Dull Bit Evaluation: HDBS Training and Development

9/2/2014
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Dull Bit Evaluation
HDBS Training and Development
Why we dull grade and evaluate…
▌ Industry Standard
 Common ground for bit
evaluation
▌ Performance Tracking
 Compare dull conditions
▌ Product Development
▌ Identify operating practices to improve

and optimize bit performance
 Educate customer
▌ Dull condition can “tell the story”
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 2
1
9/2/2014
IADC Dull Grading System

Roller Cone
2
9/2/2014
IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone
Inner Cutting Structure (I)

(All inner rows)
 Used to report the condition of the teeth not touching the

wall of the hole
3
9/2/2014

Outer Cutting Structure (O)
 Used to report the condition of the teeth that touch the wall
of the hole. These teeth are also called gauge row (gauge
condition is important to good bit performance.)
 Steel Tooth Bits
‒ A measure of lost tooth height due to abrasion and/or
damage
0 – No lost, worn and/or broken inserts
8 – Total loss of tooth height
 Insert Bits
‒ A measure of total cutting structure reduction due to
lost, worn and/or broken inserts.
0 – No lost, worn and/or broken inserts
8 – All inserts lost, worn and/or broken
Cutting Structure Wear
4
9/2/2014
Dull Characteristics (D)

 Uses a two letter code to indicate the major dull characteristics of
the cutting structure. Input only one (two-letter) dull characteristic
code and use the standard abbreviation only.
(BC) Broken Cone* (CT) Chipped Teeth

(BT) Broken Teeth (ER) Erosion
(BU) Balled (FC) Flat Crested Wear
(CC) Cracked Cone* (HC) Heat Checking
(CD) Cone Dragged* (JD) Junk Damage
(CI) Cone Interference (LC) Lost Cone*
(CR) Cored (LN) Lost Nozzle
(LT) Lost Teeth (RR) Re-runnable
(NO) No Dull Characteristic (SD) Shirttail Damage
(NR) Not Refundable (SS) Self-Sharpening Wear
(OC) Off Center Wear (TR) Tracking
(PB) Pinched Bit (WO) Washed Out Bit
(PN) Plugged Nozzle/Flow (WT) Worn Teeth

Passage
(RG) Rounded Gage
5
9/2/2014
Location
N= Nose Row – the center most cutting elements of the bit
M= Middle Row- cutting elements between the nose and the
gauge
G= Gauge Row – those cutting elements that touch the hole
wall
A= All Rows – all rows
Location
Cone Identification
Cone 3
Cone 1
Cone 2
6
9/2/2014
Bearings and Seals

 A letter code is used to indicate the condition of the seal
‒ E= Seals effective
‒ F= Seals Failed
‒ N= Not able to grade
 Indication of failed seals
‒ Locked cone (not always true sign)
‒ Intermitted locking or “catching” of cone
‒ Ability to rock cone axially
‒ Gaps between cone and arm
‒ Signs of grease weaping
‒ Shale packing (not always true sign)
Gauge
 Used to report on the gauge of
the bit.
 The letter “I” (In gauge) indicates

no gauge reduction.
7
9/2/2014
Other Dull Characteristics
 Not restricted to only cutting structure dulling characteristics
 Reported in column 7 under “Other Dull Characteristics
Reason Pulled
 Used to report termination of bit run
BHA – Change BHA HP – Hole Problems

CM – Condition Mud HR – Hours on Bit
CP – Core Point LIH – Left in Hole
DMF – Downhole Motor Failure LOG – Run Logs
DP – Drill Plug PP – Pump Pressure
DSF – Drill String Failure PR – Penetration Rate
DST – Drill Stem Test RIG – Rig Repair
DTF – Downhole Tool Failure TD – Total Depth/Casing
FM – Formation Change Depth
WC – Weather Conditions TQ – Torque
WO – Washout in Drill String TW – Twist Off
8
9/2/2014
Mechanics of Roller Cone

Dull Grading
Mechanics of Roller Cone Dull Grading
 Be thorough and consistent
 Develop a procedure that is repeatable
 Do not focus on one aspect of the dull
9
9/2/2014
▌Examine cutting structure

 Start with cone 1
 Examine the teeth and cone
condition
 Rotate cone to determine seal and
bearing condition
 Look for worn, broken, chipped
and lost teeth
 Examine the cone shell for cone
interference, cone erosion, junk
marks, off center wear and
tracking
 Moving clockwise, repeat this
process for cones two and three
 After cutting structure and all bearings

are examined, ring gage the dull
 Examine cone back face for broken and
lost compacts, erosion and fluid cuts
 Examine shirttail and arm for wear and
junk damage
 Examine ball plug weld and filler plug
for weeping of oil
 Look at the reservoir cap for cap or
snap ring damage
 Check nozzle boss for wear, erosion or
damage
 Examine all welds for signs of cracking
 Rotate the bit and examine number two
and three cones the same
10
9/2/2014
 Examine pin for signs of cross threading
 Look at shoulder for signs of galling
 Turn the bit on the cones and look down inside pin for signs of erosion
or washing

Gauge Ring
 Obtain a nominal size ring gauge
( 8 ¾” bit = 8 ¾” ring gauge)
 Rotate each cone so that one of
the gauge teeth is at the
maximum gauge point
 Place ring gauge over the bit and
so it touches the maximum
gauge point
 Pull the ring gauge tight against
two of the cones
 Measure the gap between the
third cone’s gauge point and the
ring gauge
 Multiply the measurement by
2/3. This is the amount the bit is
under gauge
 Report the figure to the nearest
1/16 of an inch
11
9/2/2014
Roller Cone Dull

Characteristics
Roller Cone Dull Characteristics
BT (Broken Teeth)
 Improper bit selection
 Junk in hole
 Excessive WOB or RPMs
 Improper break-in
 Cone interference
 Highly interbedded formations
or conglomerates
 Drill string vibrations
 Bit hitting ledge or bottom
 Bit tracking and off center wear
12
9/2/2014
BT Recommendations
 May be typical dull characteristic
 For harder formations/higher
energy – bit with less offset/less
tooth extension
 Reduce RPM or lower WOB to
reduce fluctuations in torque
 Short steel tooth bits to drill out
junk
 Excessive breakage requires
change in drilling parameters or
bit type
CT (Chipped Teeth)
 Excessive WOB
 Excessive RPM
 Tracking and off center
wear
 Impact loading due to
rough drilling or drill string
vibration
 Slight cone interference
 Rough running in air
drilling application
 Bit ran on junk
13
9/2/2014
CT Recommendations
 Harder formation/higher energy

levels – less offset/less tooth
extension; greater tooth count;
tougher tooth shape/tougher
carbide material
 Reduce RPM/Lower WOB when
drilling torque varies
 Excessive chipping could indicate
changes in drilling parameters or bit
type is required
 Control drill through transition
sections
ER (Erosion)
 Excessive hydraulics
 Abrasive formation
 Abrasive formation cuttings
eroding the cone shell due
to inadequate hydraulics
 Abrasive drilling fluids or
poor solids
 Use of a center jet
14
9/2/2014
ER Recommendations
 Reduce hydraulic energy by
changing flow rate or nozzles
 Improve mud properties and run
solids control equipment
 Review hydraulics parameters
 Control drill if necessary
 Consider use of diffusing center jet
JD (Junk Damage)
 Junk dropped in hole from

the surface
 Junk from drilling string
 Junk from previous bit run
 Junk from bit itself
 Contact with casing
15
9/2/2014
JD Recommendations
 Run junk basket with next bit

 Ensure hole is clean before
running bit to drill ahead
 Circulate and rotate just above
bottom
 Run a cleanout bit
LC (Lost Cone)
 Any of the conditions that

lead to a cracked or broken
cone may eventually result in
the loss of the cone
 Excessive hours after

bearing failure causing the
cone retention system to fail
16
9/2/2014
LC Recommendations
 Review and adhere to

recommended operational
parameters
 Monitor drill parameters and react
properly to potential problems
BU (Balled Up)
 Inadequate hydraulic
cleaning of the bottom hole
 Forcing the bit into formation

cuttings with the pump not
running
 Drilling a sticky formation BU Recommendations

 Review hydraulics parameters
 Consider control drilling
 Review mud properties
 Alternative bit types
17
9/2/2014

CD (Cone Dragged)
 Bearing failure
 Junk lodging between
cones
 Pinched bit
 Bit balling up
 Inadequate break in
CD Recommendations
 Reduce energy levels
 Use solids control equipment
 Increase flow rate, use better bit
hydraulics
 Observe drilling torque continually
while drilling out cement equipment
and pick-up off bottom to avoid
wedging pieces
 Use proper break-in procedures
18
9/2/2014
CR (Cored)
 Junk in hole
 Cone shell erosion
 Improper break-in of new
bit when there is a major
change in bottomhole
pattern
 Improper bit selection (too
aggressive)
 Excessive WOB and RPM
 Abrasiveness of formation
exceeds the wear-
resistance of center teeth

CR Recommendations
 Junk in hole
 Improper break-in of new bit when
there is a major change in bottom
hole pattern
 Improper bit selection (too
aggressive
 Excessive WOB and RPM
 Abrasiveness of formation exceeds
the wear-resistance of center teeth
19
9/2/2014
FC (Flat Crested Wear)
 Low WOB and high RPM,

often used in attempting to
control deviation
 Bit selection too aggressive

for hard, abrasive formation
 Tracking on the drive or heel

rows may cause the inner
portion to skid excessively
FC Recommendations
 Adjust to a more abrasive resistant
cutting element material grade
 Select proper bit type for the
formation
 Review and optimize WOB and
RPM
20
9/2/2014
LT (Lost Teeth)
 Insert breakage causing excess
cyclic loading on adjacent
inserts
 Excessive hours on bit
 Tracking or insert burial too
deep into formation
 Cone steel residual stress
relieve
 Hydrogen sulfide embrittlement
cracks
LT Recommendations
 Adjust energy levels
 Change to a more durable bit

type
 Review hydraulic parameters or

running procedures
 Reduce operating hours
21
9/2/2014
OC (Off Center Wear)

 Bent drill collar or other
BHA tool
 Steerable motor or rotary

steerable system
 Inadequate stabilization
 Insufficient WOB
OC Recommendations
 Change drilling parameters to

optimize ROP
 Proper stabilization
 Increase WOB
 Review BHA conditions and

components
22
9/2/2014
PB (Pinched Bit)
 Bit forced into undergauged

hole
 RC being forced into section

previously drill by FC
 Forcing bit through casing

 Pinched in bit breaker
 Bit forced into undersized

blowout preventer stack
 Improper break in of new bit

PB Recommendations
 Trip in hole with care and wash

and ream tight spots
 Use proper bit size for casing set
– check API casing charts
 Use correct and undamaged bit
breaker – use proper procedures
for bit make-up
 Exercise caution when reaming
undergauge hole
 Use proper break-in techniques
23
9/2/2014
RG (Rounded Gage)
 Drilling an abrasive formation
with excessive RPM
 Reaming an undergauge hole
 Running on a steerable motor
or rotary steerable system
 Formation too abrasive for
selected bit type
RG Recommendations
 Reduce RPM and increase flow

rate
 Select a bit with more durable
gauge protection
 Consider using diamond
enhanced gauge protection
24
9/2/2014
TR (Tracking)
 Formation changes from

brittle to plastic
 Hydrostatic pressure that
exceeds formation pressure
 Improper weight/RPM
combination
TR Recommendations
 Optimize ROP for each formation

change
 Reevaluate hydrostatic versus
formation pressure
 Lower mud weight
 Use softer bit
 Review bit selection
25
9/2/2014
WO (Washed Out Bit)
 Very abrasive particles in mud

system or poor solids control
 High flow rates coupled with
elevated mud weights
 Impact with bottom or ledges on
connection
 Dropping drill string
 Excessive flow rates
 O-ring missing when nozzle
installed
WO Recommendations
 Review drilling mud parameters
 Use proper running procedures when
tripping in hole
 Spend extra time ensuring nozzles
are correctly in place; check O-rings
26
9/2/2014
WT (Worn Teeth)
 Bit selection is incorrect for
application
 Energy levels may be
excessive
 Applying excessive energy in
transition zones
 Tracking
WT Recommendations
 Review bit selection

 Review WOB and RPM applied
 Adjust energy levels with drilling
through transition zones and
formation changes
 Monitor bit performance and review
bit pulling procedures
27
9/2/2014
Review
RC Dull Grading
Exercise
28
9/2/2014
RC Dull Grading Exercise
 Let’s Dull Grade some Roller Cones!
10 minute break……….
29
9/2/2014
Mechanics of Dull
Grading: Fixed Cutter
Mechanics of Dull Grading: Fixed Cutter
▌ Develop a process and routine
▌ Not just “grading” the bit, evaluate it!
30
9/2/2014
Mechanics of Dull grading: Overall Evaluation
▌ Examine the entire cutting

structure
 Pin
 Gauge pads
 Bland bond line
 Bit body
 Nozzles
 Cutting structure
Mechanics of Dull grading: Methodology
▌ Inner Two Thirds – Outer One Third
31
9/2/2014
▌ Inner Two Thirds – Outer One Third
▌ Primary Cutting Structure
32
9/2/2014
▌ Gauge ring use

 Ring over pin
 Full, Stepped, or Relieved?
Fixed Cutter: Common Dull Characteristics
▌ Used on a daily basis to develop understanding of dull bit condition

▌ Industry standard
▌ Important to differentiate between common conditions
33
9/2/2014
▌ WT – Worn Cutter/Teeth
 Normal PDC wear with
even wear flat
 Diamond layer is without
major chips, spalls, or
cracks along worn edge
▌ Cause: Expected wear when all
goes well
▌ CT – Chipped Cutter/Teeth
 Minor breakage
 Less than half the cutter
has been broken
 Chip is in both diamond
layer and carbon substrate
▌ Cause: Impact damage; could
be associated with bit whirl,
excessive torque fluctuations
and formation changes
34
9/2/2014
▌ BT – Broken Cutter/Teeth
 More than half the cutter is
broken off
 Occurs in both diamond and
carbide substrate layers
▌ LT – Lost Cutter/Teeth
 Cutter that is completely
gone from the cutter pocket
 Internally classified as a
“clean pocket”
▌ Cause: Braze bond fails to retain
the carbide. If any carbide is left
in the pocket it is considered a
broken cutter
35
9/2/2014
▌ ER – PDC Erosion
 Matrix wear between the
cutters
 Little to no cutter pocket
matrix left to support cutter
 Diamond layer may be
intact with supporting
carbide substrate worn
below
▌ Cause: Excessive mud flow
amplified by abrasive formation,
and/or poor solids control
▌ BB – Broken Blade
 Matrix broken through blade
 Not official IADC
designation
▌ Cause: Severe impact from
hitting ledge/bushing, bit whirl,
junk in hole, change in
formation, excessive torque
36
9/2/2014
▌ RO – Ring out
 Worn groove which occurs
mostly on the nose and
shoulder region
 Often accompanied by heat
checking
 Can occur over entire bit
▌ Cause: Initiated by damage
possibly caused by impact or
junk in hole, propagated over
entire bit from initial damage
location
▌ CR – Cored Out
 Worn groove in center of bit
 Often accompanied by heat
checking
▌ Cause: Excessive WOB, drilling
float equipment, junk in hole.
37
9/2/2014
▌ PN – Plugged Nozzle
 Nozzle or flow passage is
plugged with rubber,
cuttings or loss circulation
material
▌ Cause: Nozzles too small,
inadequate flow, DMF
Fixed Cutter: Additional Dull Characteristics
▌ PDC Spall
 Diamond table is chipped
off in thin layers
 Chips and fracturing of the
diamond table are not deep
enough to reach tungsten
carbide interface
▌ Cause: Could be associated with
bit whirl, excessive torque
fluctuations and formation
changes
38
9/2/2014
What dull characteristic?
Clean Pocket: Definition and Importance
▌ Cutter pocket void of carbide, excluding blade/pocket damage beyond

repair (i.e. impact damage)
▌ Important to track clean pockets

 Improves Service quality
 Promotes awareness and scale of issue
 Tracked using CPI process
39
9/2/2014
Clean Pocket
(Damage around Pocket, but still a Clean Pocket)
Clean Pocket
(Damage around Pocket, but still a Clean Pocket)
40
9/2/2014
Clean MDR – R1 Pocket
Clean Drop-In Pocket
41
9/2/2014
Good Braze Joint
▌ A good braze joint will not fail, carbide will remain in the pocket even if
the cutter is lost.
▌ The following pictures are examples of good braze joints
Good Braze Joint

(Not a clean Pocket)
Small pieces of cutter substrate left in the pocket

42
9/2/2014
Exceptions to Clean Pocket Criteria
Top of blade / pocket Back of blade / pocket
-Impact damage is the cause of the lost cutter on this 1308 displacement .
-The impact destroyed cutter, pocket, blade matrix, and not the braze joint.
Clean Pocket Review
▌ Benefits of tracking clean pockets (CPI)

 Promotes awareness and scale of issue
 Data improves brazing quality
 Helps identify need for additional training
 Standardization globally
 Improves service quality
43
9/2/2014
10 minute break……….
Pictures – How to
▌ Standardization of the method used to take pictures is important
▌ Quality of pictures are important
▌ Take additional pictures if necessary to document additional damage or

wear
44
9/2/2014
Pictures – How to
▌ Step 1: Documentation
Pictures – How to
▌ Step 2: Bit Pictures

 Top View
 Blades
 Extra Pictures 1
45
9/2/2014
Pictures – How to
▌ Upload into an Excel template

 Label pictures accordingly
 Height 3.75” @100% zoom
 Width 5” @100% zoom
 Compress pictures
− Picture tools>format>compress picture 96ppi
 Template Provided on sharepoint
Exercise
▌ Dull grade bits
▌ Take photos
▌ Upload to template
▌ Share and Discuss
46
9/2/2014
Repair
▌ Repair Standards
▌ Repair Cycle
▌ Questions
Repair Standards
▌ Repair to HDBS manufacturing & API standards.
▌ Repair to like new condition to ensure like new Performance.
47
9/2/2014
Check in / Clean up
▌ Verify Product
▌ Power Wash Bath
▌ Abrasive Blast
Evaluation
▌ Product Inspection
▌ Evaluate Work Required

 Photos
48
9/2/2014
Braze Prep / Braze

▌ Abrasive Blast
▌ Prep w/ flux paste
▌ Heat to pre-determined temp at controlled
time frame
▌ A Brazing process is used to replace or
rotate cutters required
Cool Down / Bit Bath
▌ Regulate Bits Cool Down Rate

▌ Submerge into Bit Bath
 Cleaning excess flux / inswool
49
9/2/2014
Visual / Clean Up
▌ Abrasive Blast
▌ Inspect Braze Quality
▌ Remove Excess Braze
Tip Grind
▌ Grind OD gage cutters to bit Specification
50
9/2/2014
Dye Check
▌ Penetrant and Developer system under black light to enhance

product defects.
Quality Control / Paint / Can
▌ Final touch up / O-Rings /

Clean API
▌ Final Inspection
▌ Paint
▌ Can
51
9/2/2014
Questions
Additional RC Dull Characteristics
52
9/2/2014

BC (Broken Cone)
 Cutting structure failure
 Propagation of cracks
generated by heat after
bearing failure
 Bit hitting a ledge
 Dropped drill string
BC Recommendations
 Hydrogen sulfide
embrittlement  Review application and bit
selection
 Check running parameters
 Check running in hole
procedures

LN (Lost Nozzle)
 Missing or damaged O-ring

and/or improper nozzle
installation
 Mechanical or erosion
damage
 Improper nozzle selection
 Junk in the hole
53
9/2/2014
LN Recommendations
 Insure O-ring is in place and confirm

nozzles are properly installed
 Review nozzle selection and hydraulics
parameters
 Check for unusual bit damage and use
proper procedures to deal with junk in the
hole
 A lost nozzle causes a pressure decrease
which may require bit be pulled out of the
hole
SD (Shirttail Damage)
 Junk in hole
 Reaming under gage hole in
faulted/broken formation
 A pinched bit causing
shirttails to be outer most
part of bit
 Poor hydraulics
 High angle wellbore
 Gauge rounding or
breakage causing
undergauge hole condition
 Rotary steerable (push-the-
bit) system
54
9/2/2014
SD Recommendations
 Review procedures for RIH

 Insure hole is free of debris
 Exercise caution if reaming undergauge
hole
 Evaluate running parameters and hours
on bit
 Consider using enhanced shirttail
protection
 Improve cutting structure gauge
protection
CI (Cone Interference)
 Bearing failure
 Bit being pinched
 Excessive WOB
CI Recommendations
 Reduce energy levels

 Use proper reaming
guidelines for undergauge
hole sections
 Review application and bit
selection
55
9/2/2014
CC (Cracked Cone)
 Junk on hole bottom
 Striking ledge or bottom
 Dropped drill string
 Hydrogen Sulfide
embrittlement
 Cutting structure failure
 Propagation of cracks
generated by heat after
bearing failure
CC Recommendations
 Monitor and reduce bit on bottom
hours
 Review application and bit
selection
 Check running parameters
 Check procedures for running bit
in hole
 Evaluate hydraulics program
56
9/2/2014
HC (Heat Checking)
 Insufficient cooling due to
balling or inadequate
hydraulics
 Cone drag or restricted cone
rotation
 Reaming an undergauge hole
at high RPM
 Low WOB and high RPM
HC Recommendations
 Increase fluid flowrate
 Reduce RPM while reaming hole
 Review and control WOB and RPM
 Alternate cutting element materials
57
9/2/2014

PN (Plugged Nozzle)
 Jamming bit into fill with pump

off
 Solid material going up drill
string through the bit on
connection and becoming
lodged in nozzle when
circulation resumes
 Solid material pumped down
the drill string and becoming
lodged in a nozzle
 Improper nozzle selection
 Debris from failed or failing rill
string components
PN Recommendations
 Run in hole carefully; break circulation
60ft from bottom and wash and ream to
bottom
 Consider running a float valve
 Avoid mixing nozzles sizes which differ
by more than 2/32”
 Insure no debris is pumped down drill
string
 When a nozzle plugs while drilling
there will be an obvious sudden rise in
standpipe pressure – monitor hydraulic
parameters
58
9/2/2014
SS (Self Sharpening Wear)
 Abrasion from engagement with

formation
 In many applications, self-
sharpening wear is a desirable
characteristic on the cutting
structure
SS Recommendations
 Review bit design and selection

criteria
Additional FC Dull Characteristics
59
9/2/2014
▌ DL – PDC Delamination
 Some or all of diamond
layer has detached cleanly
from the carbide substrate
▌ BF – Bond Failure
 Braze joint between cutter
and bonded extension
sheers or breaks off
▌ Cause: Usually related back to
PDC manufacturing
60
9/2/2014
▌ HC – PDC Heat Check

 Flat wear with small micro
cracks in carbide
 Diamond layer will often be
disintegrated as well
▌ Cause: Excessive heat; possibly
due to inadequate/poor
hydraulics or excessive wear
flats.
▌ LM – Lost/broken Matrix
 Section of blade which has
chipped or broken off bit
 Can occur in locations other
than the blade
▌ Cause: Severe impact, junk in
hole, excessive torque
61
9/2/2014
Fixed Cutter: Additional Dull Characteristics
▌ Cracked Diamond Layer

 Hairline or multiple cracks in
diamond layer visible to
naked eye
▌ Cause: Heat cycles on a
cutter/bit from manufacturing
processes and/or drilling related
heat.
Slide Title (24pt Arial)
▌ Bullet text (20pt Arial)

 Bullet text (20pt Arial)
− Bullet text (20pt Arial)
 Bullet text (20pt Arial)
− Bullet text (20pt Arial)
62

Dull Bit Evaluation: HDBS Training and Development

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dull Bit Evaluation: HDBS Training and Development

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9/2/2014

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Dull Bit Evaluation

HDBS Training and Development

Why we dull grade and evaluate…

▌ Identify operating practices to improve

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 2

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

IADC Dull Grading System

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 4

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 5

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

Inner Cutting Structure (I)

 Used to report the condition of the teeth not touching the

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 6

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 7

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

Cutting Structure Wear

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 8

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

Dull Characteristics (D)

(BC) Broken Cone* (CT) Chipped Teeth

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 9

IADC Dull Grading System – Roller Cone

(LT) Lost Teeth (RR) Re-runnable

(NO) No Dull Characteristic (SD) Shirttail Damage

(NR) Not Refundable (SS) Self-Sharpening Wear

(OC) Off Center Wear (TR) Tracking

(PB) Pinched Bit (WO) Washed Out Bit

(PN) Plugged Nozzle/Flow (WT) Worn Teeth

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 10

IADC Dull Grading System

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 11

IADC Dull Grading System

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 12

IADC Dull Grading System

Bearings and Seals

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 13

IADC Dull Grading System

 The letter “I” (In gauge) indicates

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 14

IADC Dull Grading System

Other Dull Characteristics

 Not restricted to only cutting structure dulling characteristics

 Reported in column 7 under “Other Dull Characteristics

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 15

IADC Dull Grading System

BHA – Change BHA HP – Hole Problems

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 16

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Mechanics of Roller Cone

Mechanics of Roller Cone Dull Grading

 Be thorough and consistent

 Develop a procedure that is repeatable

 Do not focus on one aspect of the dull

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 18

Mechanics of Roller Cone Dull Grading

▌Examine cutting structure

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 19

Mechanics of Roller Cone Dull Grading

 After cutting structure and all bearings