Life in Makkah

ANcestors

- HAzrat Ismail and HAzrat Ibrahim

- Hazrat Ismail - 12 sons
- 1 son in Hejaz Arabia
- Fihr - Quraish
- Qussai - key of kaabah
- Grandson hashim
- Trade caravans
- Abdul Muttalib: restore zamzam , dialogue with Abrahah & raised
grandson
- Abdullah passed away on a trade journey - inheritance
- Aminah ( d/0 Wahab )
- 12 Rabbi-ul-Awwal
- Named Muhammad

Conditions of Arabia

- Polytheism
- Idolatry
- Stone & trees
- No belief in life after death
- No moral code
- Drinking & other sins
- Widows , orphans , slaves & women
- Marriage
- No government or law
- Tribal rivalries
- heroism , liberty, hospitality and eloquence
Birth and upbringing

- Bedouin women
- Halima Saadia
- ‘My mother’
- Age 6, came back
- Yasrib trip
- Abwa ( grave of Hazrat Aminah )
- Umm-e-aiman
- Abdul Muttalib
- ABu Talib
- No education
- Syria at 12
- Bahira
- Meditation
- Helpful & kind
- Shepard

HArb-ul-fijar

- 15 years old
- Sacrilegeous war
- Quraish and Huwazain tribes
- Sacred months
- accompanied uncles
- Collected arrows
- Major impact
- Dislike for war
- Military experience

Half-al-fazl

- Result of fijar
- Maintaining peace
- Rights of the weak & poor
 - Suppress violence
- 3 people- fazl
- Fazl meant maintaning honour
- Led by Zubair-bin-Abdul Muttalib
- House of Abdullah-bin- JUdan
- Remove injustice from the lands
- Prophet ( pbuh ) was there
- Herd of red camels

Al-sadiq & Al-Amin

- Shepard
- Trader
- HAzrat Saad - partner
- Al-sadiq & Al-Amin
- Even ofter prophethood

Marriage to Khadijah

- Wealthy and respected widow

- Daughter of Khuwalid
- 40, widowed twice
- 3 children ( previous marriages )
- Tahira
- SYria
- Maisara
- Offer of marriage
- Abu talib accepted
- 25 & 40
- 2 sons 4 daughters
- Only wife till death
- Death age 65, 10th year of prophethood
- Makkah
Fixing of the black stone

- Lowest part of the mountain of faran

- Flooded by rainwater
- Methods of stopping flooding
- Destroyed & rebuilt
- Amongst families
- Divide leaders
- Dispute arose for the black stone
- Fear of bloodshed
- Wise old man
- 1st person to enter the kaabah
- Prophet ( pbuh ) entered first
- 35 y/o
- Cloth with stine in the middle
- Chiefs lifted
- Prophet ( pbuh ) placed it
- Explosive situation resolved

Call to prophethood

- Corrupt society
- Polytheistic ideas
- God ( ancestors )
- No worship
- Force of truth
- More solitude
- Dates, water & oatmeal
- Cave hira
- End of ramadan
- Hazrat jibrael
- Asked to read x3
- Squeezed hard
- Hazrat jibrael recited
- First 5 verses of surah alaq
 - Prophet ( pbuh ) repeated
- First revelation at 40
- Angel jibrael - human form
- scared/shocked
- Narrated to khadijah
- Warqa bin naufal
- Prophet of ALlah
- Enemies would take him out of the city

Preaching by the holy prophet ( pbuh )

- Revelations stopped
- Anxiety & restlessness
- Left his house
- Saw angel jibrael in the sky
- Ran back
- Covered in blanket
- Another revelation
- 1st 4 converts: Hazrat khadijah, zaid bin harris , abu bakr
- Next 3 years - 40 people ( usman, zubair, abdur rahman bin auf, abi
waqas & abdullah bin masud )
- 3rd revelation
- Invited to dinner
- Hazrat ali only supporter
- 4th revelation
- Public announcement
- Safa hill
- Army - accepted
- islam - rejected
- Made fun
- Pligrims & other cities

Oppostion and persecution by the quraish

- declaring message
- Total change in life
 - Influential people of makkah - hostile
- Leaders of opposition: abu jahl, abu lahab , abu sufyan , walid bin
mughaira , atba bin rabi
- Poor weak converts; bilal, ammar bin yasir
- Rich converts; talha,zubair, usman, abu bakr, saed bin masud
- Holy prophet - physical abuse
- Campaign - mad man, poet, magician
- Abu lahab sons divorce prophet’s daughters
- Abtar
- Offers of marriage , fortune and kingdom
- Abu talib approaced
- Sun and moon
- Banu hashim pledged life

Reasons for opposition

The reasons for opposition are the following ;

- The quraish took the teachings of islam as an insult to idol worship

and the ways of their ancestors

- The location of the kaabah was a source of income for the quraish

- The rise of islam posed a danger to the dignity and th prestige of the
quraish which they held for centuries

- Arabs committed sins like murder, gamling and drinking which islam
forbids and the Quraish were not ready to give up these evil practices

- The cheifs of makkah wanted the prophet to be from banu immayah

as they could not bear anyone from banu hashim to take this title

- The quraish believed the holy quran should have been revealed to
some influential person and not the holy prophet
 - The quraish were proud of their chiefs for their wealth, sons and
worldly power and the holy prophet did not have any of these

Reactions of early muslims towards persecution

- Very strong faith and belief

- Maintained their faith
- Muslim slaves tortured
- Leadership of the holy prophet ( pbuh )
- Migration to abyssinia
- Courage, discipline & patience
- Forced to live in a valley
- Small group of believers

Migration to abyssina

- Hardships increased
- 5th year of prophethood
- Group 1 : 11 men & 4 women
- Group 2 : 79 men & 7 women
- Najashi : kind christian king
- Qurasih sent expensive gifts
- Listen to both sides
- Hazrat jafar spoke
- Surah maryam verses
- Gospel and quran
- Quraish returned

Significance to migration to abyssinia

The significance of migration to abyssinia are as follows;

- It was the first major political move taken by the holy prophet

- The emigrants had thier full loyalty towards islam

 - The loyalty of muslims in makkah was also strengthened

- The migration to abyssinia developed the feeling of unity amongst

both muslim groups

- The migration took the message of islam further and out of arabia

- Muslims of abyssinia established a close community according to

the teachings of islam

Boycott

- Acceptance of islam by hamza & umar

- Banu hashim withdrew support
- Face boycott
- 7th year of prophethood
- Agreement of social and economic boycott
- Hung in kaabah
- Shib-abi-alib - except abu lahab
- Only pilgrimage
- Boiled leather and leaves for food
- 3 years
- Kind hearted man
- New converts
- Disunity among quraish

Year of grief

- 10th year of prophethood

- Hazrat khadijah died
- Abu talib passed away
- Holy prophet wa deeply greived
- Am-ul-hazn
- Oppurtunity for enemy
- Muslims shared sorrow
Marriage to sawdah and aisha

- 10th year of prophethood

- Married sawdah
- Widow of companion
- Same year
- Married aisha d/o abu bakr
- Marriage was solemnised in makkah

Visit to taif

- Death of abu lahab

- Explore new venues
- Zaid bin harris
- Saqeef in taif
- Approached chiefs
- Crowd of teenagers
- Abuses and stones
- Both badly injured
- Prophet’s ( pbuh ) shoe full of blood
- Took refuge in orchard
- Bunch of grapes by slave
- Prayed for the people of taif
- 9 a.h taif embraced islam

Mairaj

- Isra
- Mairaj
- 27th rajab , 10th year of prophethood
- Woken up at night
- Buraq
- Masjid-al-aqsa in jerusalem
- Led 2 rakats
- All prophets
 - 2 vessels - milk and wine - fitrah
- Rode buraq again
- Met prophets on each heaven
- Lote tree
- 3 gifts ; prayers , surah baqarah verses & paradise
- Heaven & hell
- Brought back
- Unique and blessed

Pledges of aqabah

- Preached to travellers
- 11th year of prophethood
- 6 pilgrims
- Asad bin zurarah
- 12th year of prophethood
- 12 people
- Musab bin umayr
- At aqabah
- 13th year of prophethood
- 75 people
- Hazrat abbas ( r.a ) pointed risks
- Prophet ( pbuh ) recited verses
- Took a pledge to protect and fight
- Battle pledge
- 12 deputies
- Islam spread rapidly in yasrib

Migration to yasrib ( causes )

The causes of migration to yasrib are the following ;

- The pledges of aqabah gave the ideas to the holy prophet ( pbuh ) to
migrate to yasrib
 - The people of makkah were rude and ill tempered wheras the people
of yasrib were tender hearted and considerate

- The holy prophet ( pbuh ) was despised by the people of makkah

whereas the people of yasrib invited him to their city
- The priests of makkah were against islamas it opposed idol worship.
on the other hand there was no priest class in yasrib

- The two tribes of yasrib and khazraj needed a strong leader who
could establish peace and end thier long lasted enmity

- The jews of yasrib knew that the holy prophet ( pbuh ) was a
supporter of their scripters hence rhey were eager to receive him

- The aggressive attitude of the quraish and persecution led to

migration

- The muslims realised after the pledges that the people of yasrib
would welcome them an it was a place for them to seek refuge

Event of migration

- Migration to yasrib
- Only abu talib & hazrat ali left
- Dar-ud-nawda - one person from each tribe to attack
- allah informed the prophet ( pbub )
- immediate migration with hazrat abu bakr
- hazrat ali lay on bad
- reward of 100 camels
- cave of saur - 3 days
- Hazrat abdullah and hazrat asma brought food & news
- Cobwebs , pigeons and trees
- Quba - mosque
- Friday prayers - at quarters of banu salim
- Reached
- Greeted
 - Camel sat on empty plot for mosque
- Aby ayub ansari
- Madinah-tun-nawbwi
- Hijrah islamic calendar

Importance of migration to yasrib

The importance of migration is as follows ;

- The muslim calendar starts from hijrah and not from any other event
of the prophet’s ( pbuh ) life

- The migration not only changed arabia but it transformed the entire
course of history

- After migration muslims who practiced islam secretely became

strong enough to stand up against injustice and persecution

- In madinah the holy prophet ( pbuh ) got the chance to preach, explain
and practice faith along his followers according to the
commandments of ALlah

- Muslims despite being different in terms of colour, race, social and

economic status were organised into disciplined communities

- Madinah was the city where the prophet’s ( pbuh ) call received
maximum response and continued to grow as an expact.

- The muslims left their homes, properties and prized possessions

proving that ALlah and His religion were most important for them
than anything else in the world

- The biggest blessing of migration was the creation of brotherhood

between muhajirin and ansar
 - Migration was a turning point in the life of the prophet ( pbuh ). In
madinah he was made the head of state, a politician , leader and
religious teacher and to each of these he proved equally capable

The holy prophet’s ( pbuh ) experience in caves

Cave hira

- Beginning of revelation of the holy quran

- Marked the beginning of prophethood and the spread of islam’s
universal message
- Revelations by angel jibrael
- Reveals prophet muhammad ( pbuh ) was like any other person

Cave of saur

- Allah’s miracles e.g the cobwebs, pigeons and tree branches

- Led to the safe emigration of madinah
- Preserved the opportunity of the pread of islam
- Allah protects His chosen people from evil
- Allah has power and control over everything
- Turning point
- Led to the consolidation of muslim rule in madinah