! !

Section 3.3: Newton’s Second Fnet = ma

Law of Motion Fnet = (58 kg)(+1.33 m/s 2 )
Tutorial 1
!
Practice, page 133 !
= +77 N
1. Given: Fnet = 126 N [S]; m = 70 kg Fnet = 77 N [E]
!
Required: a Statement: The net force acting on the cyclist and
! !
Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose north as positive. So, bicycle is 77 N [E].
!
south is negative. 4. (a) Given: m = 1420 kg; v1 = 64.8 km/h [W];
! !
Solution:
! v2 = 0 m/s; Δ d = 729 m [W]
! !
Fnet = ma
! Required: Fnet
! F ! !
a = net Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose east as positive. First
m
!126 N convert the value of v1 to SI units. Then calculate
a= ! ! ! !
70 kg the acceleration using v2 2 = v12 + 2 a!d .
= !1.8 m/s 2 Solution:
!
a = 1.8 m/s 2 [S] v1 = !64.8 km/h
Statement: The acceleration of the sprinter is " km % " 1 h % " 1 min % " 1000 m %
1.8 m/s2 [S]. = $ !64.8 '$ '$ '$ '
! ! # h & # 60 min & # 60 s & # 1 km &
2. Given: a = 1.20 m/s2 [forward]; Fnet = 1560 N
v1 = !18.0 m/s
[forward]
Required: m
! ! Since v2 = 0 m/s,
Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose forward as positive.
0 = v12 + 2a!d
Solution:
! ! v12 = "2a!d
Fnet = ma
!
F v12
m = !net a=
a "2!d
+1560 N ("18.0 m/s)2
= =
+1.20 m/s 2 "2("729 m)
m = 1300 kg a = +0.2222 m/s 2 (one extra digit carried)
Statement: The mass of the car is 1300 kg.
! ! Calculate the net force.
3. Given: v1 = 6.0 m/s [E]; v2 = 14.0 m/s [E]; ! !
Δt = 6.0 s; m = 58 kg Fnet = ma
!
Required: Fnet Fnet = (1420 kg)(+0.2222 m/s 2 )
Analysis: Choose east as positive. First calculate Fnet = +316 N
! ! !
! v !v Fnet = 316 N [E]
the acceleration using a = 2 1 . Then calculate
"t Statement: The net force acting on the car is
! !
the net force using Fnet = ma . 316 N [E].
Solution: (b) The normal force and gravity will cancel when
the car is on horizontal ground. When the car
v2 ! v1
a= slows down, the net force acting on the car is the
"t force of friction. Therefore, the force of friction is
+14.0 m/s ! (+6.0 m/s) 316 N [E].
=
6.0 s 5. (a) Given: m = 8.0 kg; three forces of 24 N
a = +1.33 m/s 2 (one extra digit carried) [left], 31 N [left], and 19 N [right]
! !
Required: Fnet ; a
!
Calculate the net force. Analysis: Find Fnet by adding all horizontal
forces. Choose right as positive. So, left is
Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-1
negative. Calculate the acceleration using backward is negative. Calculate the acceleration
! ! ! !
Fnet = ma . using Fnet = ma .
Solution: Solution:
! ! ! !
Fnet = !24 N + ( ! 31 N) + 19 N Fnet = F1 + F2 + Ff
= !36 N Fnet = +310 N + 354 N + ( ! 40 N)
!
Fnet = 36 N [left] = +624 N
!
Calculate the acceleration. Fnet = 624 N [forward]
! !
Fnet = ma Calculate the acceleration.
! ! !
! F Fnet = ma
a = net !
m ! F
!36 N a = net
a= m
8.0 kg +624 N
a=
= !4.5 m/s 2 390 kg
!
a = 4.5 m/s 2 [left] = +1.6 m/s 2
Statement: The net force applied to the object is !
a = 1.6 m/s 2 [forward]
36 N [left] and its acceleration is 4.5 m/s2 [left]. Statement: The acceleration of the bobsled is
(b) Given: m = 125 kg; three vertical forces of 1.6 m/s2 [forward].
1200 N [up], 1100 N [up], and 1300 N [down];
two horizontal forces of 600 N [right] and 600 N Tutorial 2 Practice, page 135
[left] !
! ! 1. (a) Given: m1 = 1.20 kg; m2 = 0.60 kg; Ff = 0 N
Required: Fnet ; a !
Required: a
Analysis: The left and right forces cancel each Analysis: Draw a FBD of each object.
!
other. Find Fnet by adding all vertical forces. For the cart, the normal force and gravity cancel
Choose up as positive. So, down is negative. each other.
! !
Calculate the acceleration using Fnet = ma . So, (Fnet )cart = FT = m1a .
Solution: m1a = FT (Equation 1)
Fnet = +1200 N + 1100 N + ( ! 1300 N)
= +1000 N For the hanging object,
!
Fnet = 1000 N [up] (F )
net object
= Fg ! FT = m2 a .
2

m2 a = m2 g ! FT (Equation 2)
Calculate
!
the acceleration.
!
Fnet = ma The cart will accelerate to the right. Choose right
!
! F as positive. So, left is negative. Solve the two
a = net equations for a.
m
+1000 N Solution:
a=
125 kg
= +8 m/s 2
!
a = 8 m/s 2 [up]
Statement: The net force applied to the object is
1000 N [up] and its acceleration is 8 m/s2 [up].
! !
6. Given: F1 = 310 N [forward]; F2 = 354 N
!
[forward]; Ff = 40 N [backward]; m = 390 kg
!
Required: a
!
Analysis: Find Fnet by adding all forward and
backward forces. Choose forward as positive. So, Add the equations to solve for a.
Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-2
 m1a + m2 a = FT + m2 g ! FT m1 a = FT (Equation 1)
m1a + m2 a = m2 g
( m1 + m2 )a = m2 g For the hanging object,
(1.20 kg + 0.60 kg)a = (0.60 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) (Fnet )object = Fg ! FT = m 2 a .
2

a = 3.3 m/s 2 m 2 a = m 2 g ! FT (Equation 2)

The acceleration of the cart is 3.3 m/s2 [right].
(b) Given: m1 = 1.20 kg; m2 = 0.60 kg; The cart will accelerate to the right. Choose right
!
Ff = 0.50 N [left] as positive. So, left is negative. Solve the two
Required: a
! equations for a.
Analysis: Draw a FBD of each object.
For the cart, the normal force and gravity cancel Solution:
each other.
So, (Fnet )cart = FT ! FN = m1a .
m1a = FT ! FN (Equation 1)

For the hanging object,

(F )
net object
= Fg ! FT = m2 a .
2

m2 a = m2 g ! FT (Equation 2)

The cart will accelerate to the right. Choose right

as positive. So, left is negative. Solve the two
equations for a. Add the equations to solve for a.
Solution: m1a + m2 a = FT + m2 g ! FT
m1a + m2 a = m2 g
( m1 + m2 )a = m2 g
( 2.0 kg + 0.40 kg)a = (0.40 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )
a = 1.6 m/s 2
The acceleration of the cart is 1.6 m/s2 [right].
(b) If the mass of the object on top of the cart
increases, the acceleration of the cart decreases.
Using the equation for the acceleration of the cart,
m2 g
a= , the value a decreases when the
( m1 + m2 )
value m1 increases.
Add the equations to solve for a. (c) If an object is taken from the top of the cart and
m1a + m2 a = FT ! FN + m2 g ! FT
tied to the hanging object, the acceleration of the
m1a + m2 a = m2 g ! FN cart increases. Using the equation for the
( m1 + m2 )a = m2 g ! FN m2 g
acceleration of the cart, a = , the value a
(1.20 kg + 0.60 kg)a = (0.60 kg)(9.8 m/s 2 ) ! 0.50 N ( m1 + m2 )
a = 3.0 m/s 2 increases when the value m1 decreases and the
The acceleration of the cart is 3.0 m/s2 [right]. value m2 increases.
!
2. (a) Given: m1 = 2.0 kg; m2 = 0.40 kg; Ff = 0 N
! Section 3.3 Questions, page 136
Required: a !
1. (a) Given: m = 72 kg; a = 1.6 m/s2 [forward]
Analysis: Draw a FBD of each object. !
For the cart, the normal force and gravity cancel Required: Fnet
! !
each other. Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose forward as positive.
So, (Fnet )cart = FT = m1a . Solution:

Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-3
! !
Fnet = ma Statement: The acceleration of the hockey puck is
150 m/s2 [forward].
Fnet = (72 kg)(+1.6 m/s ) 2
!
3. (a) Given: a = 1.2 m/s2 [backward];
= +120 N !
! Fnet = 1400 N [backward]
Fnet = 120 N [forward]
Required: m
Statement: The net force on the rugby player is ! !
Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose forward as positive.
120 N [forward].
! Solution:
(b) Given: m = 2.3 kg; a = 12 m/s2 [up] ! !
! Fnet = ma
Required: Fnet
! ! Fnet
Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose up as positive. m =
a
Solution: !1400 N
! ! =
Fnet = ma !1.2 m/s 2
Fnet = (2.3 kg)(+12 m/s 2 ) m = 1200 kg
= +28 N Statement: The mass of the car is 1200 kg.
! !
Fnet = 28 N [up] (b) Given: Fnet = 33 N [forward];
! 2
Statement: The net force on the model rocket is a = 6.0 m/s [forward]
28 N [up]. Required: m
! ! !
2. (a) Given: Fnet = 2.4 × 104 N [E]; m = 5.0 kg Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose forward as positive.
!
Required: a Solution:
!
! ! !
Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose east as positive. So, Fnet = ma
west is negative. Fnet
m =
Solution: a
! !
Fnet = ma +33 N
! =
! F +6.0 m/s 2
a = net m = 5.5 kg
m
+2.4 ! 104 N Statement: The mass of the shot put is 5.5 kg.
a= !
5.0 kg 4. Given: m = 54 kg; v1 = 0 m/s;
!
= +4800 m/s 2 v2 = 12 m/s [downhill]; Δt = 5.0 s
! !
a = 4800 m/s 2 [E] Required: Fnet
Statement: The acceleration of the shell is ! !
Analysis: Fnet = ma ; First calculate the
4800 m/s2 [E]. ! !
!
(b) Given: m = 160 g; Fnet = 24 N [forward] ! v2 ! v1
!
acceleration using a = . Choose uphill as
Required: a "t
! ! positive. So, downhill is negative.
Analysis: Fnet = ma ; First convert the value m to
Solution:
SI units. Choose forward as positive. Since v1 = 0 m/s,
Solution: v2
m = 160 = 0.16 kg a=
!t
! ! "12 m/s
Fnet = ma =
! 5.0 s
! F
a = net = "2.4 m/s 2
m !
a = 2.4 m/s 2 [downhill]
+24 N
a=
0.16 kg
= +150 m/s 2
!
a = 150 m/s 2 [forward]

Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-4
 ! !
Calculate the net force. Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose up as positive.
! !
Fnet = ma Solution:
! !
Fnet = (54 kg)(!2.4 m/s 2 ) Fnet = ma
!
= !130 N ! F
! a = net
Fnet = 130 N [downhill] m
Statement: The net force acting on the skier is +150 N
a=
130 N [downhill]. 58 kg
! !
5. Given: v1 = 0 m/s; Fnet = 1.2 N [forward]; = +2.6 m/s 2
! ! !
Δ d = 6.6 m [forward]; v2 = 3.2 m/s [forward] a = 2.6 m/s 2 [up]
Required: m Statement: The acceleration of the person is
! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6 m/s2 [up].
Analysis: Fnet = ma ; v2 2 = v12 + 2 a!d . Choose
7. Given: Fnet = 36 N [forward];
forward as positive. First calculate the acceleration a1 = 6.0 m/s2 [forward]; a1+2 = 2.0 m/s2 [forward]
! ! ! !
using v2 2 = v12 + 2 a!d . Required: a2
! !
Solution: Analysis: Fnet = ma . Choose forward as positive.
Since v1 = 0 m/s, Solution:
v2 2 = 2a!d For mass m1,
! !
v2 Fnet = m1 a1
a= 2
2!d Fnet
m1 =
(+3.2 m/s)2 a1
=
2(+6.6 m) 36 N
=
a = +0.776 m/s (one extra digit carried)
2
6.0 m/s 2
m1 = 6.0 kg
Calculate
!
the mass.
!
Fnet = ma For masses m1 and m2 together,
F Fnet = (m1 + m2 )a1+2
m = net
a Fnet
+1.2 N m1 + m2 =
= a1+2
+0.776 m/s 2
Fnet
m = 1.5 kg m2 = ! m1
a1+2
Statement: The mass of the cart is 1.5 kg.
! 36 N
6. (a) Given: m = 58 kg; Fa = 720 N [up] = ! 6.0 kg
2.0 m/s 2
Required: m
m2 = 12 kg
Analysis: Add all the vertical forces. Use
! ! !
Fnet = Fa + Fg . Choose up as positive.
For mass m2,
Solution: ! !
! ! ! Fnet = m2 a2
Fnet = Fa + Fg !
! ! ! ! F
Fnet = Fa + mg a2 = net
m2
Fnet = +720 N + (58 kg)( ! 9.8 m/s 2 ) 36 N
a2 =
= +150 N 12 kg
!
Fnet = 150 N [up] a2 = 3.0 m/s 2
Statement: The net force acting on the person is Statement: Mass m2 will experience an
150 N [up].
! acceleration of 3.0 m/s2.
(b) Given: m = 58 kg; Fnet = 150 N [up]
!
Required: a

Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-5
8. (a) Choose up and east as positive. So, down (b) Solve the equations for a.
and west is negative. ( m1 + m2 )a = m2 g
m2 g
a=
m1 + m2
From the equation, when the value m2 increases,
the value (m1 + m2) stays the same, and the value a
increases. As more chain moves over the edge of
the table, the acceleration of the chain increases.
10. (a) Given: m = 80 kg; three horizontal forces
of 170 N [left], 170 N [left], and 150 N [right]
Required: a
! Analysis: The normal force and gravity cancel
(b) Given: m = 1300 kg; a = 1.6 m/s2 [E]; !
! each other since the crate is on the floor. Find Fnet
Ff = 3800 N [W]
! by adding all horizontal forces. Choose right as
Required: Fa positive. So, left is negative. Calculate the
! !
Analysis: The normal force and gravity cancel acceleration using Fnet = ma .
each other since the car is on horizontal ground. To
! Solution:
find Fa , add all the horizontal forces. Use
! ! ! ! ! Fnet = !170 N + ( ! 170 N) + 150 N
Fnet = ma and Fnet = Fa + Ff . = !190 N
Solution: !
! ! ! Fnet = 190 N [left]
Fnet = Fa + Ff
! ! !
Fa = Fnet ! Ff Calculate the acceleration.
! !
Fa = ma ! Ff Fnet = ma
!
= (1300 kg)( + 1.6 m/s 2 ) ! (!3800 N) ! F
a = net
= +5900 N m
!
Fa = 5900 N [E] !190 N
a=
80 kg
Statement: The applied force acting on the car is
5900 N [E]. = !2.4 m/s 2
!
9. Assume that no friction acts on the chain on top a = 2.4 m/s 2 [left]
of the table. Statement: The acceleration of the crate is
m1 = mass of chain on top of table 2.4 m/s2 [left].
m2 = mass of chain hanging over the edge (b) If a fourth student jumps on top of the crate,
The tension, FT, in the chain is the same for both the mass, m, of the crate increases but the net force
! ! !
m1 and m2. Fnet on the crate is the same. Using Fnet = ma , as
(a) For the chain on top of the table, the normal
force and gravity cancel each other. the value m increases, the value a decreases. So,
the magnitude of the acceleration of the crate
Fnet = FT = m1 a (Equation 1)
decreases.
!
11. Given: m = 30 kg; vi = 0 m/s; Δd = 22 m;
For the hanging chain,
Fnet = Fg ! FT = m2 a (Equation 2) mmax = 12 kg
Required: Δt
Analysis: Use the equation FT = ms g to find the
Add the equations.
m1a + m2 a = FT + m2 g ! FT maximum tension of the string when it holds up a
( m1 + m2 )a = m2 g
12 kg mass. Assume no friction on the ice. The
normal force and gravity cancel each other since
The chain will accelerate to the right down the the object is on the ice. The net force acting on the
table. The force of gravity acting on the hanging pulled object is the tension in the string.
chain, m2g, causes the acceleration. Use FT = ma to calculate the acceleration and use

Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-6
 1 1
!d = v i !t + a!t 2 to calculate the minimum !d = vi !t + a!t 2
2 2
possible time. 1
!d = a!t 2
Solution: 2
FT = ms g 2!d
!t 2 =
= (12 kg)(9.8 m/s) a
FT = 117.6 N 2!d
!t =
a
Calculate the acceleration. 2(22 m )
=
FT = ma 3.92 m/s 2
FT !t = 3.4 s
a =
m Statement: The minimum possible time to
117.6 N complete the task is 3.4 s.
=
30 kg
a = 3.92 m/s 2

Calculate the minimum possible time.

Since vi = 0 m/s,
12. (a)
Mass (kg) Friction (N) [W] Applied force (N) [E] Net force (N) [E] Acceleration (m/s2) [E]
4.0 9.0 9.0 0.0 0.0
4.0 9.0 13.0 4.0 1.0
4.0 9.0 17.4 8.4 2.1
4.0 9.0 23.0 14.0 3.5

(b) (c)

The y-intercept represents the friction. When the rise

slope =
applied force equals the friction, the net force on run
the object is zero and its acceleration will also be 1.4 N [E]
zero. =
3.5 m/s 2 [E]
slope = 4.0 kg
Fnet
For the same graph, slope = = m . So, the slope
a
represents the mass of the object, which is 4.0 kg.

Copyright © 2011 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 3: Newton’s Laws of Motion 3.3-7