Noise monitoring

1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of noise in Nanhai District
Weihai Nanhai new area is a new marine economic zone in Shandong Peninsula blue
economic zone. In January 2011, the State Council officially approved the "Shandong
Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development Plan", Weihai Nanhai new area was
identified as one of the three major marine economic new areas.
The long-term planning scope of Weihai Nanhai new area includes Xiaoguan, Zetou,
Songcun, Zhangjiachan, Houjia, Zeku, Gaocun and bukougang of Wendeng District,
Shangzhuang, Hushan, Renhe and Shidao management areas of Rongcheng City, and
16 towns of Baisan, Xujia, Nanhuang and Haiyangsuo of Rushan City. The land area
is 1798 square kilometers, the sea area is 1237 square kilometers, and the coastline is
328 kilometers.
At present, the core starting area of Weihai Nanhai new area is 160 square kilometers
(including Zeku town and Xiaoguan town), with a planned construction area of 90
square kilometers. The core area is located in the south of Wendeng District, bounded
by Huanhai road in the north, Huanglei River in the West and Changhuikou bridge in
the East.
With a large number of personnel and enterprises, factories in Nanhai new area,
Nanhai new area is in a period of vigorous development. At the same time, it also
brings some negative effects, noise pollution is one of them.
The resident population of Nanhai new area has been increasing year by year.
According to the data released by the Management Committee of Weihai Nanhai New
Area in 2017, the population of Nanhai new area has reached 69000. Today, the
population of Nanhai new district may have reached 100000. The population growth
has brought a lot of man-made noise pollution.
In addition, industrial noise pollution and traffic noise pollution are also two
important factors.
Compared with Nanhai new area a few years ago, the number of enterprises entering
Nanhai New Area in 2021 reached a new high. By 2020, there will be 30 large
enterprises in Nanhai new area. The factory construction of major enterprises and the
large trucks transporting construction materials also produce a lot of noise pollution.
With the increase of resident population, the number of cars in Nanhai new area is
greatly increased, which leads to traffic noise pollution.

Nanhai New District

1.2. Noise Sources in Nanhai

1.2.1. Traffic
Nanhai New Area is a new place which is being planned, as mentioned above, the
population is relatively sparse and population distribution is relatively scattered. In
addition, the infrastructure construction is relatively perfect and road construction is
relatively developed, which leads to less traffic flow. The current situation of road
traffic is good, traffic congestion and congestion are rare in Nanhai New Area.
Traffic noise is one of the main sources of urban noise. Traffic conditions in Nanhai
New Area are relatively good, and the impact of traffic noise is relatively small.
However, with the increase of population in Nanhai New Area in recent years, the
number of cars also increases, and the pollution caused by traffic noise also begins to
increase, and becomes one of the most important pollution sources in the noise
pollution of Nanhai New Area.
 Current situation of urban roads in Nanhai New Area
1.2.2. Industry
With a large number of enterprises entering Nanhai new area, industrial noise has
gradually become an important source of noise pollution. The vast majority of
industries in Nanhai new area are emerging industries, so the noise generated is small,
but the vast majority of noise is generated in the process of factory construction and
construction site construction.
In addition, there are some traffic noise caused by muck trucks transporting
construction materials.

Construction site
1.2.3. Agriculture
The whole area will strive to create a model area for the balanced development of
urban and rural areas in the Nanhai new district. The model area will be delineated to
the east of the Yellow River, the west of the Perfume River and the 202 line of the
provincial road. The total area of the area is 90 square kilometers, with 36 villages,
9530 households and 28 thousand and 700 people, and 2266.67 hectares of cultivated
land. The total investment was 9.5 billion yuan, involving the centralized resettlement
project of 53 villages and 17000 households in the whole district. By the end of the
year, 15 villages and 4361 households had completed the relocation. Focus on
building modern agricultural area and high-end fine fruit industry area in
langwarming. Among them, langwarm modern agricultural zone has introduced and
constructed modern agricultural leading enterprises such as Weihai Jingxiang fruit and
vegetable professional cooperative, Weihai Wanxin animal husbandry Co., Ltd., to
build a modern planting park for leisure agriculture, leisure picking and fruit products,
radiating 466.67 hectares. The high-end fine fruit industry zone focuses on the
construction of agricultural industrialization development base with a total investment
of 120 million yuan and Qicai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and promotes the
construction of flower factory production area and Western ginseng planting and
processing zone, radiating 800 hectares.
On the whole, the agricultural noise pollution in Nanhai new area is the smallest.
Nanhai new area is developing new agriculture and green countryside. Except for the
noise produced by people in the process of planting, there is basically no noise.

New countryside in Nanhai New Area

1.3. Noise Sources in BJTU Weihai Campus
In September 2015, Beijing Jiaotong University Weihai Campus was officially
opened.
Weihai City has provided a land area of 1112 mu (74.1 hectares) for Beijing Jiaotong
University. The first phase of campus construction project was completed by the end
of August 2014, with a total construction area of 106,000 square meters, including
comprehensive building, teaching building, library, academic exchange center,
dormitory building, dining hall and school clinic.The second phase of the project is
scheduled to be completed in September 2017, with a total construction area of
120,000 square meters, including the experimental building, student activity center,
gymnasium, school history hall, National Modern Transportation Engineering Ability
Training Center, National Railway Communication Museum, teachers' apartments and
so on.The campus has reserved 300 mu of development land for the incubation of
scientific and technological achievements, technology research and development, and
the construction of key laboratories.
The overall planning scale of the school is 5,500 students, of which 500 are
international students.The total number of teaching staff is 680, among which 460 are
full-time teachers. More than 1/3 of the international teachers will be provided by
foreign cooperative institutions. At present, the total number of students in the school
is about 2000.
Due to the large number of people, the main source of noise on campus is human
voice. In addition, wind and other man-made noises also constitute an important part
of the noise.

Campus overview

1.4. Current noise situation

Sources of urban noise include:
1) Traffic noise: mainly refers to the noise emitted by motor vehicles, aircraft, trains
and ships in operation. The noise sources of these noises are mobile and have a wide
range of interference.
2) Industrial noise: mainly refers to the noise produced in industrial production.
Mainly from machines and high-speed running equipment.
3) Construction noise: mainly refers to the noise generated at the construction site. In
construction, a large number of power machinery should be used, excavation, drilling
and mixing should be carried out, and materials and components should be
transported frequently, thus generating a lot of noise.
4) Noise in social life: mainly refers to the noise generated by people in various social
activities such as business transactions, sports competitions, parades and gatherings,
entertainment venues, as well as the noise of radio, television, washing machines and
other household appliances.
In Nanhai New area, the traffic situation is in good condition. The traffic noise is
influenced by the traffic flow, pavement structure, embankment height, vehicle
composition types, running speed etc. And the improvement of Infrastructure makes
the traffic noise pollution in Nanhai is slight. And the Nanhai New Area is later
developed so there are few factors, the industrial noise influence is small. As
mentioned above, the population in Nanhai is small, this lead to the noise in social life
has little impact, so this experiment choose Beijing Transportation University Weihai
campus and the road in front of the school to do the noise monitoring.
1.5. Noise Standard
1.5.1. Introduce
The standard for the environment noise is to protect people's health and living
environment, and to regulate the allowable range of noise. The principles should be
based on the protection of people's hearing, sleep and rest, and conversation. They
should be advanced, scientific and realistic. The basic standard of environmental noise
is the basic basis of environmental noise standard. Most countries refer to the
international organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended base (such as 30
dB sleep), and according to the specific national and local conditions.
It is one of the environmental standards, including outdoor noise standards in different
areas and indoor noise standards with different use requirements. The purpose of
establishing such standards is to control the impact of noise on people, and to provide
the basis for the rational use of noise control technology and the implementation of
noise control legislation.
1.5.2. Outdoor standard
What troubles people is the interference to conversation, thinking, sleep and rest. The
special residential area in China's environmental noise standard refers to the
residential area with special need of quiet, such as rest area, high-grade hotel area, etc;
Residents and cultural and educational areas refer to pure residential areas, cultural
and educational areas and government areas; The first kind of mixed area refers to the
mixed area of general business and residents; The second kind of mixed zone refers to
the mixed zone of industry, commerce, a small amount of transportation and residents;
Business center refers to the prosperous area where business is concentrated;
Industrial concentration area refers to the industrial area designated by the local
government; Both sides of the traffic trunk line refer to both sides of the road with a
traffic flow of more than 100 vehicles per hour. The standard value listed in Table 6 is
the outdoor allowable noise level. The measuring point is 1 meter outside the window
of the residential building affected by the noise and 1.2 meters above the ground. The
peak value of noise that frequently appears at night shall not exceed 10 dB of the
standard value. For occasional noise at night, the peak value shall not exceed 15 dB of
the standard value.
The standard values of urban environmental noise of five categories are as follows:

Urban environmental noise standard

Category Day Night

Class 0 50 dB 40 dB
Class 1 55dB 45dB
Class 2 60dB 50dB
Class 3 65dB 55dB
Class 4 70dB 60dB

Applicable areas of various standards

Class 0 standard is applicable to convalescent area, high-grade villa area, high-grade
hotel area and other areas with special needs of quiet. In suburban and rural areas, the
standard is 5 dB higher than 0.
The class 1 standard is applicable to the areas with residential, cultural and
educational institutions as the main body. Rural residential environment can refer to
the implementation of such standards.
Class 2 standards are applicable to residential, commercial and industrial mixed areas.
Class 3 standards are applicable to industrial areas.
The four standards are applicable to the areas on both sides of the main road of urban
road traffic and the areas on both sides of the inland waterway crossing the urban
area. The background noise (refers to the noise level when the train does not pass)
limits of the areas on both sides of the main and secondary trunk lines of the railway
passing through the urban area are also subject to such standards.

1.5.3 Indoor standard

Indoor noise standards can be divided into residential and non residential. Residential
indoor noise standard is based on the requirements of quiet life and the environmental
noise standard of the area, with reference to the conditions of residential windows.
Generally, it should not be less than 20 dB of the environmental noise standard of the
area. The indoor noise standard of Chinese residential buildings is 10 dB lower than
the ambient noise standard of the area, because there are many small factories close to
residential buildings in Chinese cities. Non residential indoor noise standards are
based on the use of the room.