Seatwork for Science 9: COPY the important Concepts of LUNGS and Heart in your notebook

Trachea

The Lungs

The lung is the vital organ responsible for breathing particularly gas exchange. The human body
has 1 pair of lungs. Each lung has 2 lobes that have its own pleura-sac. Here are its important parts to
work well: the main stem is the (a) trachea, the large branching stems are the (b) bronchi, and all
the little stems are the (c) bronchioles. The little grapes like are air sacs or (d)alveoli (alveolus in
singular).

Flow of Air in the body

The air we breathe goes through the nose or the nasal opening towards the nasal cavity, these parts are
lined with mucus membrane and cilia or tiny hairs to filter particles in the air.

The pharynx is also known as the throat. It contains the epiglottis which closes off the opening of the
trachea when you swallow. Right below the epiglottis is the larynx or the voice box.

Trachea, which is also known as the windpipe is made up of muscle, elastic fibers, and rings of cartilage
and is lined with mucus-secreting cells and cilia to trap foreign materials. from this tube, air moves
towards the

Bronchi (bronchus for singular), which serve as the extension of the trachea that divides to the left and
right lungs. The bronchi further stem out into tiny stems called bronchioles that carry the air in or out
from the alveoli.

Alveoli then are tiny sacs inside the lungs where gas exchange happens. They are one-cell thick and are
lined with capillary beds. The alveoli increase the surface area for a more efficient exchange of gases in
the lungs.
What is Volcano?

A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that allows molten rock, gases and debris to escape to
the surface. During a volcanic eruption, lava and other debris can flow at speeds of up to 100 mph,
destroying everything in their path. Volcanic ash can travel hundreds of miles and cause severe
health problems.

When magma erupts at the surface as lava, it can form different types of volcano depending on:
 the viscosity, or stickiness, of the magma
 the amount of gas in the magma
 the composition of the magma
 the way in which the magma reached the surface

How do volcanoes form?

The majority of volcanoes in the world form along the boundaries of Earth's tectonic
plates—massive expanses of our planet's lithosphere that continually shift, bumping into one
another. When tectonic plates collide, one often plunges deep below the other in  what's known as
a subduction zone.

Where are all these volcanoes?

Some 75 percent of the world's active volcanoes are positioned around the ring of fire, a
25,000-mile long, horseshoe-shaped zone that stretches from the southern tip of South America
across the West Coast of North America, through the Bering Sea to Japan, and on to New
Zealand.

Types of Volcanoes Shield Volcanoes

Where a volcano produces low

viscosity, runny lava, it spreads far
from the source and forms a volcano
with gentle slopes: a shield volcano.
Most shield volcanoes are formed from
fluid, basaltic lava flows. Mauna Kea
and Mauna Loa are shield volcanoes.
They are the world’s largest active
volcanoes, rising over 9 km above the
sea floor around the island of Hawai’i.

Stratovolcano
Stratovolcanoes have relatively steep
sides and are more cone-shaped than
shield volcanoes. They are formed from
viscous, sticky lava that does not flow
easily. The lava therefore builds up
around the vent forming a volcano with
steep sides. Stratovolcanoes are more
likely to produce explosive
eruptions due to gas building up in the
viscous magma.
Andesite (named after the Andes
Mountains), is perhaps the most
common rock type of stratovolcanoes,
but stratovolcanoes also erupt a wide
range of different rocks in different
tectonic settings.

Cinder cones
- the simplest type of volcano. They are
built from particles and blobs of
congealed lava ejected from a single
vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown
violently into the air, it breaks into
small fragments that solidify and fall as
cinders around the vent to form a
circular or oval cone.