8

MAPEH
Quarter 2 – Week 1-2
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DINAGAT ISLANDS

MAPEH 8
Second Quarter – Learning Activity Sheets
First Set
First Edition, 2020
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Published by Schools Division of Dinagat Islands

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Ivie T. Dramatcho

Editor: Jaype Drexter F. Gumaod
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 Foreword
This Learning Activity Sheets – LAS is designed and written for Grade 8 students
to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent
learning at your own pace and time

This Learning Activity Sheets – LAS is consists of:

Lesson 1: East Asian Arts (Music of Japan)

Lesson 2: Arts and Crafts of Japan
Lesson 3: Basketball
Lesson 4: Courtship, Dating and Marriage

After going through this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:
1. Identify through music listening the characteristics of Japanese music in
relation to their history and culture.
2. Analyze the arts elements (color, line, Shape etc.) and principle in the
production of art in Japan.
3. Discuss the nature and background of Basketball
4. Describe the definition and importance of courtship and dating in choosing
a lifelong partner.
 Pre-test

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer that best describes the statement.

1. How is Japanese Music described?

a. It is gentle and lyrical
b. It is slow in tempo and is very peaceful
c. It is meditative and highly ritualized
d. It is slow and melancholy
2. Which Japanese instrument is the counterpart of the kayageum?
a. koto b. geomungo c. shamisen d. zheng
3. What meter is used in the Japanese song “Sakura”?
a. Quadruple b. Triple c. Duple d. Compound
4. Which of the following do not belong with the group?
a. tsuzumi b. odaiko c. taiko 40 d. changgo
5. Main tone of Japanese Music.
a. Yo-sen and In-sen c. koto and taiko
b. yen and yang d. sho and biwa

Direction: Below are the description of the arts and craft of Japan. Find your answer
on the box .Write your answer on the blank.

_________________ 1. The best known and most popular style of Japanese art.
_________________ 2. It is a kabuki make up applied to most actors
_________________ 3. It is an interpretation of actors own role through the medium
of the facial feature.
_________________ 4. It is a red face painting that indicates devotion, courage,
bravery.
_________________ 5. The painted faces of Japanese Kabuki Theater.

Kumadori kabuki make –up ukiyo-e

Standard make up Guan Ju calligraphy

C. Matching type: Match Column A to Column B.

Column A Column B
_____1. It is a team sport, wherein the objective a. shooting
is to shoot the ball through a basket.
_____2. The first basic skill of Basketball b. dribbling
_____3. Inventor of Basketball c. Bill Russhell
_____4. Led center of Boston Celtics in 1950’s d. Basketball
_____5. A skill you should master in playing basketball e. shooting
f. baseball
D. Loop- a word: Loop as many words as you can that have something to do with
marriage. Give your own definition and use the words in a sentence.

P D A T I N G V C T J L C
R R M A R R I A G E F O O
E E E H T A L C A R E V U
G N F G N E W B O R N E R
N I N F A T U A T I O N T
A E F R I E N D S H I P S
N N S Y F X N Y J K W G H
C T T E U L F A M I L Y I
Y E N G A G E M E N T R P

Answer here:
 Japanese Music
Japanese vocal music is quite different from Western vocal music and is
based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing and how
Japanese musicians show their spiritual mastery in mastering his/ her instruments
more than simply perfecting a technique of some sort and proving entertainment.

Instrumental Music of Japan

Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its

performance is highly ritualized, as much in the music itself. Japanese chamber and
solo music have a slow meditative pace. The performance of Japanese music has
traditionally been a spiritual character similarity to martial arts and other forms of art
such as tea ceremony and calligraphy. It is usually about religious festivals, work,
and dance and love and regional songs.

A. Percussion Instruments

1. Odaiko- performance is an integral part of many

Japanese
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkeqlQeyqK0

2. Tsuzumi
Two varieties
a. Kotsuzumi (smaller)- held on the right shoulder
and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces
b. Otsuzumi (bigger) - is place on the right thigh.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDq2y2Jq9PA&feature=related

3. Tsuridaiko – A large hanging barrel drum

4. Taiko – is a Japanese come from various sizes

and is use to play a variety of musical genres
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zSa6Zz2Zrs&feature=related
B. String Instruments
1. Koto – is a 13- string zither about two meters long and
made of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using picks on
the thumb and first two fingers on the right hand, while
the left hand can be used to modify pitch and tone . It is
used in an ensemble in gagaku or as solo instruments.

2. Shamisen – is a plucked stringed instrument. Its

construction follows a model similar to that of a guitar or a
banjo, employing a neck, and strings stretched across a
resonating body. The neck of the shamisen is fretless, and
is slimmer than that of a guitar or banjo.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5rs7pfZuPs

3. Biwa is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute, often used

in narrative storytelling. The biwa is the chosen
instrument of Benten, goddess of music, eloquence,
poetry, and education in Japanese Shinto.

B. Wind Instruments (Aero phone)

1. Shakuhachi - the most famous flute made from bamboo.
It has 4 or 5finger holes on the front face and a thumbhole
on the rear face. As with other instruments above, it was
imported from China for gagaku
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7swXZWT5o&feature=related

2. Nokan - a parallel, bamboo flute (fue) is the only

melodic instrument used in noh. The melody of the flute
has no specific pitch relationship with the melody of the
chanting.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nOATkFsBO Feature=relate

3. Hichiriki - is a double reed Japanese fue (flute) used

as one of two main melodic instruments in Japanese
gagaku music, the other being the ryūtek.
 4. Sho - is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that
was introduced from China during the Nara period.

5. Shinobue – also called takebue in the context of

Japanese traditional arts) is a Japanesetransverse
flute or fue that has a highpitched sound.

6. Ryūteki - literally "dragon flute" is a Japanese

transverse fue made of bamboo. It is used in
gagaku.

Vocal Music of Japan

The main tone of Japanese music has two modes:
1. Yo-sen
2. In- sen

Both consist of of five primary tones based on a scale with seven tones. The
two remaining tones are considered as auxiliary tones. The ancient melody of
Japanase music is commonly based on these modes. However one melody is not
always in one mode alone. The melody of Japanese music commonly shifts in both
modes they often give emphasis on the second or fourth tone of the mode.
Exercise no.1 Song Analysis

Sing the Yosen scale and the song “Sakura”. Analyze the different musical elements
used.
(Sakura-Cherry Blossoms) is a traditional Japanesefolk song depicting spring, the
season of cherry blossoms.

Sa - ku - ra Sa - ku - ra Ya - yo

i no Sa - ra wa Mi - wa - la - su ka - gi

ri Ka - su - mi - ka ku - mo - ka Ni - O

i - zo I - zu - ru i - za ya i - za

Ay mi - ni Yu - kan -----------

Sakura

Sakura Sakura
sakura yayoi no sorawa
mi-watasukagiri kasumika kumoka nioizo
izuru izaya zaya mini yukan

Cherry Blossoms
Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms,
Across the Spring sky,
As far as you can see.
Is it a mist, or clouds? Fragrant in the air.
Come now, come,
Let’s look, at last
Questions

1. What is the message of the song?

2. How the musical elements reflect Japanese Culture, in terms of

a. Melody

b. Dynamics

c. Timber

d. Rhytm

e. Form
3. What can you conclude from the musical elements in the song in relation to the
characteristics of Japanese music?

Answer here:

Japanese Arts and Crafts

Painting Subject or Themes of Japanese arts :

1.Scenes from every lives

2.Narrative scenes crowded with figures and details

Japanese Ukiyo-e

The best known and most popular style of Japanese art is ukiyo-e ,which is
Japanese for ‘ picture of floating world ‘”and it is related to the style of woodblock
print making that shows scenes of harmony and carefree everyday living. Ukiyo-e
art was produced in a diversity of different media , including painting and become art
domain of the upper classes and royalty but later was also produced by the common
people.

Images from wikipedia.org

Painting in East Asia do not apply only on paper , silk and wood . Performers
of Kabuki in Japan and Peking Opera in China use their faces as the canvas for
painting while mask painting is done in Korea.

Peking oprea face – painting or Jingju Lianpu is done with different colors
in accordance with the performing characters personality and historical assessment.
The hero type characters are normally painted

Guan Ju – Red Huang Pang – Yellow

Indicates devotion, Signifies fierceness
courage , bravery, ambition and cool
uprightness and loyalty headedness.

Zhu Wen – a Green Zhang Fei – Black

face Symbolizes roughness
Tells the audience and fierceness. The
that the character is not black face indicates
impulsive and violent , either a rough and bold
he also lacks self- character or impartial
retraints . and selfless personality
Lian Po- Purple Cao Cao – White
Stands for uprightness Suggests treachery ,
And coolheadedness. suspiciousness and
While reddish purple craftiness it is common
indicates a just noble to see white face of the
character. powerful villain.
Jian Gan – the clown or Chou in Chinese opera has special makeup
patterns called Xiaohualian ( pretty painted face ) Sometimes a small
around the nose show a mean and secretive character. At times , the
xiaohualian is also painted on young age or jester to enliven up the
performance .
Note: Gold and Silver are usually used for God’s and Spirits
Images from library.thinkquest.org

In relatively simple colors whereas enemies bandits , Rebels and other have
more complicated designs on their faces.
It is traditional special way of make up in Chinese Operas in Pursuit of the
expected effect of performance . Originally Lianpu is called False Mask.
Reading Resource : www.absolutechinatours.com

Meaning of Colors in Face Painting

Kabuki Makeup of Japan - interpretation becomes a temporalization of makeup in

collaborationwith the audience.

Kabuki makeup is another way of face painting which has two types:
1. Standard makeup- applied to most actors
2. Kumadori makeup- applied to villians and heroes.

It is compose of very dramatic lines and shapes using colors that represents certain
qualities.
Dark red - passion or anger
Dark blue - depression or sadness
Pink - youth
Light green - calm
Black - fear
Purple - nobility
Some examples of face painting are:

Mukimi - guma or Suji-guma, where lines are painted onto an actor’s face.

Origami – came from “ori” meaning folding and kami meaning paper. It is the
traditional Japanese art of paper folding.Flowers , animals, birds, fish , geometric
shapes and dolls are the common models in Japanese origami.

Calligraphy – Art of beautiful hand writing

Exercise 2: Describe me!

Directions: Have a careful analysis on the following pictures. Identify what is it and
describe each picture as much as you can.
1.

2.

3.

Nature and Background of Basketball

Basketball is a team sport; wherein the objective is to shoot the Ball through a
basket horizontally position to score points while following a set of rules. Two teams
of 5 players play on a play on a marked rectangular court with a basket at each width
end.
A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim in 18 inches in diameter and 10
feet high mounted to backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball
through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting
team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three point line, and three
points known as 3 pointers. Various violations are generally called “fouls “Disruptive
physical contact (personal foul) is penalized. A free throw is usually awarded to an
offensive player if he is fouled shooting the ball. The tallest members of the team will
play “center”, power forward, or small forward position While shorter players or those
who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play “point guard”.

History

It was invented in December 1891 by the Canadian Clergyman, educator and

physician James Naismith. He introduced the game when he was an instructor at the
Young men’s Christian Association Training School (now Springfield College) in
Springfield Massachusetts. At the request of his superior, Dr. Luther H. Gulick, he
organized a vigorous recreation suitable for indoor winter play. The first ball used
was a soccer ball. This game involved the elements of American football, soccer,
and hockey. The team have nine players and the goal is a wooden peach basket
affixed to the wall.
By 1897- 1898 teams of 5 become standard and rapidly spread nationwide in
Canada played by men and women. On 1893- 1895 the number of US Colleges
adopted the game. By 1950, become the major college sports. 1898 the National
Basketball league was formed. About 1915, Original Celtics was organized, they
played as 150 games season and dominated basketball until 1936, In 1927 the
Harlem Globetrotters founded a notable exhibition teams, specializes in amusing
court antics and expert ball handling.
In 1949, two subsequent professional league created the National basketball
League and Basketball Association of America .The Boston Celtic led by their center
Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain a center of Los Angeles Lakers was another leading
during the era . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar also a center game during 1970’s his fame
‘sky hook” shoot while playing Los Angeles and dominated the opposition.
The NBA suffered a drop popularity during 1970’s but was resuscitated
principally through the growing popularity pf its most prominent players Larry Bird of
Boston Celtics , Magic Johnson of Los Angeles Lakers , Michael Jordan of Chicago
Bulls. A new generation Shaquille O’ Neal of Orlando Magic, and Larry Johnson of
Charlotte Hornets, have sustained the NBA’s growth popularity

In 1959, a Basketball Hall of Fame was founded by Springfield,

Massachusetts. Its roster includes the name of great players, coaches, referees, and
people who contributed significantly to the development of the game.

Basic Skills in Basketball

Shooting – is the first basic skills to be learned -the most practiced skill of the game.
Dribbling – is a skill that you should master. It allows you to move around the court
while you’re in possession of the ball
Passing – basketball is a team game, it means all players are involved with the
process of playing the game and should function as one of the primary skills created
to accomplish this is passing.
Rebounding – is one of the major aspects of the game. It is your ability to jump with
power to gain possession of the ball as it bounces to the rim after a failed shoot
before it touches the floor.
Running – is one of the basic skills that a basketball player should possess,
because in this sport, speed defines best.
Exercise no. 3

Let’s check if you understood the lecture given. Answer the following questions:

1. What is basketball?

2. What are the basic kills in playing basketball?

3. What values can be developed in playing basketball?

4. Make a brief history of Basketball. ( at least 10 sentence )

Choosing a lifetime partner involves some processes: crushes or infatuation,

dating, courtship, engagement are practiced and exercised.

Love and infatuation – are both intense emotions that one feels for another person.
Infatuation or crush- is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoning
passion or love; addictive love.
Love – is a deep affection for someone and is based on true desire for the other
person’s best interest.
Affection – admiration for someone that maybe include the desire to get to know
that person better.
Courtship- is the period of the couple’s relationship which precedes their
engagement and marriage or it is an establishment of an agreed relationship
of more enduring kind.

Different Traditional Practices of Courtship in the Philippines

Ilocos and Tagalog Regions

Serenading is known as tapat – to be in front of woman’s house likely the
same as harana. The suitor begins singing a romantic song, and then the courted
lady responded by singing too.

Rooster courtship
Is a form of courting in Luzon. The rooster is assigned to be negotiator
wherein the male chicken is left of the house of the courted lady to crow every
morning for the admired of the lady’s family.

Bulacan
A kind of courtship known as the naninilong means serenading from under the
house, at midnight, the suitor goes beneath the nipa hut, a house that is elevated by
bamboo poles and the pricks the admired woman by using a pointed object to catch
the attention of the sleeping lady, after they converse in whisper.

Batangas
Men manifest their sincerity and loyalty to the women they are courting though
gesture and actions. Women are serenaded with tagalog songs accompanied by a
guitar. Men serve the family and relatives of the women by doing house chores such
as chopping wood, fetching water, cleaning the surroundings.
He is obliged to pay respect to the woman’s parents by saying mano po. In
living room they are seated within proper distance not close to each other.

Pangasinan
Folks make use taga-amo which means tamer a form of love potion or charm
which can be rubbed on the skin of the admired. The suitor may also resort to the
use of palabas meaning show or drama wherein the woman succumbs to revealing
her love to her suitor, who on the other hand pretends to commit suicide if the lady
does not confess her true feelings.

Kalinga
Ifugao’s practice a courtship called ca-i-sing or ebgan to Kalingas and pangis
to Tingguians where man and women are separated into houses. The house for
male is called ato, while the house for females is known as the olog or agamang.
The man visits the woman’s house to sing romantic songs and the woman replies to
these songs through singing. The courtship rituals are guarded by the elders who
inform the parents of both parties about the progress of the courtship.

Palawan
They performed courtship through the use of love riddles or pasaguli. The
purpose of love riddle is to assess the sentiments of parents of both suitor and the
woman. Pabalic / pabalik is done to settle the price in a form of dowry that will be
received by the woman form the courting man.
 Visayas
Cebuanos also resort to serenading called balak. They also write love letters
that are sent through a trusted friend. Presents are not only given to the woman but
also to the relatives. They also used love potion to win the affection of the woman.
Men from Leyte perform the pangagad or paninilbihan instead of paying a
dowry during courtship. The suitor accomplishes household and farm chores for the
family of the woman .It also referred as subok – a trial or test for serving suitor.

Mindanao
Palabas, Sarakahan, Tupul or Magpasumbahi is practiced by Tausugs in
Mindanao. A suitor would threaten to stab his heart while in front of the courted
woman’s father. If the woman’s father refuses to give her daughter’s hand to the
suitor, the suitor is smitten by a knife.
The Bagobos on the other hand, send a knife or a spear as a gift to the home
of the courted woman for inspection. Accepting the weapon is equivalent to
accepting the man’s romantic intention and advances.

Courtship Practices At The Age Of Technology

Nowadays, a man courts a woman through facebook, twitter, skype or other
social networking sites. This is alarming, because may hide their true identities and
intentions using social media sites. There are reported cases of romantic
relationships developed. And end up with betrayal, deceit, and in some case crimes
of passion. This is the reason why you should be careful in making friends in social
media. Think before you click.

Why is it important for couples to undergo Courtship?

1. It gives a person to know better.
2. Courting give time to understand one another.
3. It reveals one’s interest ,likes, dislikes, limitation and aspiration.
4. It allows couple to decide whether they are ready to be committed.
5. It allows couple to determined and focus on what to expect in marriage.
6. It develops security and established respect for each other.
7. It develops understanding and acceptance.

Dating – is a social activity which involves two or more people generally

assessing each other’s suitability for a potential relationship.

Types of Dating
1. Standard Date - involves two people
2. Double Date - two couples go on a date at the same time and place
3. Group Date - where any number of couples can enjoy a date.

Importance of Dating
Dating provides the partners with opportunities to:
1. Strengthen the relationship
2. Spend quality time with each other
3. Observe the others person character
4. Knows one another
5. Knows one strength and weaknesses
6. Reveal any potential problems the partners may have
7. Develop affection and respect
 Engagement is a period of agreement entered between two people in love
for them to be able to know each other and their families well enough to be sure that
they are ready and are suited for lifelong relationship.

Marriage is the most enjoyable human relationship. It is the most significant

event that may happen to your life. It takes only two people, a man and a woman to
unite and make a successful relationship as married couple.
Marriage is a lifelong partnership of a man and a woman. It is two unique
individuals, who understand, respect, care, and love each other. It is a bond between
two people who continue to grow and develop their best qualities as human beings.
Marriage is not a mere contract but an inviolable social institution. Its nature,
consequences and practices are governed by law and not subject to stipulation
except that the marriage settlements may to a certain extent fix the property relations
during the marriage. (Civil Code of the Philippines)
Marriage is a cherished institution under which man and woman believe in
one faith and children are conceived, raised, and nourished to become useful and
productive citizens of the country and the world. It is essential to the continuity of the
human race. Filipinos view marriage as a sacrament and a lifelong commitment.
Husband and wife work for the successful and harmonious relationship at home and
among family members. Trust, respect, kindness, and love are essential factors to
attain this goal.

Exercise 4
A. Make an interview with your parents and a newly married couple (3-4 years of
being married) the following are your guide question.

1. How did they meet each other?

2. How did the man court the woman?

3. What are the hardships did the man encountered in courting stage? Why?
 4. Is the courtship and dating is important to them in choosing a lifetime partner?
Why?

5. What message you can get from the information that you gathered from your
parents and in the newly married couple.

B. Complete the table below. Give the advantages and disadvantages of old
courtship and the millennial courtship. Give as many as you can.

Courtship Advantage Disadvantage

1. Old courtship a. a.
b. b.
c. c.
d. d.
e. e.
2. Millennial a. a.
courtship b. b.
c. c.
d. d.
e e.

C. In your own words, define and explain the importance of Courtship, Dating and
Marriage.
Generalization / Reflections
Activity 5: What I have learned.

I discover that _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
I learned that ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
I am confused on the topic about _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Post test

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. How is Japanese Music described?

a. It is gentle and lyrical
b. It is slow in tempo and is very peaceful
c. It is meditative and highly ritualized
d. It is slow and melancholy
2. Which Japanese instrument is the counterpart of the kayageum?
b. koto b. geomungo c. shamisen d. zheng
3. What meter is used in the Japanese song “Sakura”?
b. Quadruple b. Triple c. Duple d. Compound
4. Which of the following do not belong with the group?
a. tsuzumi b. odaiko c. taiko 40 d. changgo
5. Main tone of Japanese Music.
a. Yo-sen and In-sen c. yen and yang
b. koto and taiko d. sho and biwa
Direction: Below are the description of the arts and craft of Japan. Find your answer
on the box .Write your answer on your activity notebook.

_______________ 1. The best known and most popular style of Japanese art.
_______________ 2. It is a kabuki make up applied to most actors
_______________ 3. It is an interpretation of actors own role through the medium of
the facial feature.
_______________ 4. It is a red face painting that indicates devotion, courage,
bravery.
_______________ 5. The painted faces of Japanese Kabuki Theater.

Kumadori kabuki make –up ukiyo-e

Standard make up Guan Ju calligraphy

C. Matching type: Match Column A to Column B. Write the letter in the space provided.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. It is a team sport, wherein the objective is to shoot the ball a. shooting
through a basket.
_____ 2. The first basic skill of Basketball b. dribbling
_____ 3. Inventor of Basketball c. Bill Russhell
_____ 4. Led center of Boston Celtics in 1950’s d. Basketball
_____ 5. A skill you should master in playing basketball e. shooting
f. baseball

D. Loop- a word: Loop as many words as you can that have something to do with
marriage. Give your own definition and use the words in a sentence.

P D A T I N G V C T J L C
R R M A R R I A G E F O O
E E E H T A L C A R E V U
G N F G N E W B O R N E R
N I N F A T U A T I O N T
A E F R I E N D S H I P S
N N S Y F X N Y J K W G H
C T T E U L F A M I L Y I
Y E N G A G E M E N T R P

Answer here:
 Answers Key

Pre- assessment Post test

A. A.
1. C 1.C
2. A 2. A
3. C 3. C
4. D 4. D
5. A 5. A
B. B.
1.ukiyo-e 1.ukiyo-e
2. standard makeup 2.standard makeup
3. Guan Ju 3.Guan Ju
4. Kumadori 4. kumadori
5. kabuki makeup 5. Kabuki makeup
C. C
1. D 1. D
2. A 2. A
3. E 3. E
4. C 4. C
5. B 5. B
D. D.
1. Dating 1. Dating
2. engagement 2.engagement
3. courtship 3.courtship
4. love 4. love
5. infatuation 5.infatuation
6. marriage 6.marriage
7. friendship 7.friendship
8. pregnancy 8. pregnancy
9. newborn 9. newborn
10. family 10. Family

References
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tj-37nvWMw&featured=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MC29w9iHJbo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssjYy9H7Dvm&related
\http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85Fc2amPf34&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6km6PeWEncY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cy1-qCuTZqY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8wHBwyofLw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7ZeSumH004
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZZAsbAzx6M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNR-_hH_qOM
Images from wikipedia.org
Images from library.thinkquest.org
Grade 8 Music and arts Learners module
Grade 8 Pysical Education and health Learners module