WEEK 14

This law allocates funds, establishes penalties for violations, and controls and eradicates rabies in humans and
animals. It is the declared policy of the State to protect and promote the right to health of the people. A
framework for the management, control, and eventual eradication of human and animal rabies must be created,
as well as the importance of appropriate pet care. All pet owners must comply with the following requirements:
(1) Keep their dogs regularly vaccinated against rabies and keep a registration card that lists all of their dog's
vaccinations for accurate record-keeping purposes; (2) Submit their dogs for required registration; (3) Retain
control of their dogs and prevent them from roaming the streets or any public space without a leash; (4) Be a
responsible Owner by giving their dogs proper grooming, enough food, shelter, and water; (5) Within twenty-
four (24) hours of any dog bite incident, notify the appropriate authorities so that they can conduct an
investigation or take any necessary action. (6) Place the dog under the care of a government or private
veterinarian. (7) Assist the dog bite victim right away and cover any incidental costs related to their injuries,
including any necessary medical expenses.
 
As a nursing student who's additionally a dog lover, proprietors have to be informed approximately the National
Rabies Prevention and Control Program. For this program exercises the: (1) mass vaccination of Dogs; (2)
establishment of a valuable database device for registered and vaccinated Dogs; (3) impounding, subject
manipulation, and disposition of unregistered, Stray, and unvaccinated Dogs; (4) behavior of records and
training marketing campaign on the prevention and manipulate of Rabies; (5) provision on a pre-publicity
remedy to excessive hazard employees and Post Exposure Treatment to animal chunk victims; (6) provision of
loose recurring immunization or Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (P.E.P.) of schoolchildren elderly 5 to 14 in regions
in which there may be an excessive prevalence of rabies in addition to the (7) encouragement of the exercise of
accountable pet ownership. Getting to seminars concerning the well-being of our pets, becoming a member of
Facebook organizations of fur parents, and via way of means of socializing with different proprietors in a canine
park also can decorate the owner’s know-how approximately their pet.

WEEK 15 CANCER OVERVIEW

Since cancer can affect any organ system and treatment options may have multisystem effects, cancer nursing
practice overlaps with many other nursing specializations. Cell growth can take one of two different forms: (1)
Benign (noncancerous) growths are growths that are not cancer. It does not expand to other bodily areas or
encroach on neighboring tissue. (2) Cancer is referred to be malignant (cancerous). Through the blood and
lymphatic systems, malignant cells can enter adjacent tissues, develop out of control, and invade other regions
of the body.
Benign and malignant cells differ in a few ways: (1) Benign cells are well-differentiated and resemble normal
cells in the tissue where the tumor first developed, (2) Benign tumors are typically enclosed and grow through
expansion rather than infiltration. Malignant growth, on the other hand, occurs at the periphery and overcomes
contact inhibition to infiltrate the tissues in the vicinity, (3) Benign tumors grow slowly, however, malignant
tumors grow more quickly the more anaplastic they are. Malignant tumor growth rates vary and rely on the
extent of differentiation.
(1) One approach to cancer detection and prevention is the use of vaccination to reduce the risk of cancer by
preventing infections connected to cancer. (2) Screening and early detection programs that check persons
without symptoms or warning signs of the disease for precancerous lesions and early-stage cancer. Early cancer
detection may lower the costs, resource use, and morbidity associated with later cancer stages and their intricate
associated treatment methods.
WEEK 15 CNS
Since cancer can impact any organ system and treatment options may have effects on several systems, cancer
nursing practice intersects with many other nursing specialties. It is assumed that at least a three-step cellular
process is involved in the initiation, development, and advancement of oncologic disorders such as
carcinogenesis, malignant transformation, or carcinogenesis. During the early stages of the disease, carcinogens
(substances that can cause cancer), such as chemicals, physical situations, or biological agents, alter cellular
DNA. DNA repair procedures can typically correct these anomalies, or the changes may cause apoptosis
(programmed cell death) or cell senescence. Permanent cellular mutations may occur if cells manage to get past
these barriers, however, this seldom affects the viability of the cells before the second stage of carcinogenesis.
The type of drug, the promoter dose, the intrinsic properties, the genetic stability, and the latency intervals for
the stimulation of cellular changes in the target cell all differ from one another. As the altered cells grow, they
act in a way that is more and more malignant. These cells acquire the ability to encourage metastasis, invasion
of neighboring organs, and angiogenesis, the formation of new blood arteries that support cancer cells.
Ductal carcinoma in situ is a type of breast cancer (DCIS). The distinguishing characteristic of DCIS is
malignant cell development inside milk ducts without extensive tissue invasion. DCIS does not spread, in
contrast to invasive breast cancer. DCIS may develop into invasive breast cancer if left untreated. Another risk
factor for getting lung cancer or bronchogenic carcinoma is smoking cigarettes. The number of packs smoked
each day divided by the number of years smoked, the age at which smoking was first started, the depth of
inhalation, and the amounts of tar and nicotine in the cigarettes are all factors that affect risk. Depending on
when a person starts smoking, the risk of developing lung cancer rises with age. Lung cancer is more common
overall in people who smoke and use smokeless products as additional nicotine sources.

WEEK 16 GIT
A condition known as colorectal cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the colon or rectum. The
most typical presenting sign and symptom is a change in bowel habits, and the second most frequent indication
and symptom like the presence of blood in or on the feces. Exhaustion, anorexia, weight loss, and undiagnosed
anemia may also be symptoms. Colorectal cancer can be detected and prevented with the use of screening. By
lowering the incidence of colorectal cancer and raising patient survival rates, screening colonoscopies can
reduce mortality. If colorectal cancer is found early on, it can be removed before it progresses to a malignant
stage since it develops slowly from polyps in the colon or rectum. Surgery is the mainstay of the initial regimen
for colorectal cancer. Both the main tumor and the lymph nodes must be removed with precise margins.
According to several research, those who engage in more physical activity, maintain a healthy weight, consume
less alcohol, and don't smoke may have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer. The right amount of
omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, and flavonoids, and practicing living a healthy lifestyle can prevent
tumors from growing.

WEEK 16 GUT
The lower portion of the uterus that attaches to the vagina, or the cervix, is where the cells of cervical cancer
development. Rarely do early cervical cancer signs appear. If there are symptoms, they can go unnoticed
because they resemble the thin, watery vaginal discharge that is typically seen after penile-vaginal sex or
douching. If signs such as discharge, irregular bleeding, or pain or bleeding following penile-vaginal sex start to
manifest, the problem may already be advanced. A Pap smear can detect cervical cancer in its early stages
microscopically. A big, reddish growth or a deep, ulcerating lesion may be found during a pelvic examination in
advanced stages. The patient may complain of bleeding or spotting. Early vaccination and frequent screening
tests are the two most crucial things you can do to help avoid cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine gives defense
against the strains of HPV that are most frequently associated with vulvar, vaginal, and cervical cancers. The
HPV vaccine can be administered as early as age 9, but the CDC (2021) recommends waiting until preteens are
11 to 12 years old before receiving it. If they haven't already, everyone under the age of 26 should obtain the
HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine is not advised for those over the age of 26. There are fewer advantages to HPV
vaccination in this age group since more people in this group had already been exposed to HPV.

WEEK 17
The medical word for an increase in leukocytes (WBCs) in the bloodstream is leukocytosis. One cell type is
often multiplied alone. Due to the low proportions of some leukocyte types, like eosinophils, basophils, and
monocytes, an increase in other types, especially neutrophils or lymphocytes, may be enough to boost the total
leukocyte count. Symptoms of acute leukemia emerge quickly, frequently within a few weeks. Because
leukocyte growth is halted during the blast phase, a large percentage of leukocytes are undifferentiated cells or
blasts. Acute leukemia can advance swiftly and result in death within weeks or months if it is not treated right
once. The progression of chronic leukemia is slower, and its progression may take years. 
Nutritional intake will be improved as part of the nursing intervention for acute leukemia. The progression of
the illness may cause the patient's metabolic rate and dietary needs to increase. Because of stomatitis-related
pain and discomfort, nutritional intake is frequently decreased. Increased intake can be achieved by encouraging
or providing mouth care before and after meals as well as by giving analgesic medications. Nursing intervention
for acute leukemia also involves reducing fatigue and activity tolerance. The nurse should concentrate on
helping the patient find a healthy balance between exercise and rest. To avoid the deconditioning that comes
from inactivity, patients with acute leukemia need to maintain some level of physical activity and exercise.