SyM&a✗

tooooo Grammar

↳ sentence structure
↳ The part of grammar that knowledge of sentences
represents a
spanker 's
shed 28 do : now

constituents
analyzed further
↳ can be broken into smaller be
units can
,

of
groupings parts
↳ a sentence
,

tree
↳
represented by a
diagram

Grouping of constituents =

Syntactic Categories
Syntactic Categories
-
Phrasal categories .
Lexical categories
↳ NP phrase the ↳ Noun IN 12.9 bird
Nam
people
mom
Eg book puppy
-

→
some
.

man ,
many
.
, ,
, ,

↳ VP Verb
phrase school at home ↳ Verb ( V ) Big
→
Peg to
stay see go ,
run
-

go
.

,
.

↳ AP -

Adjective phrase →
Rg very good
.

, quite happy about

reading ↳ Adjective (Adj ) By .

happy , big
Adverb ( Adv) often
↳ ADVP -
Adverb phrase → B.
g.
more
brightly than the Sun
,
rather slowly ↳
B. g. brightly ,
, again
↳ PP Prepositional phrase Preposition (P) front of
Big within ten ↳
→ in a car
days B. over in above in
-

on
g. ,
.

,
, , ,

Functional categories
1. Determiner ( Det) 2. Tense (T)
↳ articles a
,
an
,
the ↳ Present

↳ demonstratives that , this these those ↳ past

, ,

↳ possessives my yow , his , her , its their

,
ow
, , ↳ Modal auxiliaries can
,
could
, may , should ,
will
↳ quantifiers all some
, , any ,
no

3. Intensifier ( Int)
↳
very ,
so
, quite ,
rather
, really ,
most
,
too
 Tree & Phrase
Diagrams -

*
Makers
Xp ✗ = N
,
V. A ,
Adv and P

Spesifier of ✗ I

✗ (head) complement of ×
Head → core of
every phrase specifier → the phrase
may
have an element
" "
preceding the head
↳ NP
"

the mother of John

"

Head mother Noun (N)

E.g → is .

↳
.

E. g.
"

Preposition / P)
"
horse
" "

NP the mother of John

" "

PP in a → Head is in =

C
S H
"
"
NP Lisa 's
complement →
a
phrasal category occur next to a head song
,

" " " S H

↳ of PP
I.g.
"

NP the mother John in the house "

"

pp just in the house

head complement head complement s µ a

Noun Phrase Verb Phrase

Preposition Phrase
Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase

sentence