THE TYPES AND ENERGY OF SOLUTIONS

IMPORTANT REMINDERS
 Kindly mute your microphone when you are not asked to speak. LIQUID SOLUTIONS
 You can raise your hand using your raise hand feature if you have 1.) Liquid in Gas
any questions, 2.) Liquid in Solid
 clarifications, or if you want to answer a question. 3.) Liquid in Liquid
 There will be a bonus points given in every questions.
 Please be participative in our class and let’s all respect each other. SOLID SOLUTIONS
1.) Solid in Gas
CROSSWORD PUZZLE 2.) Solid in a Liquid
3.) Solid in a Solid

NINE TYPES OF SOLUTION

SOLUTE SOLVENT EXAMPLES
Gas Gas Air
Gas Solid Hydrogen gas in Platinum,
ice
Gas Liquid Carbonated drinks
Liquid Gas Clouds, Fog, Humid air
Liquid Solid Dental amalgam
Liquid Liquid alcohol
Solid Gas Smoke
 Methane and oxygen react to yield Solid Solid Alloy
Solid Liquid Sugar solution

THREE TYPES OF SOLUTION

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Describe the different type of solutions
2. Describe the energy of solution formation
3. Give examples of different types of solutions

PRE-ACTIVITY
 20 mL of ethanol mixed with 35 mL of water.
 15 grams of flour mixed with 50 mL of water.
 Seawater
 Mud  In terms of dissolution of solute in solvent
 10 grams of salt in 25 mL of water.
UNSATURATED SOLUTIONS
 Smoke
 A solution that contains less solute than its capacity to dissolve.
 Coca - Cola
SATURATED SOLUTIONS
1 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
 A solution that contains the maximum amount of a solute that
will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.
SOLUTION
 is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS
 has two components namely; solute and solvent.  A solution that contains more solute than is present in a saturated
solution.
SOLVENT
 Is the component of solution which is present CRYSTALLIZATION
in large amount  It is the process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution
and forms crystal
SOLUTE
 Is the component of solution in small amount HOW DOES THE PROCESS OF SOLUTION
FORMATION OCCURS?
NINE TYPES OF SOLUTION
 In terms of physical state of solute and solvent.
EXAMPLE 1: SUGAR SOLUTION
GASEOUS SOLUTIONS
1.) Gas in a Gas
2.) Gas in Liquid
3.) Gas in Solid
 THE TYPES AND ENERGY OF SOLUTIONS
 These water molecules arrange themselves around the sucrose ENTHALPY
molecules according to opposite polar areas. The attraction of the  the heat released or absorbed in the reaction.
water molecules and their motion overcome the attraction  The heat of the solution can be calculated by the sum of energy
between sucrose molecules. involved in three steps.
 The sucrose molecules dissolve as they are separated from the NOTE:
other molecules and mix into the water.  If the solution attraction (ΔH3) is stronger than the solvent-
solvent attraction (ΔH2) and solute-solute attraction (ΔH1),
CHECK 1: SALT SOLUTION the solution process is favourable, or exothermic (ΔHsolution <
 Sodium chloride will dissolve in 0).
water if the positive area of water
molecules surrounds the negative  If the solution interaction (ΔH3) is weaker than the solvent-
chloride ions while its negative solvent and solute - solute interactions, then the solution
area will surround the positive process is endothermic (ΔHsolution > 0).
sodium ions.
 As the attractions from the water  The heat of a solution (ΔHsoln) may have a negative sign
molecules and their motion pulls (energy released) or a positive sign (energy absorbed)
the ions apart, the sodium chloride crystal dissolves. depending on the magnitudes of individual ΔH.

2 ENERGIES IN SOLUTION FORMATION HOT AND COLD PACK

 Hot pack consists of a water and
 The intermolecular attractions that hold molecules together in a dry chemical which is the
liquids and solids also play a vital role in the formation of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) or
solutions. calcium chloride whereas
 When a substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent), particles  cold pack consists of water and
of the solute disperse throughout the solvent. ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
 The solute particles will occupy the positions that are taken o If the seal separating the
normally by solvent molecules. content inside the pack is broken, the water and chemicals
 The ease to which a substance is able to dissolve another will mix.
substance depends on the relative strengths of three types of o This results to the production of instant heat due to the
interactions namely: increase of temperature, or cold due to the decrease in
1.) Solvent-solvent interaction temperature, depending on the chemicals used.
2.) Solute-solute interaction
3.) Solvent-solute interaction ENERGY FORMATION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
DISSOLVES IN HOT PACK.
THREE DISTINC STEPS IN SOLUTION PROCESS: 1.) Magnesium sulfate –
1.) Separation of solute molecules (expanding the solute) this ionic compound
2.) Separation of solvent molecules (expanding the solvent) will try to break apart
3.) Mixing of solute and solvent from its ionic bonds that
holds the crystal,
 Step 1 and 2 require allowing the ionic bond
energy which means it is to move away from each
endothermic, since other.
forces must be overcome o It is an
to expand the solute and endothermic process, thus ΔH1 > 0.
solvent.
 Step 3 usually releases
energy due to the 2.) Water – breaks apart the intermolecular forces between molecules
formation of allowing them to separate from each other.
intermolecular attraction between the solute and solvent particle o It is an endothermic process, ΔH2 > 0 because an energy is
which means it is exothermic.
required to break down the forces between water
ENTHALPY OF SOLUTION
molecules.
3.) Magnesium sulfate and water are mixed forming attractive forces.
Since these process release energy unlike ΔH1 and ΔH2,
o Thus, it is an exothermic process wherein ΔH3 < 0

ENERGY FORMATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE IN

WATER
 The magnitude of the first
and second steps are greater
 THE TYPES AND ENERGY OF SOLUTIONS
than the third step, this signifies that it is an endothermic process
wherein ΔH > 0.
NOTES
 This means that an endothermic process happens when the
sum of the strength of solute and solvent particles is greater
than the attractive force joining the solute and solvent to form
a solution.
 It also signifies that the energy produced from the formation
of solute and solvent is not enough to supply the energy
required in breaking attractive force.
 The possibility that there will be a formation of solution if the
amount of energy lacking is small enough and can be absorbed
by the surrounding.
 However, if the amount of energy lacking is too big, solution
does not form.
TWO FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUTION PROCESS:
ENERGY
 determines whether the solution process is exothermic or
endothermic.
RANDOMNESS OR DISORDER
 Increase of disorder favors solubility
SOLUBILITY
 is a measure of how solute dissolves in solvent at a particular
temperature.
LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE
POLAR SOLUTES DISSOLVE IN POLAR SOLVENTS
 The energy produced in the interaction of polar solutes and polar
solvents are large enough to break the forces present in solute and
solvent.
NONPOLAR SOLUTE DISSOLVES IN NONPOLAR
SOLVENT
 They are weak forces of substances but the energy released in the
nonpolar solute and nonpolar solvent is enough to break the force
between solute particles and solvent particles.
NONPOLAR SOLUTE WILL NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR
SOLVENT
 Nonpolar solute only forms weak force towards polar solvents.
 The energy may break the weak force between nonpolar solute
but it is too small to break down the dipolar force present in polar
solvents.
POLAR SOLUTE WILL NOT DISSOLVE IN NONPOLAR
SOLVENT
 Polar solute and nonpolar solvent will form a very weak
interaction.
 Nonpolar solvent is too weak to break down the dipolar force
present in polar solute
SUMMARY OF THE LESSON
THERE ARE 9 TYPES OF SOLUTION IN TERMS OF
PHYSICAL STATE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
GASEOUS SOLUTIONS
o (Gas in Gas, Gas in Solid, Gas in Liquid),
SOLID SOLUTIONS
o (Solid in Gas, Solid in Liquid, Solid in Solid),
LIQUID SOLUTIONS
o (Liquid in Gas, Liquid in Liquid, Liquid in Solid)
THREE TYPES OF SOLUTION IN TERMS OF DISSOLUTION
OF SOLUTE IN SOLVENT
SATURATED SOLUTION
 contains the maximum amount of a solute that will dissolve in a
given solvent at a specific temperature.
UNSATURATED SOLUTION
 contains less solute than its capacity to dissolve.
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION
 more solute than is present in a saturated solution.
WHAT IF YOUR ENTHALPY OF SOLUTION IS <0, WHAT
DOES IT MEAN?
 It means it is exothermic and it releases energy to form a solution.
WHAT IF YOUR ENTHALPY OF SOLUTION IS >0 AND
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
 It means it is endothermic and it requires energy to break the
attraction that is present in that interaction
WHAT ARE THE TWO FACTORS THAT AFFECT
SOLUBILITY?
 energy and randomness or disorder
WHAT ARE THE FOUR CONCEPTS BEING EMPHASIZED
IN THE SAYING, “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”?
 Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
 Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent
 Nonpolar solute will not dissolve in polar solvent
 Polar solute will not dissolve in nonpolar solvent
LEARNING TASKS
Instruction:
 THE TYPES AND ENERGY OF SOLUTIONS
Get yourself an alcohol, water, and salt. Compare how salt dissolves
in alcohol and water. For uniformity, use 70% ethanol or any rubbing
alcohol.

Variables to consider:
 The amount of water and alcohol should be the same
 The amount of salt to be added in water and alcohol should be the
same
 The number of stirrings should be equal
 The temperature of water and alcohol should be the same

A. Kindly fill out the needed information with regards to your

experimental set – up.

VARIABLES MEASUREMENT
Amount of water and alcohol in mL
Amount of salt to be added
Number of stirring
Temperature

Note: if you do not have a thermometer, you may use your instinct or
your sense of touch in measuring the temperature of your water and
ethanol. Just make sure that in your instinct, both of your solvents
have the same temperature.

B. Guide questions:
1. Compare the solubility of salt in water and alcohol. (10
points)
2. Which among water and alcohol dissolves salt better?
Why? Include in your explanation the concept of
polarization of your water and alcohol to salts. (10 points)
3. Describe the magnitude of energy present in the salt and
water solution and salt-alcohol solution. 10 points

Note: You need to submit a 2-3 minutes video showing your

experimental set-up, the procedure, and the results of your
experiment. Your short video should be uploaded in the Google Drive
link that I will be provided to you, which will be posted in our
VSUEE classroom. For your answers on your Part A and Part B, you
just follow the instruction on how to do and submit your output.
LEARNING CHECK
Instruction: Briefly answer the following:
1. Give two examples of each type of solutions and identify which
of the content is solid, liquid, or gas. (Note: You can put it in a
tabular form.)

TYPES OF
SOLUTIONS SOLUTE SOLVENT
SOLUTION
GAS IN GAS 1.
2.

2. What are the factors that affects solution process?

3. Why is it that the solution process usually leads to an increase in

disorder?

4. Describe the difference in solution processes the exothermic and

endothermic.

5. Describe the solution process in a molecular level why coffee and

water mix?