UKZN HOWARD COLLEGE, SOA, AFRICAN LANGUAGES

ZM Mpungose (Grammar) ZM Mpungose (Grammar) New Lecturer (TBC)

(mpungosez1@ukzn.ac.za) (mpungosez1@ukzn.ac.za)

Advanced IsiZulu A (ZULM201) WEEK 4

A] Izinhlobo zezakhi
1.Ezomqondo (lexical morphemes) – sinikeza/senza
umqondo (-ntu, -bon-, -dlal- njll)
2. Ezohlelo (grammatical morphemes) – asiwenzi
umqondo, sikhonela nje ukuba amagama/imisho
ibhaleke kahle (umuntu-abantu-imi, isi-, izi-, -uhambile,
-kazi, -ana (isakhi senkathi edlule), -ana njll.)
3. Ezikwazi ukuzimela (free morphemes), noma,
ukuba, manje, njll
4. Ezingakwazi ukuzimela (bound morphemes)

B] Ibizo nokusebenza kwalo nezakhi zohlelo

(i)Izinga lokuqala lokwengezwa kwengezwa
kwesakhi (1st layer of inflection)
*Izinga lokuqala yilelo eliphongozwa kwisiqalongqo, lolu
hlobo lokwengeza lusebenza emabinzaneni ebizo
ajwayelekile (simple Noun Phrase/NP forms)
NP: Intombazane ende enhle ehloniphayo ifunda
eKapa.
Isib: u-muntu, i-Sintu, u-Buntu a-bantwana, i-zinja njll
(ii) Izinga lesibili lokuphongozwa kwesakhi
esandulela isiqalo sebizo (2nd layer of inflection)
*Izinga lesibili libonisa umsebenzi othile emshweni
(syntactic function) kanti lifakwa landulele
amabizo/amagama asevele eseneziphongozo zeziqalo
(initial vowels). Izinga lesibili lokuphongozwa kwezakhi
ezandulela iziqalo zamabizo livamise ukunganciki
esigabeni sebizo
Example: 2nd layer 1st layer stem

Kubafana ku- a- bafana Undaweni (locative)

Njengoyise njenga- u- yise Isifaniso (comparative)

Wentombi wa- i- ntombi Ongumnini (possessive)

*Ukulumbana konkamisa/nokwehliswa konkamisa (vowel coalescence

and vowel lowering) kuvamise ukusebenza kakhulu ezingeni lesibili
lokuphongozwa kwesakhi esandulela isiqalongqo emabizweni

Isibonelo
(i)Ukwengezwa kwesakhi esinika umqondo
wokuhambisana/ukuphelezela (Associative
Inflection)
Associative Inflection (with pre-prefix na-, meaning
"with, also, even")

na + indoda—> ne nendoda na + uthisha --> no

nothisha
na + amadoda --> na namadoda na + onesi—>
no/nawo nawonesi/nonesi
na + omkhulu —> nomkhulu na + enhle —> nenhle
with absolute (isabizwana soqobo): naye (yena); nayo
(yona); nabo (bona); nazo (zona; nathi (thina); nawe
(wena); nami (mina).
*Isakhi u-na (oyisakhi esinika umqondo
wokuhambisana noma ukuphelezela), sinezakhana
ezingaphansi kwaso (/:/na—ne-no- n-/

Izakhi zohlelo eziphongozwa noma ezengezwa

ngaphambi kwesiqalo sebizo
(i)Ukwen