Describes a substance that 4.
Chromatography
7E Mixtures and
Separation
1. Mixtures
Two or more substances
Mixture jumbled together but not
joined together.
A mixture of a solid and liquid,
where the solid bits are heavy
Suspension
enough to settle out if the
mixture is left to stand.
A mixture of a solid, liquid or
gas in a solid, liquid or gas
Colloid
where the substances do not
settle out if left to stand.
Spread out without settling
Dispersed out, such as the bits in a
colloid.
Cannot be seen through-
Opaque
colloids are opaque / cloudy.
When a substance has
Solution
dissolved in a liquid.
Light can pass through and it
Transparent can be seen through- solutions
are transparent.
Something through which a
Filter liquid is passed to remove
suspended pieces of solid.
2. Solutions
The liquid in which a
Solvent substance dissolves to make
a solution.
The substance that has
Solute dissolved in a liquid to make
a solution.
When a substance breaks up
into such tiny pieces in a
Dissolve
liquid that it can no longer be
seen and forms a solution.
When a substance changes
Soluble
can dissolve in a liquid.
The total mass of a solution is
the same as the mass of the
Conservation
dissolved substance plus the
of Mass
mass of the liquid at the
start.
A solution that contains so
much dissolved solute that
Saturated
no more solute can dissolve
in it.
The amount of a substance
that dissolves in a particular
Solubility solvent at a particular
temperature to make a
saturated solution.
3. Evaporation
When a liquid changes into a
gas. Can be used to separate
Evaporation
a liquid from the solid
dissolved in it.
Sodium The scientific name for table
Chloride salt that we use on our food.
When sodium chloride is
Rock Salt found in thick layers of rock
underground.
Can be dug up or mined.
Water can be pumped into
layers of salt underground,
dissolving the sodium
Extracting
chloride which is then
Rock Salt
pumped to the surface and
heated to evaporate the
water, leaving behind sodium
chloride.
When there is liquid turning
into a gas in all parts of a
Boiling
liquid- creates bubbles of gas
in the liquid.
The temperature at which a
Boiling Point
liquid boils.
Used to separate Condenses from its gas state into its
Chromatography substances dissolved in a liquid state.
A single substance that does
mixture.
A concentrated dot of a not have anything else in it.
mixtures is placed at the Pure (Pure water only contains
bottom of special water and no dissolved
solutes)
chromatography paper.
Paper The bottom of the paper
Chromatography is dipped into a solvent
(such as water). As the
solvent moves up the Distillation
paper is carries the Apparatus
dissolved substances.
A solution that contains a
large amount of solute
Concentrated
dissolved in a small
amount of solvent. Energy from the Sun is used
to evaporate salty/dirty
The results of
Solar Still water which is then
chromatography such as
condensed, forming
a dried piece of paper for
pure/clean water.
Chromatogram paper chromatography
showing when the
dissolved solids have
been separated. Lesson Memorised?
Different substances in a
mixture are carried at 1. Mixtures
How different speeds,
chromatography depending on how
2. Solutions
works soluble they are, which
separates them out from
3. Evaporation
each other.
5. Distillation 4. Chromatography
Separating water from the
Desalination salts in salty/sea water to
5. Distillation
produce fresh drinking water.
The process of separating a
liquid from a mixture by
Distillation evaporating the liquid and
then condensing it to be
collected.
Steam Water as a gas.