Normative Education

An educational system based on the concept of what a student should learn by a certain age

Purpose of schools:

 develop reasoning about perennial questions

 master the methods of scientific inquiry
 cultivate the intellect
 develop spirituality
 model a democratic society

COMMON EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES OF NORMATIVE EDUCATION

1. Perennialism
2. Progressivism
3. Essentialism
4. Critical Pedagogy
5. Montessori Education
6. Waldorf Education
7. Democratic Education

Normative Theories of Teaching

1. Gagne’s cognitive theory of teaching – Teaching task is mainly concerned with helping in the
students in proper comprehension or meaningful learning of the content. Teacher is like
philosopher, counselor, demonstrator, supervisor etc. The components of learning such as
preparing the students to learn, sustaining their attention and interest, helping in proper
comprehension, reinforcing their learning, evaluating their learning outcomes.

2. Ryan's theory of teacher behavior - , teaching is greatly influenced by the verbal and non-verbal
behaviour of the teacher demonstrated by him in the classroom in order to induce learning.
Therefore, the improvement in teaching and classroom instruction is dependent on the quality
of the teacher behaviour demonstrated by the teacher in the classroom activities. The teacher
must pay due attention for picking up the desirable behaviour and personal characteristics
helpful in good teaching and appropriate classroom interaction.

3. Mitra’s psychological theory of teaching - The teacher should formulate its teaching task based
upon his knowledge of the psychological principles related to the psychology of individual
differences, learning, intelligence, personality, aptitude and achievement