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Functions
An expression such as 4x – 9, in which the variable is x, is called
‘a function of x’. Its numerical value depends on the value of x. We
sometimes write f(x) = 4x – 9, or f: x |→ 4x – 9.
Worked examples
a For the function f(x) = 3x – 5, evaluate:
i f(2) ii f(0)
f(2) = 3 × 2 – 5 f(0) = 3 × 0 – 5
=6–5 =0–5
=1 = –5
iii f(–2)
f(–2) = 3 × (–2) – 5
= –6 – 5
= –11
b For the function f: x |→ 2 x3+ 6 , evaluate:
i f(3) ii f(1.5)
2×3+6 2 × 1.5 + 6
f(3) = 3 f(1.5) = 3
= 6 +3 6 = 3 +3 6
= 4 =3
iii f(–1)
2 × (−1) + 6
f(–1) = 3
–2 + 6
= 3
4
=3
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20 Functions
3 If h: x |→ −6 x4+ 8 , calculate:
a h(1) b h(0) c h(4) d h(1.5)
e h(–2) f h(–0.5) g h(–22) h h(–1.5)
4 If f(x) = –5–8
x–7
, calculate:
a f(5) b f(1) c f(3) d f(–1)
e f(–7) ( )
f f − 3
5
g f(–0.8) h f(0)
a g(3) b ()
g 1
2 c g(0) d g(1.5)
e g(–4) f g(–1) g g( 5 ) h g(–6)
4 If h(x) = –5 x + 15 , calculate:
2
−2
a h(1) b h(4) c h( 3 ) d h(0.5)
e h(0) f h(–3) ( )
g h 1
2
h h(–2.5)
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( x + 2)( x − 4)
6 If g: x |→ , calculate:
−x
a g(1) b g(4) c g(8) d g(0)
e g(–2) f g(–10) ( )
g g − 23 h g(–8)
()
d f 2x (x )
e f 4 + 1 f f(x)– x
Inverse functions
The inverse of a function is its reverse, i.e. it ‘undoes’ the function’s
effects. The inverse of the function f(x) is written as f –1(x). To find the
inverse of a function:
• rewrite the function replacing f(x) with y
• interchange x and y
• rearrange the equation to make y the subject.
Worked examples
a Find the inverse of each of the following functions:
i f(x) = x + 2 ii g(x) = 2x – 3
y = x + 2 y = 2x – 3
x = y + 2 x = 2y – 3
y = x − 2 y = x + 3
2
So f −1(x) = x − 2 So g−1(x) = x + 3
2
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x−3
b If f(x) = 3 calculate:
i f
–1(2) ii f
–1(–3)
y = 3x + 3
So f–1(x) = 3x + 3
i f–1(2) = 3(2) + 3 = 9
ii f–1(–3) = 3(–3) + 3 = –6
2 If f(x) = 2x + 1, evaluate:
a f –1(5) b f
–1(0) c f
–1(–11)
2x + 4
4 If g( x) = 3 , evaluate:
a g–1(4) b g
–1(0) c g
–1(–6)
1
5 If h(x) = 3 x – 2, evaluate:
b h–1(0) c h–1(–2)
( )
a h–1 − 12
4x – 2
6 If f( x) = 5 , evaluate:
a f–1(6) b f–1(–2) c f–1(0)
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Composite functions
Worked examples
a If f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = x + 3, find fg(x).
fg(x) = f(x + 3)
= (x + 3) + 2
=x+5
b If f(x) = 2x – 1 and g(x) = x – 2, find fg(x).
fg(x) = f(x – 2)
= 2(x – 2) –1
= 2x – 4 – 1
= 2x – 5
c If f(x) = 2x + 3 and g(x) = 2x, evaluate fg(3).
fg(x) = f(2x)
= 2(2x) + 3
= 4x + 3
fg(3) = 4 × 3 + 3
= 15
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Student assessment 1
1 For the function f(x) = 5x – 1, evaluate:
a f(2) b f(0) c f(–3)
Student assessment 2
1 For the function f(x) = 3x + 1, evaluate:
a f(4) b f(–1) c f(0)
2 For the function g: x |→ – x3– 2 , evaluate:
a g(4) b g(–5) c g(1)
3 For the function f(x) = x2 – 3x, evaluate:
a f(1) b f(3) c f(–3)
4 Find the inverse of the following functions:
( x − 2)
a f(x) = –3x + 9 b g(x) = 4
5 If h(x) = –5(–2x + 4), evaluate:
a h–1(–10) b h–1(0)
6 If f(x) = 8x + 2 and g(x) = 4x – 1, find fg(x).
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