)(3) + (𝑥 2 )(3𝑥 + 10) 3𝑥 2 +4𝑦 3𝑥 2 +4𝑦

Solution: Product rule -> 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) Solution: Use the product rule 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥; 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑦; 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑦′
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 25; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥; 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 10; 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 25)(3) + (2𝑥)(3𝑥 + 10) 3𝑥 2 (𝑦 ′ ) + 6𝑥(𝑦) = 4𝑦𝑦′
3𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦𝑦 ′ = −6𝑥𝑦

19. What is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) =

5𝑥+1
using quotient rule? 𝑦 ′ (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦) = −6𝑥𝑦
3𝑥−2
(3𝑥−2)(5)−(5𝑥+1)(3) (3𝑥−2)(3)−(5𝑥+1)(5) −6𝑥𝑦
A. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = C.𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (3𝑥−2)2 𝑦′ =
3𝑥−2 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦
(3)(5𝑥+1)−(5)(3𝑥−2) (3𝑥−2)(5)−(5𝑥+1)(3)
B. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = D.𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (3𝑥−2)2
3𝑥−2
25. Which of the following step/s is/are incorrect in finding the
𝑔(𝑥)𝑓′ (𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) cot 𝑥
Solution: Quotient Rule --> [𝑔(𝑥)]2 derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = using quotient rule?
csc 𝑥
Step 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = cot 𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = csc 2 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 1; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5; 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2; 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 3
(3𝑥 − 2)(5) − (5𝑥 + 1)(3) Step 2: 𝑔(𝑥) = csc 𝑥 ; 𝑔′ (𝑥) = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (csc 𝑥)(−csc2 𝑥)−(cot 𝑥)(− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥)
(3𝑥 − 2)2 Step 3: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (csc 𝑥)2

− csc3 𝑥−csc 𝑥 cot2 𝑥

20. What is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = cot (3𝑥 − 10) using chain rule? Step 4: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
csc2 𝑥
A. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10) (3) = csc 2 (9𝑥 − 30)
B. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10)(3) = 3 csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10) A. All steps are correct C. Step 1 only
C. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10) (3) = −csc 2 (9𝑥 − 30) B. Step 1 and 4 D. Step 3 and 4
D. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10)(3) = −3 csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10)
Step 1: 𝑑′ (cot 𝑥) = − csc 2 𝑥
Use chain rule: 𝑑′ (csc 𝑢) = − csc 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 ; 𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 10; 𝑑𝑢 = 3 Step 4:
− csc 3 𝑥 + csc 𝑥 cot 2 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10)(3) = −3 csc 2 (3𝑥 − 10) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
26. Which of the following step/s is/are incorrect in finding the 29. The edges of an ice cube is melting at a rate of 2 centimeters per
derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = csc(3𝑥 − 10)? minute. How quickly is the volume of the cube changing when the
Step 1: 𝑓 ′ (csc 𝑢) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 length of the edges is 5 centimeters? [𝑉 = 𝑠 3 ]
Step 2: Let 𝑓(csc(3𝑥 − 10)) ; 𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 10, 𝑑𝑢 = 3
Step 3: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − csc(3𝑥 − 10) cot (3𝑥 − 10)(3) A. The volume of the cube is changing at a rate of 150 cubic
Step 4: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − csc(3𝑥 − 10) cot(9𝑥 − 30) centimeter per minute.
B. The volume of the cube is changing at a rate of −150 cubic
A. All steps are correct B. Step 1 only
centimeter per minute.
C. Step 3 only D. Step 4 only
C. The volume of the cube is changing at a rate of 250 cubic
centimeter per minute.
D. The volume of the cube is changing at a rate of −250 cubic
27. Which of the following step/s is/are incorrect in finding the centimeter per minute.
2 2
derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 − cot(𝑥 2 )?
Step 1: Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 Solution: Given -> ds/dt = - 2 cm/minute (melting) s = 5cm
Step 2: 𝑑′ (𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢; 𝑑′ (𝑎𝑢 ) = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑑𝑢; 𝑉 = 𝑠3
𝑑′ (cot 𝑢) = − csc 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑠
2 2
Step 3: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥) + 5 𝑥 ln 5 (2𝑥) − csc 2 (𝑥 2 ) (2𝑥) = 3𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2 2
Step 4: 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑒 + 2𝑥 5 𝑥 ln(𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥 csc 2 (𝑥 2 )
′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑉
= 3(5)2 (−2) = 3(25)(−2) = −150
𝑑𝑡
A. All steps are correct B. Step 2 and 3
C. Step 2 and 4 D. Step 3 and 4
30. The radius of the cone is decreasing at a rate of 5 inches per
2 2
Step 3: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥) + 5 𝑥 ln 5 (2𝑥) − (− csc 2 (𝑥 2 ) (2𝑥)) minute and the height of the cone is increasing at a rate of 8 inches
2 2 per minute. What is the rate of change of the volume of the cone
Step 4: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑒 𝑥 ) + 2𝑥 5 𝑥 ln 5 + 2𝑥 csc 2 (𝑥 2 ) 1
when the radius is 10 inches and the height is 6 inches? [𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ]
3
28. Which of the following step is the reason that makes the solution
200𝜋
incorrect in finding the fifth derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 A. The volume of the cylinder is changing at a rate of cubic inches
3
making the final answer incorrect? per minute.
520𝜋
Step 1: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 B. The volume of the cylinder is changing at a rate of cubic inches
3
Step 2: 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − (− sin 𝑥) − (cos 𝑥) per minute.
= 𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 C. The volume of the cylinder is changing at a rate of −
200𝜋
cubic
3
Step 3: 𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − (sin 𝑥) inches per minute.
= 𝑒 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 D. The volume of the cylinder is changing at a rate of −
520𝜋
cubic
3
Step 4: 𝑓 4 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + (− sin 𝑥) − (cos 𝑥) inches per minute.
= 𝑒 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
Solution:
Step 5: 𝑓 5 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − (cos 𝑥)— sin 𝑥
Given -> dr/dt = - 5 in/min (decreasing) dh/dt = 8 in/min (increasing)
= 𝑒 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
1
r = 10 in h = 6 in 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3
A. Step 1 B. Step 2 C. Step 3 D. Step 4
Use product rule: 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
Step 3: Note -> 𝑑′ (cos 𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 1 1 𝑑𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟
Since the 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥, thus 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋𝑟 2 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝜋 (2𝑟 ) = 𝜋𝑟
3 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − (− sin 𝑥) 𝑑ℎ
𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = ℎ; 𝑔′ (𝑥) =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 1 2 𝑑ℎ 2 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋𝑟 ( ) + 𝜋𝑟 ( ) ℎ
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 1 2 1 2
= 𝜋(10)2 (8) + 𝜋𝑟(10)(−5)(6) = 𝜋(100)(8) − 𝜋(300)
𝑑𝑡 3 3 3 3
𝑑𝑉 800𝜋 600𝜋 200𝜋
= − =
𝑑𝑡 3 3 3