The rate of the forward

When STRESS action is equal to the…

is placed upon a system (shift right)
Le at equilibrium,
Chatelier’s the system will react
Principle
in an attempt
to rate of the reverse action
(shift left)
REDUCE
the effect of that stress.

Solute = Hot Chocolate

solute A substance
being
dissolved
Solvent Solution
(Ex: Hot Chocolate Powder) water Hot chocolate
and water

A substance
that
solvent DISSOLVES
the solute
(Ex: Water in a cup before hot
chocolate powder is added) Example of a Solvent = Water

solution A homogeneous mixture

(Ex: Mixture of Water and salt

crystals)

a substance
formed by
solvate
the interaction of a
solvent and a solute

(Ex: the interaction of water and

salt is the formation of saltwater) Interaction of a solvent and a solute

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 Aqueous WATER
Solutions as
solutions with Solvent
WATER
as the
SOLVENT

The amount
of a
substance
Solubility that
dissolves
in a given volume of solvent
at a
given temperature

When an ionic substance

Solubility
such as salt
of dissolves in water,
Ionic NaCl
it breaks up into individual NaCl + H20
Substances cations and anions Polar water molecules
which are interact with the
dispersed in the water positive and negative ions of salt,
which assist in the dissolving process.

When nonionic substances

Solubility
such as sugar (sucrose)
of dissolves in water, a Water is a polar
Sucrose has many
Polar number of polar 0-H polar O-H groups
solvent
Substances groups in the molecule
cause the sucrose to be The polar 0-H of water cause the sucrose
to
very soluble in water. dissolve or disperse
in the water.

When substances
DO NOT dissolve
Substances
in water Oil molecule does NOT dissolve in
INSOLUBLE because water because its nonpolar bonds are
in its nonpolar bonds not compatible with the polar water
molecules.
water are not compatible
with the
polar water molecules.

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 solution Solutions where solid "solute"
equilibrium is
at equilibrium with solute
in the solution.

Equilibrium – when a
state of rest or balance occurs

A solution
saturated that
contains as much solute
as can be dissolved
in
that solution.

The undissolved substance is in equilibrium

with the dissolved substance

A solution
unsaturated in which
more solute
can be dissolved
than is
dissolved already.

A solution Supersaturated Solution

that
contains
supersaturate more dissolved solid than
d a saturated solution
will hold
at that
temperature.

Colligative A solution property Colligative Properties

Property that
depends on Vapor
Pressure
the number Osmotic
of Pressure
solute particles Elevating Depression
Boiling Point of
present. Freezing
Point

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 A homogeneous solution in Examples of Colloids

which
colloids the particles are dispersed Mayo Jello
throughout
Fog
but are
not heavy enough
to
settle out.

The state
of a
suspensions homogeneous solution
in which the suspension
particles of a substance
are
mixed with a fluid
but
are undissolved.

hygroscopic The ability

to
absorb water

The ability
deliquescent To
absorb enough water
to become
a Liquid
liquid Calcium Chloride

absorbs water becomes a liquid

The process by which a

substance goes directly
sublimation from
the solid state
to the
gaseous state Solid Gas
without
passing through
the liquid state.
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 Happens when two liquids
immiscible Oil Don’t
will NOT mix
Mix!
together Water

Happens when two liquids

miscible WILL DISSOLVE

in the other

substance

Decreasing concentration
dilution by
further addition

of a given

solvent

Calculating Solving problems involving solutions

stoichiometry the relative quantities
of of 1. Write the balanced equation for the
solutions reactants and products reaction.
that occur in a 2. Calculate the moles of reactants.
solution. 3. Determine which reactant is limiting
4. Calculate the moles of other reactant or
products, as required.
5. Convert to grams or other units, if required.

Neutralization An acid-base
Reactions
reaction

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