Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education

CC 103 BIOCHEMISTRY FOR MLS
NAME: Elaine Joy D. Villenas SCORE:
COURSE AND YEAR: BSMT 2-A DATE: Nov. 09, 2022

Laboratory Activity No. 6

Test for Lipids

OBJECTIVES
1. Examine the different physical and chemical properties of lipids.
2. Compare the properties of soap with detergents.

MATERIALS
Equipment
Medicine dropper tripod
10 test tubes Bunsen burner
Test tube rack wire gauze
Water bath stirring rod
Crucible tongs 2 beaker 50 mL
Test tube holder stopper
Reagents
bromine distilled water
20% NaOH solution phenolphthalein
NaCl solution MgCl2
concentrated HCl CaCl2

III PROCEDURE
A. Test for Unsaturation
1. Shake 0.5 mL of the oil sample with 2.5 mL of ether and add 2 drops of bromine.
2. Shake again and note the changes in bromine water.
3. Do the same with the other oil sample.

B. Saponification
1. To a few drops of oil sample in a test tube, add 6 mL of 20% NaOH and mix.
2. Keep in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes. Stir occasionally and cool.
3. Divide the clear solution into 3 test tubes.
4. To the first test tube, add 10 mL of water, shake vigorously and add 2 mL
phenolphthalein. Observe any change in color.
5. To the second test tube, add 2 mL of NaCl solution. Note the precipitate formed.
6. To the third test tube, add concentrated HCl drop by drop with mixing. Note the scrum
formed at the top.

C. Comparison of soap and detergent

1. Prepare a solution of 1 g of a powdered detergent in 50 mL of distilled water.
2. Test the pH of your soap solution and detergent solution by adding phenolphthalein.
Record the results.
3. Pour 10 mL of your soap solution in two labelled test tubes. Add 2 mL of 0.5% CaCl2
solution in test tube 1; and 2 mL of 0.5% MgCl2 to the second tube. Do this procedure
again using detergent solution.
4. Fill a test tube with about 10 mL of warm water. Add 1 mL of olive oil, stopper and shake.
Observe. Now, add 1 mL of soap solution to the tube, stopper and shake again. Repeat
this procedure using detergent. Observe in similar manner.

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph
 Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
IV OBSERVATION
A. Test for Unsaturation

No. of drops of
Substance Tested Observation
bromine used
Nothing happened; it is clear,
Olive Oil 2 drops
transparent and became lighter
Nothing happened; it is clear or
Vegetable Oil 2 drops
transparent
Nothing happened; it is clear or
Coconut Oil 2 drops
transparent
Nothing happened; it is clear but it
Butter 2 drops
is a little blurry
Margarine 2 drops Nothing happened; it is clear

After a few drops of bromine, no change happened in the samples. All of the
samples are clear. Clear color result after adding bromine indicates unsaturation. Since all of
the sample’s results are clear, it means that it is positive in unsaturation tests.

B. Saponification
Sample: Coconut Oil

1. Observation: After mixture being done, it was exposed in a boiling water for 20 minutes.
There is a precipitation or scrum forming at the bottom of the solution of coconut oil and a
6 mL of NaOH, upon water bathing. Thus, it needs to stir occasionally.

2. In the first test tube, what was formed in the hydrolytic process?
There is a formation of scrum or precipitate at the bottom of the first tube. Upon
adding a pinch of phenolphthalein, the color of the solution changed or turns into
dark purple or very dark pink color.

3. The color of the precipitate on the second test tube is there is a little formation of
precipitation at the bottom of the tube. The color changed into pinkish color and
it remains clear. We also notice of oil formation at the top of the solution.

4. The scum formation on the top layer of the third test tube indicates the formation of
soap and it became blurry or hazy.

5. In the third test tube, what is formed after adding HCl?

There is a formation of scrum or precipitation at the top of the solution.

C. Soap and detergents

Tests performed Soap Detergent

pH No change (acidic) Became dark pink (Basic)
CaCl2 Hazy or blurry
There is a formation of scrum
on top
MgCl2 Clear A little hazy
Emulsification Bubbles or olive oil formed on Olive oil or little bubbles
top formed on top

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph
 Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
V GENERALIZATION
This laboratory activity is about testing or determining the fatty acids of the
given samples. As a result, all of the oil samples shows a positive result in
unsaturation tests because all of it results to a clear or transparent after adding a few
drops of bromine. And the other two samples, specifically the butter (fats) shows a
negative result in the unsaturation test. The second test, saponification, we used
coconut oils as the sample. I realized that some of the samples results in a hazy or
blurry after adding some reagents. We also observed that there are formation of
scrum or precipitate formed at the bottom of the solution upon adding NaOH. In the
first tube, I notice some bubble formation above the solution. And in the last test, the
comparison between the soap and detergent. Upon adding phenolphthalein, the pH of
soap shows no change which indicates that it is acidic. This result is opposite in
detergent solution. The detergent shows a pink color which indicates that it is a base.
Meanwhile, CaCl2 and MgCl2 shows the solubility of both of the solutions. Lastly,
both of the solutions formed a scrum on top and the olive oil is visible.

VI DRAWING

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph