PROBLEM 1:

Given:
𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠 = 4 − 32 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 375 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 700 − 75 = 625 𝑚𝑚

Solution:
- Assume steel yields:
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
4𝜋
0.85(21)(𝑎)(375) − 0.85(21)(125)(125) = (32)2 (345)
4
𝑎 = 207.4724 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 207.4724 This is for the square hole
𝑐= =
𝛽1 0.85
𝑐 = 244.085

- Check if the assumption is correct:

𝑑−𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
𝑐
625 − 244.085
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
244.085
𝑓𝑠 = 936.35 > 𝑓𝑦
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑑−𝑐
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
𝑐
625 − 244.085
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
244.085
𝜀𝑠 = 0.00468 ∴ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

- Solve for reduction factor

𝜀𝑠 − 𝜀𝑦
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
0.005 − 𝜀𝑦
345
0.00468 − 200000
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
345
0.005 − 200000
∅ = 0.876
- Solve for ultimate moment capacity:
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛
𝑎 125
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 (𝑑 − ) − 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐(125)(125) (𝑑 − ))
2 2
207.4724
𝑀𝑢 = 0.876 (0.85(21)(207.4724)(375) (625 − )
2
125
− 0.85(21)(125)(125) (625 − ))
2
𝑀𝑢 = 496718206.5 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 496.718 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

PROBLEM 2:
Given:
𝑓𝑦 = 560 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 42 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠 = 7 − 36 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 500 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 750 − 75 = 625 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 = 8.4 𝑚

Solution:
Since the beam is cantilever, the compression is at the bottom and the tension is at the top.

- Assume steel yields:

0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
7𝜋
0.85(42)(𝑎)(500) = (36)2 (560)
4
𝑎 = 223.5336 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑐=
𝛽1
0.05 ′
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 > 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ∴ 𝛽1 = 0.85 − (𝑓 𝑐 − 28)
7
0.05
𝛽1 = 0.85 − (42 − 28) = 0.75
7
𝑎 223.5336
𝑐= =
𝛽1 0.75
𝑐 = 298.0448 𝑚𝑚

- Check if the assumption is correct:

 𝑑−𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
𝑐
675 − 298.0448
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
298.0448
𝑓𝑠 = 758.856 > 𝑓𝑦
∴ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑑−𝑐
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
𝑐
675 − 298.0448
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
298.0448
𝜀𝑠 = 0.00379 ∴ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

- Solve for reduction factor

𝜀𝑠 − 𝜀𝑦
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
0.005 − 𝜀𝑦
560
0.00379 − 200000
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
560
0.005 − 200000
∅ = 0.763

- Solve for ultimate moment capacity:

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 (𝑑 − ))
2
223.5336
𝑀𝑢 = 0.763 (0.85(42)(223.5336)(500) (675 − ))
2
𝑀𝑢 = 1714722385 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 1714.722 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

- Solve for the uniformly distributed load (dead and live uniform load):
Beam fixed at one end, supported at other end:
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 =
8
𝑤(8.4)2
1714.722 =
8
𝑤 = 194.413 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
PROBLEM 3:
Given:
𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 490 𝑚𝑚
490 mm
𝐴𝑠 = 5 − 25 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 5-25 mm
𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐿 =8𝑚 300 mm

1m 5.5 m 1.5 m

Solution:
- Assume steel yields:
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
5𝜋
0.85(21)(𝑎)(300) = (25)2 (415)
4
𝑎 = 190.2079 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 190.2079
𝑐= =
𝛽1 0.85
𝑐 = 223.774 𝑚𝑚

- Check if the assumption is correct:

𝑑−𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
𝑐
490 − 223.774
𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
223.774
𝑓𝑠 = 713.826 > 𝑓𝑦
∴ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑑−𝑐
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
𝑐
490 − 223.774
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003 ( )
223.774
𝜀𝑠 = 0.003569 ∴ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

- Solve for reduction factor

𝜀𝑠 − 𝜀𝑦
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
0.005 − 𝜀𝑦
 415
0.003569 − 200000
∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 ( )
415
0.005 − 200000
∅ = 0.778

- Solve for ultimate moment capacity:

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅ (0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 (𝑑 − ))
2
190.2079
𝑀𝑢 = 0.778 (0.85(21)(190.2079)(300) (490 − ))
2
𝑀𝑢 = 312932314.7 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 312.932 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

- Solve for the uniformly distributed load:

𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2 𝑤𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = − −
8 4 4
𝑤𝑢 (5.5)2 𝑤𝑢 (1)2 𝑤𝑢 (1.5)2
312.932 = − −
8 4 4
𝑤𝑢 = 105.4087 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

- Solve the dead load and live load:

𝑤𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
2
105.4087 = 1.2 ( 𝐿𝐿) + 1.6𝐿𝐿
3
𝐿𝐿 = 43.92 𝑘𝑁

105.4087 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6(43.92)

𝐷𝐿 = 29.28 𝑘𝑁