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Rankine cycle at various steam pressure and temperature

with reheating
this note calculates plot of η vs steam plant pressure with fixed condenser pressure (Temperature) and max
temperature with reheating to saturation 460 deg C and 560 deg C. steam is extracted at 400kPa from hp turbine for
reheating to boiler outlet temperature.

1 - vacuum; saturated liquid T=40 C

2 - sub cooled liquid at boiler


3
hp Wt1 pressure P=3, 6, 9, 12 MPa
Boiler Turbine lp Wt2
Turbine 3 - saturated vapor, superheated
Q_dotH 4 vapor T=460 C, T=560 C, p = p 2
5
6
4 - extraction steam; superheated
vapor @ 400 kPa or ... vapor + liquid
@ saturation temperature and
2
Condenser pressure tbd

5 - superheated vapor @ saturation


Feed Q_dotL
1 temperasature for p 2 , T=460 C,
Pump
Wfp T=560 C, p = p4 = 400 kPa

6 - vapor + liquid @ saturation


temperature (40 C) and pressure or
...superheated vapor @ saturation
pressure for 40 C; tbd

the results are shown below


in the details of calculation for state 4 - extraction steam; superheated vapor @ 400 kPa or ... vapor + liquid @
saturation temperature and pressure tbd - it can be seen that combinations of
p=3 MPa, T = 460 C
p=3 MPa, T = 560 C and ....
p=6 MPa, T = 460 C
result in superheated vapor extraction (x 6 calculated >1) while the other combinations result in x 6 < 1
also ... state 6 - lp turbine exhaust - is superheated vapor @ saturation pressure for 40 C when boiler temperature is
560 C
The approach will be as the regenerative example; calculate x; if > 1 use super heat interpolation for results.

calculations

10/26/2005 1
0.45

0.44

0.42

0.41
thermal efficiency

0.39

0.38

0.36

0.35

0.33

0.32

0.3
30 39 48 57 66 75 84 93 102 111 120
pressure bars
with reheat - saturated
with reheat - 460 deg C
with reheat - 560 deg C
no reheat - saturated
no reheat - 460 deg C
no reheat - 560 deg C

N.B. efficiency decreases at saturation reheat, and at 460 C reheat at 12 MPa. This is observable when looking at
the T - s plot below for saturation temperature. The effect is noticeable at all pressures, but most significant at 12
MPa. Recall the entropy average temperature concept and observe that the temperature where heat is being added
is lowered.

The benefit from reheat is the exhaust moisture in the turbine output (in the latter stages of the single turbine)

quality out of hp turbine quality out of lp turbine quality out of pressure temperature file

 0.8615 1.0427 1.0989 


 0.8773 0.9767 1.0124 
 0.731 0.851 0.889 

  
0.8034 0.972 1.0315  0.8985 0.9767 1.0124  0.692 0.804 0.844 
x4 =  x6 =  x=
 0.7619 0.9267 0.9899 
 0.9117 0.9767 1.0124 
 0.664 0.774 0.816 

 0.7258  0.9214  0.64



0.8913 0.9586 

0.9767 1.0124 

0.75 0.795 

N.B. values of x > 1 are bogus and actual x = 1, i.e. steam is superheated vapor

data for saturation curve

10/26/2005 2
this plot for select_pressure := select_temperature :=
30 saturated
60 superheat to 460 deg C
90 superheat to 560 deg C
120

ip := select_pressure − 1 p2 = 12 MPa iT := select_temperature − 1 TT3 = 324.75


ip ip , iT
data for T s and H s plots

T-s Plot
400

300
T degrees C

200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

h-s Plot
4000

3000
h enthalpy kJ/kg

2000

1000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

10/26/2005 3

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