Human and Social Biology

Grade: 11
Time: 2:00 – 3:00 (Friday)
Week 1: 5th – 9th Sept, 2022
Date: 9th Sept, 2022
Micro & Macronutrients

For the body to function properly, it requires nutrients. Some nutrients are needed in large

quantities and are called Macronutrients. On the other hand, some nutrients are needed in small

quantities and are called micronutrients.

Differences between Macro & Micronutrients

Micronutrient Macronutrient

Requirements Small amount Large amount

Function Prevent diseases Provides energy

Deficiency consequences Anemia, Goiter, scurvy Marasmus, Kwashiorkor,

malnutrition

Overconsumption Liver and nerve damage Diabetes, obesity

consequences

Types Vitamins, minerals and trace Carbohydrates, proteins and

elements/minerals fats

Examples Carrot, strawberries, cabbage Bread, chicken, butter

Sources Green and leafy vegetables, Meat, potatoes

fruits
 Human and Social Biology

The excessive consumption or the deficiency of both the macro and micro-nutrients have a

negative impact on the health. Therefore, it is important to have a balanced diet which includes

an equal and required quantity of both macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients.

Starch

Starch is a type of complex carbohydrate. When consumed, it is broken down into glucose by an

enzyme called Amylase, and acts as the main source of energy for all cells in the body.

Reducing and non-reducing sugars

A reducing sugar is a natural sugar that serves as a reducing agent because of the presence of an

aldehyde or ketone functional group in its molecular structure. The non-reducing sugar does not

have a free group.

Lipids

The primary function of lipids is for energy reserves.

Proteins

Proteins are made up of many building blocks called amino acids. Protein is responsible for

growth, repair and development of the cells of our body.