𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 (𝟏)

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝑃𝑛 = 1200 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑛 = 700 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 .
𝐼𝑓 𝑓𝑐 ′ = 35 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑝𝑎.
(𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏 = 350 𝑚𝑚)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑀𝑢 700 × 103
(1) − 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = = = 583.33 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑢 1200
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙
(2) − 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02

𝐴𝑠𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 0.02 𝐴𝑔
0.002 𝐴𝑔
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 0.01 𝑏ℎ
2
𝑑𝑏
𝑑′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑝𝑠 + = 50 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = ℎ − 50
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎 = 0.4 𝑑 = 0.4 (ℎ − 50) = 0.4ℎ − 20
ℎ 𝑎 −ℎ + 𝑎
𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 − 2 + 2) 𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 +
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 2 )
𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) 𝑓𝑦 (ℎ − 2𝑑′ )
−ℎ + 0.4ℎ − 20
1200 × 103 (583.33 + )
0.01 × 350 × ℎ = 2
400 (ℎ − 2 × 50)

1400 ℎ(ℎ − 100) = 700 × 106 − 360 × 103 ℎ − 12 × 106

1400 ℎ2 − 140 × 103 ℎ = 688 × 106 − 360 × 103 ℎ

1400 ℎ2 + 220 × 103 ℎ − 688 × 106 = 0

ℎ = 626.84 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 650 𝑚𝑚

−650 + 0.4(650) − 20
1200 × 103 (583.33 + )
2
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 2063.62 𝑚𝑚2
400 (650 − 2 × 50)
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 − 𝑇

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦)

𝐶𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎 𝑏 = 0.85 × 35 × 350 × 𝑎 = 10412.5 𝑎 𝑁

𝐶𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ (𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ) = 2063.62(400 − 0.85 × 35) = 764055.305 𝑁

𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 2063.62 × 400 = 825448 𝑁

1200 × 103 = 10412.5 𝑎 + 764055.305 − 825448

𝑎 = 121.14 𝑚𝑚
1
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑔. 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝐿. 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖
 𝑎 121.14
𝐶= = = 151.425 𝑚𝑚
𝛽 0.80
600 (𝐶 − 𝑑′ ) 600 (151.425 − 50)
𝑓𝑠 ′ = = = 401.88 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 151.425
ℎ 𝑎 650 121.14
𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 − 2 + 2) 1200 × 103 (583.33 − 2 + 2 )
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = = 1739.45 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 400(600 − 50)
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 1739.45 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 2 ∗ 1739.45 = 3478.9 𝑚𝑚2
(3) − 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (6𝜙28) 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 3696 𝑚𝑚2 .
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 3696
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝜌𝑔 = = = 0.0162 → 𝑜𝑘
𝐴𝑔 350 ∗ 650
𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑎
𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − 2) + 𝐶𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
𝑃𝑛1 = 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑃𝑛2 =
ℎ
𝑒 + 2 − 𝑑′

𝐶𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎 𝑏 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ∗ 𝛽𝐶 ∗ 𝑏 = 0.85 × 35 × 0.8𝐶 × 350 = 8330𝐶 𝑁

𝐶𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ (𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ) = 1848 ∗ (400 − 0.85 × 35) = 684222 𝑁
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 1848 × 400 = 739200 𝑁
𝑃𝑛1 = 8330𝐶 + 684222 − 739200 = 8330𝐶 − 54978
8330𝐶(600 − 0.4𝐶) + 684222(600 − 50)
𝑃𝑛2 =
650
583.33 + 2 − 50

4998000𝐶 − 3332𝐶 2 + 376322100

𝑃𝑛2 = = 5822.94𝐶 − 3.882𝐶 2 + 438435.2172
858.33
𝑃𝑛1 = 𝑃𝑛2
8330𝐶 − 54978 = 5822.94𝐶 − 3.882𝐶 2 + 438435.2172
3.882𝐶 2 + 2507.06𝐶 − 493413.2172 = 0
𝐶 = 158.104 𝑚𝑚
600 (𝐶 − 𝑑′ ) 600 (158.104 − 50)
𝑓𝑠 ′ = = = 410.25 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 158.104
600 (𝑑 − 𝐶) 600 (600 − 158.104)
𝑓𝑠 = = = 1676.98 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 158.104
𝑃𝑛 = 8330𝐶 − 54978 = 8330(158.104) − 54978 = 1262028.32 𝑁 = 1262.03 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑃𝑛 ∗ 𝑒 = 1262.03 × 583.33 × 10−3 = 736.18 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

2
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑔. 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝐿. 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖
 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 (𝟐)
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝑃𝑛 = 1100 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑛 = 650 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 .
𝐼𝑓 𝑓𝑐 ′ = 35 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎.
(𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑀𝑢 650 × 103
1 − 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = = = 590.91 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑢 1100
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙
2 − 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜌𝑔 = 0.02

𝐴𝑠𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 0.02 𝐴𝑔
0.002 𝐴𝑔
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 0.01 𝑏ℎ
2
𝑑𝑏
𝑑′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + 𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑝𝑠 + = 50 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = ℎ − 50

𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎 = 0.4 𝑑 = 0.4 (ℎ − 50) = 0.4ℎ − 20

ℎ 𝑎 −ℎ + 𝑎
𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 − 2 + 2) 𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 +
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 2 )
𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑′ ) 𝑓𝑦 (ℎ − 2𝑑′ )
−ℎ + 0.4ℎ − 20
1100 × 103 (590.91 + )
0.01 × 250 × ℎ = 2
420 (ℎ − 2 × 50)

1050 ℎ(ℎ − 100) = 650 × 106 − 330 × 103 ℎ − 11 × 106

1050 ℎ2 − 105 × 103 ℎ = 639 × 106 − 330 × 103 ℎ

1050 ℎ2 + 225 × 103 ℎ − 639 × 106 = 0

ℎ = 680.29 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 700 𝑚𝑚

−700 + 0.4(700) − 20
1100 × 103 (590.91 + )
2
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = 1619.05 𝑚𝑚2
420 (700 − 2 × 50)
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 − 𝑇

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦)

𝐶𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎 𝑏 = 0.85 × 35 × 250 × 𝑎 = 7437.5 𝑎 𝑁

𝐶𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ (𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ) = 1619.05 (420 − 0.85 × 35) = 631834.2625 𝑁

𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 1619.05 × 420 = 680001 𝑁

1100 × 103 = 7437.5 𝑎 + 631834.2625 − 680001

3
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑔. 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝐿. 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖
 𝑎 = 154.38 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 154.38
𝐶= = = 192.975 𝑚𝑚
𝛽 0.80
600 (𝐶 − 𝑑′ ) 600 (192.975 − 50)
𝑓𝑠 ′ = = = 444.54 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 192.975
ℎ 𝑎 700 154.38
𝑃𝑛 (𝑒 − 2 + 2) 1100 × 103 (590.91 − 2 + 2 )
𝐴𝑠 ′ = = = 1388.53 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 420(650 − 50)
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 1388.53 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠 ′ = 2 ∗ 1388.53 = 2777.06 𝑚𝑚2
3 − 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (6𝜙25) 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 2945 𝑚𝑚2 .
𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 2945
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝜌𝑔 = = = 0.0168 → 𝑜𝑘
𝐴𝑔 250 ∗ 700
𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑎
𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − 2) + 𝐶𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑑′ )
𝑃𝑛1 = 𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑃𝑛2 =
ℎ
𝑒 + 2 − 𝑑′

𝐶𝑐 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎 𝑏 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ∗ 𝛽𝐶 ∗ 𝑏 = 0.85 × 35 × 0.8𝐶 × 250 = 5950𝐶 𝑁

𝐶𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 ′ (𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ ) = 1472.5 ∗ (420 − 0.85 × 35) = 574643.125 𝑁
𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 1472.5 × 420 = 618450 𝑁
𝑃𝑛1 = 5950𝐶 + 574643.125 − 618450 = 5950𝐶 − 73806.875
5950𝐶(650 − 0.4𝐶) + 574643.125(650 − 50)
𝑃𝑛2 =
700
590.91 + 2 − 50

3867500𝐶 − 2380𝐶 2 + 344785875

𝑃𝑛2 = = 4341.12𝐶 − 2.671𝐶 2 + 387008.5026
890.9
𝑃𝑛1 = 𝑃𝑛2

5950𝐶 − 73806.875 = 4341.12𝐶 − 2.671𝐶 2 + 387008.5026

2.671𝐶 2 + 1608.88𝐶 − 460815.3776 = 0
𝐶 = 211.89 𝑚𝑚
600 (𝐶 − 𝑑′ ) 600 (211.89 − 50)
𝑓𝑠 ′ = = = 458.42 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 ′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 211.89
600 (𝑑 − 𝐶) 600 (650 − 211.89)
𝑓𝑠 = = = 1240.58 𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶 211.89
𝑃𝑛 = 5950𝐶 − 73806.875 = 5950(211.89) − 73806.875 = 1186938.625 𝑁 = 1186.94 𝑘𝑁 → 𝑜𝑘

𝑀𝑛 = 𝑃𝑛 ∗ 𝑒 = 1186.94 × 590.91 × 10−3 = 701.37 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 → 𝑜𝑘

4
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑔. 𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝐿. 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖