McMaster University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Assignment 4 – Model Answer

Question 1 (50 Marks)
(a) No Axial Loads (20 Marks)
𝜆=1
[1] Calculate dv … (2 Marks)
0.90 ∗ 550 = 495 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 495 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 600 = 432 𝑚𝑚
[2] Location of Critical Section Relative to the Beam Edge … (2 Marks)
𝑐
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 𝑑𝑣 = 0.4/2 + 0.495 = 0.695 𝑚
2
[3] Calculate Vf … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑓 = 350 − (350/4.5) ∗ 0.695 = 295.4 𝑘𝑁
[4] Calculate Vr_max … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑟_𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.25 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 804375 𝑁 = 804.375 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑓 → (𝑜𝑘)
[5] Calculate β and θ … (2 Marks)
𝐹𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝐹′𝑐 = 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and No axial Load
∴ 𝜃 = 35° 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝛽 = 0.18 (Simplified Method)
[6] Calculate Vc and Vc* … (2 Marks)

𝑉𝑐 = 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.18 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 91571.66 𝑁 = 91.57 𝑘𝑁

230
𝑉𝑐 ∗= ∗ 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 78266.37 𝑁 = 78.27 𝑘𝑁
1000 + 495
𝑉𝑓 > 𝑉𝑐 ∗→ (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑡. 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑)
[7] Calculate Vs … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑐 = 295.4 − 91.57 = 203.83 𝑘𝑁
[8] Stirrups Reinforcement … (2 Marks)
- Assume 10-M stirrups with two branches → 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ∗ 100 = 200 𝑚𝑚2
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡35
∴ 203.83 ∗ 103 = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ → 𝑆 = 235.8 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝑚𝑚
𝑆

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[9] Calculate Smax … (2 Marks)

𝑉𝑓 < 0.125 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 402187.5 𝑁 = 402.187 𝑘𝑁
0.70 ∗ 495 = 346.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { = 346.5 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 345 𝑚𝑚
600 𝑚𝑚
𝑆 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑜𝑘
[10] Calculate Vf_min … (2 Marks)
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡35
𝑉𝑓_𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 91571.66 + 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ = 230909.23 𝑁 = 230.91 𝑘𝑁
345
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Axial Tension of 200 kN (25 Marks)

𝜆=1
[1] Calculate dv … (2 Marks)
0.90 ∗ 550 = 495 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 495 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 600 = 432 𝑚𝑚
[2] Location of Critical Section Relative to the Beam Edge … (2 Marks)
𝑐
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 𝑑𝑣 = 0.4/2 + 0.495 = 0.695 𝑚
2
[3] Calculate Vf and Mf … (2 Marks)
𝑁𝑓 = +200 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 350 − (350/4.5) ∗ 0.695 = 295.4 𝑘𝑁
0.6952
𝑀𝑓 = 350 ∗ 0.695 − (350/4.5) ∗ = 224.47 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
[4] Calculate β and θ … (10 Marks)
𝐴𝑠 = 4 ∗ 500 = 2000 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆𝑧 = 𝑑𝑣 = 495 𝑚𝑚
35 ∗ 495
𝑆𝑧𝑒 = = 495 𝑚𝑚
15 + 20
(224.47 ∗ 106 /495) + 295.4 ∗ 103 + 0.5 ∗ 200 ∗ 103
Ɛ𝑥 = = 1.061 ∗ 10−3
2 ∗ (2 ∗ 105 ∗ 2000)
θ = 29 + 7000 ∗ 1.061 ∗ 10−3 = 36.43°
0.4 1300
β= −3
∗ = 0.134
1 + 1500 ∗ 1.061 ∗ 10 1000 + 495

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[6] Calculate Vc and Vc* … (2 Marks)

𝑉𝑐 = 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.134 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 67356.04 𝑁 = 67.36 𝑘𝑁

230
𝑉𝑐 ∗= ∗ 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 78266.37 𝑁 = 78.27 𝑘𝑁
1000 + 495
𝑉𝑓 > 𝑉𝑐 → (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑡. 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑)
[7] Calculate Vs … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑐 = 295.4 − 67.36 = 228.04 𝑘𝑁
[8] Stirrups Reinforcement … (3 Marks)
- Assume 10-M stirrups with two branches → 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ∗ 100 = 200 𝑚𝑚2
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡36.43
∴ 228.04 ∗ 103 = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ → 𝑆 = 199.98 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑚𝑚
𝑆
[9] Calculate Smax … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑓 < 0.125 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 402187.5 𝑁 = 402.187 𝑘𝑁
0.70 ∗ 495 = 346.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { = 346.5 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 345 𝑚𝑚
600 𝑚𝑚
𝑆 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑜𝑘
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) Axial Compression of 200 kN (25 Marks)

𝜆=1
[1] Calculate dv … (2 Marks)
0.90 ∗ 550 = 495 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 495 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 600 = 432 𝑚𝑚
[2] Location of Critical Section Relative to the Beam Edge … (2 Marks)
𝑐
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 𝑑𝑣 = 0.4/2 + 0.495 = 0.695 𝑚
2
[3] Calculate Vf and Mf … (2 Marks)
𝑁𝑓 = −200 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑓 = 350 − (350/4.5) ∗ 0.695 = 295.4 𝑘𝑁
0.6952
𝑀𝑓 = 350 ∗ 0.695 − (350/4.5) ∗ = 224.47 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[4] Calculate β and θ … (10 Marks)

𝐴𝑠 = 4 ∗ 500 = 2000 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆𝑧 = 𝑑𝑣 = 495 𝑚𝑚
35 ∗ 495
𝑆𝑧𝑒 = = 495 𝑚𝑚
15 + 20
(224.47 ∗ 106 /495) + 295.4 ∗ 103 − 0.5 ∗ 200 ∗ 103
Ɛ𝑥 = = 8.11 ∗ 10−4
2 ∗ (2 ∗ 105 ∗ 2000)
𝜃 = 29 + 7000 ∗ 8.11 ∗ 10−4 = 34.68°
0.4 1300
β= ∗ = 0.157
1 + 1500 ∗ 8.11 ∗ 10−4 1000 + 495
[6] Calculate Vc and Vc* … (2 Marks)

𝑉𝑐 = 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.157 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 79870.83 𝑁 = 79.87 𝑘𝑁

230
𝑉𝑐 ∗= ∗ 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 78266.37 𝑁 = 78.27 𝑘𝑁
1000 + 495
𝑉𝑓 > 𝑉𝑐 ∗→ (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑡. 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑)
[7] Calculate Vs … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑐 = 295.4 − 79.87 = 215.53 𝑘𝑁
[8] Stirrups Reinforcement … (3 Marks)
- Assume 10-M stirrups with two branches → 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ∗ 100 = 200 𝑚𝑚2
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡34.68
∴ 215.53 ∗ 103 = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ → 𝑆 = 225.71 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝑚𝑚
𝑆
[9] Calculate Smax … (2 Marks)
𝑉𝑓 < 0.125 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 402187.5 𝑁 = 402.187 𝑘𝑁
0.70 ∗ 495 = 346.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { = 346.5 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 345 𝑚𝑚
600 𝑚𝑚
𝑆 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑜𝑘

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part (a) No Axial Loads (Resolved using the general method for β and θ)
𝜆=1
[1] Calculate dv …
0.90 ∗ 550 = 495 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 495 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 600 = 432 𝑚𝑚
[2] Location of Critical Section Relative to the Beam Edge …
𝑐
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 𝑑𝑣 = 0.4/2 + 0.495 = 0.695 𝑚
2
[3] Calculate Vf …
𝑉𝑓 = 350 − (350/4.5) ∗ 0.695 = 295.4 𝑘𝑁
0.6952
𝑀𝑓 = 350 ∗ 0.695 − (350/4.5) ∗ = 224.47 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
[4] Calculate Vr_max …
𝑉𝑟_𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.25 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 804375 𝑁 = 804.375 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑓 → (𝑜𝑘)
[5] Calculate β and θ …
𝐴𝑠 = 4 ∗ 500 = 2000 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆𝑧 = 𝑑𝑣 = 495 𝑚𝑚
35 ∗ 495
𝑆𝑧𝑒 = = 495 𝑚𝑚
15 + 20
(224.47 ∗ 106 /495) + 295.4 ∗ 103 + 0.5 ∗ 0
Ɛ𝑥 = = 9.361 ∗ 10−4
2 ∗ (2 ∗ 105 ∗ 2000)
𝜃 = 29 + 7000 ∗ 9.361 ∗ 10−4 = 35.55°
0.4 1300
β= ∗ = 0.145
1 + 1500 ∗ 9.361 ∗ 10−4 1000 + 495
[6] Calculate Vc and Vc* …

𝑉𝑐 = 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.145 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 73766.06 𝑁 = 73.77 𝑘𝑁

230
𝑉𝑐 ∗= ∗ 0.65 ∗ 1 ∗ √40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 78266.37 𝑁 = 78.27 𝑘𝑁
1000 + 495
𝑉𝑓 > 𝑉𝑐 → (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑡. 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑)
[7] Calculate Vs …
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑐 = 295.4 − 73.77 = 221.63 𝑘𝑁

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[8] Stirrups Reinforcement …

- Assume 10-M stirrups with two branches → 𝐴𝑣 = 2 ∗ 100 = 200 𝑚𝑚2
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡35
∴ 221.63 ∗ 103 = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ → 𝑆 = 216.89𝑚𝑚 ≅ 215 𝑚𝑚
𝑆
[9] Calculate Smax …
𝑉𝑓 < 0.125 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 250 ∗ 495 = 402187.5 𝑁 = 402.187 𝑘𝑁
0.70 ∗ 495 = 346.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { = 346.5 𝑚𝑚 ≅ 345 𝑚𝑚
600 𝑚𝑚
𝑆 < 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑜𝑘
[10] Calculate Vf_min …
495 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑡35
𝑉𝑓_𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 91571.66 + 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 200 ∗ = 230909.23 𝑁 = 230.91 𝑘𝑁
345

Comment
The spacing for the above cases can be summarized in the following table …
Case Spacing (mm)
No Axial Load – Simplified Method for 𝜃 and β 235
a
No Axial Load – General Method for 𝜃 and β 215
b Axial Tension 200
c Axial Compression 225

The presence of axial compression forces helps the concrete to resist the shear forces and vice versa for axial
tension forces. Therefore, one would expect that the spacing between stirrups would be the largest for the case
of axial compression force (case c) and the smallest for the case of axial tension force (case b). For the case
of no axial load, the spacing is expected to be between these two values which is true when the general method
for calculating 𝜃 and β is used. The use of the simplified method sometimes may not yield this logical
consistency.

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Elevation of Beam in part a (10 Marks)

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni

McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 2 (20 Marks)
(a) Section 1 (6 Marks)
0.90 ∗ 450 = 405 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 405 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 500 = 360 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑓 50
𝑉𝑓′ = 𝑉𝑓 ∓ . 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = 90 + ∗ 1/3 = 131.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑣 0.405

(b) Section 2 (6 Marks)

0.90 ∗ 650 = 585 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 585 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 700 = 504 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑓 400
𝑉𝑓′ = 𝑉𝑓 ∓ . 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = 190 − ∗ 1/10 = 121.62 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑣 0.585

(c) Section 1 (8 Marks)

0.90 ∗ 350 = 315 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { = 315 𝑚𝑚
0.72 ∗ 400 = 288 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑓
𝑉𝑓′ = 𝑉𝑓 ∓ . 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = 100 + 0 = 100 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑣

Dr. Wael El-Dakhakhni