Basic Knots

1. Overhand Knot Known as the simplest of the Single-Strand Stopper Knots.” It can also be
used to prevent the end of a piece of rope unraveling.
2. Surgeon’s Knot The surgeon's knot is a secure way to tie sutures or ligate critical vessels.
It is particularly useful when using nonabsorbable monofilament sutures.
Another advantage of this knot is to use the double first throw to keep it
from slipping when approximating tissues under tension.
3. Timber Hitch The Timber Hitch is useful when towing a spar or log either afloat or on
land. When used for this purpose, the Timber Hitch is often placed near
the center of the spar and a separate Half Hitch is dropped over the end
of the spar to act as a guide.
4. Figure of Eight Provides a quick and convenient stopper knot to prevent a line sliding out
of sight, e.g., up inside the mast. Its virtue is that, even after it has been
jammed tightly against a block, it doesn’t bind; it can be undone easily.
This virtue is also, occasionally, a vice. The Figure 8 Knot can fall undone
and then has to be retied.
5. Slip Knot The slip knot is a stopper knot which is easily undone by pulling the tail
(working end). The slip knot is related to the running knot, which will
release when the standing end is pulled. Both knots are identical and are
composed of a slipped overhand knot, where a bight allows the knot to
be released by pulling on an end; the working end for a slip knot, and the
standing end for a running knot. The slip knot is used as a starting point
for crochet and knitting.
6. Clove Hitch The clove hitch is an ancient type of knot, made of two successive single
hitches tied around an object. It is most effectively used to secure a
middle section of rope to an object it crosses over, such as a line on a
fencepost. It can also be used as an ordinary hitch, or as a binding knot,
but it is not particularly secure in either application. It is considered one
of the most important knots, alongside the bowline and the sheet bend.
7. Square Knot One of the most basic knots is the square knot, which is a type of end
knot. This knot is useful tying up bundles and packages. It is also used for
first aid, where it can be used to tie a bandage around a wound to stop
the bleeding quickly.
8. Granny Knot The granny knot is a binding knot, used to secure a rope or line around an
object. It is considered inferior to the reef knot (square knot), which it
superficially resembles. Neither of these knots should be used as a bend
knot for attaching two ropes together.
9. Clove Hitch The clove hitch is an ancient type of knot, made of two successive single
hitches[1]: 283  tied around an object. It is most effectively used to secure a
middle section of rope to an object it crosses over, such as a line on a
fencepost. It can also be used as an ordinary hitch, or as a binding knot,
but it is not particularly secure in either application. [1]: 18, 224  It is
considered one of the most important knots, alongside the bowline and
the sheet bend.
10. Sheep shank The sheepshank is a simple knot useful for temporarily shortening a rope.
It is made by making a double loop in the rope and tying a half hitch at
 each end. It can be used to strengthen a rope at its weak point by placing
the weak part in the middle between the two loops. The sheepshank will
hold only while there is a strain on the knot to keep the half hitches taut. 
11. Dog shank is a variant of the sheepshank where the eyes formed at each end have
the ends of the rope passed through them to prevents the knot from
spilling. At least one end of the rope must be available to tie or untie this
knot.
12. Fisherman’s Knot The fisherman's knot is a bend (a knot for joining two lines) with a
symmetrical structure consisting of two overhand knots, each tied
around the standing part of the other. Other names for the fisherman's
knot include: angler's knot, English knot, halibut knot, waterman's knot,
and true lovers' knot.