1 Introducing Science 中/EN

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A. What is science?

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Scientists always want to know

why and how it happens.

The study of phenomena and events

in Nature through systematic
observation and experimentation is
called science.

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Why do northern lights take place?

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Where do I come from?

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Why does iron rust?

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B. The branches of science

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Physics
the study of matter,
energy and forces
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Chemistry
the study of the properties,
composition, structure and
reactions of matter
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Biology
the study of living things

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Astronomy
the study of the Sun, the
Moon, the stars and the
Universe
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Geology
the study of the structure
of the Earth
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Medicine
the study of the
human body and
diseases
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branches of science
• physics
• chemistry • astronomy
• biology • geology
• medicine

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Science is the study of phenomena

• ___________
and events in Nature through systematic
observation and experimentation.
• There are different branches of science.

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C. Application and impact

of science

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1. Scientific discoveries
and inventions

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scientific discovery

In the 19th century, Louis Pasteur discovered

that …

microoganisms
can cause
diseases

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scientific invention
Louis Pasteur’s discoveries led to the
invention of …

vaccines of
some diseases

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• discoveries:
• gravity,electricity,structure of DNA...

• inventions:
• microscope,microwave oven,Global
Positioning System(GPS)

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Nuclear weapons can kill

many people.
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Plastics

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discoveries and __________

Scientific __________ inventions have
greatly improved our quality of life. However,
they can also cause harm if not used properly.

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2. Natural resource
management

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The Earth provides us with many natural

resources to meet our needs on food,
water, and shelter.

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The major natural resources of Earth include:

water

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The major natural resources of Earth include:
living things
(plants and
animals)

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The major natural resources of Earth include:

fossil fuels
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The major natural resources of Earth include:

air
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The major natural resources of Earth include:

metal ores
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Natural
resources

Renewable Non-renewable
resources resources
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Renewable resources
will not be used up

Can you give some

examples?

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Renewable resources

Example:
Water

Air
Plants Animals
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Non-renewable resources
supply is limited

Example:

Fossil fuels Metal ores

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With scientific knowledge, we can develop new

ways to manage and use our resources.
Example: Solar panels

• helps reduce the

How? use of fossil fuels
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Another example to manage our natural resources:

Reclaimed water • produced from used

water that is treated
and purified

• very clean and safe to

drink

• helps reduce water

shortage problem

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• There are two types of natural resources,

renewable resources and
____________
non-renewable
____________________ resources.
• Scientific knowledge can help in natural
resource management.

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3. Development of
technology

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Application of scientific knowledge

Develop technology

Create useful products and techniques

Example?

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Example 2: 3D printing

A 3D printer
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• 3D-printed objects are produced from suitable

materials such as a special plastic
• used in a wide range of fields, from home
decoration to health care

3D-printed dental model

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4. Integrating and applying

knowledge and skills of
different subjects

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D. Limitations of science

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Some problems cannot be solved using our
present scientific knowledge.
How can we cure
coronavirus?

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Problems involving relationships, ethics and wars

cannot be solved by using scientific knowledge.

How can I have a

better relationship
with my friends?

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Besides, scientific knowledge is subject to

change.

It may be disproved if it is found to be

wrong by new evidence in the future.

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Example The concept of a flat Earth

has been disproved.
Before 600 BCE, many
people thought that
the Earth was flat.

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Example 1 The concept of a flat Earth

has been disproved.

People believe today that

the Earth is round.
After sailors
completed a voyage
around the Earth

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• Some problems cannot be solved using

scientific knowledge.
• Scientific knowledge is subject to change.

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