Pedal Operated Water Filtration System-1

Pedal Operated Water Filteration System
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Pedal Power

Pedal power is the transfer of energy from a human source through the use of
a foot pedal and crank system. This technology is most commonly used for
transportation and has been used to propel bicycles for over a hundred years. Less
commonly pedal power is used to power agricultural, hand tools and even to produce
electricity. Some relevance includes pedal powered grinders and pedal powered water
wells. Some third world development projects currently transform used bicycles into
pedal powered tools for sustainable development. This project concentrates on pedal
powered water Filteration.
These are the human powered magnification units driven manually, the units
may be driven by hand or foot. Thus, the human powered machines can be
categorized.
• Hand Operated Human Powered Machines: These machines are operated by

hand and are available in the hand and foot operated forms.
Figure 1.1: Hand Operated Human Powered Machines
GHRCEM, Amravati Page 1

• Hand Crank with Gear Transmission Unit:

Rotary motion of crank is transmitted through gear train. Gear train may be
used to rise speed and/or torque, e.g. Sugarcane Juice extractor.
Figure 1.2: Sugarcane Juice extractor
• Hand Crank with Chain Drive:

Rotary motion of crank is transmitted throughcrank and chain drive as in
bicycle, e.g. Tri-cycle for orthopedically handicapped person.
Figure 1.3: Hand Crank with Chain Drive

• Foot Operated Human Powered Machines:

These machines are operated by foot and hand operated human powered
machines are available
Figure 1.4: Foot Operated Human Powered Machines
• Treadle Powered Unit:

To drive treadle powered unit operator uses one foot to pedal the machine.
These machines are available with following mechanical arrangements, treadle
Powered Unit with Crank, Connecting Rod. The oscillating motion of pedal is
converted in to rotary motion through crank and connecting rod and then is
transmitted to processing unit. Chain and crank or belt and pulley maybe used for
further transmission, e.g. Sewing Machine.
Figure 1.5: Sewing Machine for Treadle Powered Unit

• Bicycle Technology:
The rotary motion of foot pedal is transmitted through crank, chain and
sprocket to the processing unit.
Figure 1.6: Bicycle Technology
1.2 Water Filteration System

Failure to provide safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation services to all
people is perhaps the greatest development failure of the 21st century. The most
egregious consequence of this failure is the high rate of mortality among young
children from preventable water-related-diseases. Water is essential to sustain life,
and a satisfactory (adequate, safe and accessible) supply must be available to all.
Improving access to safe drinking-water can result in tangible benefit to health.
Nearly, one billion people suffer needlessly without access to safe drinking water
andover five thousand children die each day because of water related diseases. Water-
related diseases caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breeds in water;
include dengue, filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis and yellow fever.
Drinkable water sources are distant from most villages in maharastra state in india.
Women and children especially spends hours of labour just to meet the basic needs of
their families walking five miles and more to nearby towns just to have access to
drinkable (purified) water whiles most children also go to school with gallons and
jerry cans as to fetch water for their families after school. Some well to do inhabitants
in these villages travel long distances with motor bikes and trucks which consume
fuel and pollute the air.

Figure 1.7: Water Filteration system
Moreover, a family of five needs a minimum of 56.78 litres of water each day.
The only way to sanitize the stream water is by boiling which also consumes precious
resources and contributes to deforestation since the only source of energy for boiling
this much water is firewood and charcoal. The process of selecting the water source
should take account of the particular needs of low-income people, because they are at
greatest risk of infectious diseases from inadequate water supply. Groundwater
constitutes 97% of global freshwater and is an important source of drinking-water in
many regions of the world. However, a number of studies from low-income countries
have indicated that improved access to water - and the resulting increases in the
quantity of water or time used for hygiene - are the determining factors of health
benefits, rather than improvements in water quality.
The matters at hand are to determine whether human power is enough to

operate such a system, how much clean drinking water it will produce, and if it
produces a reasonable amount for the work put in. Simple techniques for treating
water at home, such as chlorination, filters, and solar disinfection, and storing it in
safe containers could save a huge number of lives each year. Reducing deaths from
waterborne diseases is a major public health goal. A device is designed to test the
practicality of this idea through a numerical analysis. The device uses a pedal to
harness human motion to convert it into usable power to run a reverse osmosis
filteration system. This is used to calculate the power needed to power such a design

and is then compared with researched data of available power from humans. It
indicated that a human could easily provide enough power to run a reverse osmosis
system.
The Earth is covered by 75% water, yet one of the world’s greatest issues is a
lack of pure drinking water. Every year, almost four million people die from water-
related diseases and 98% of those occur in the developing world. In response to such a
need, this idea is proposed to produce clean drinking water by reverse osmosis
filteration by means of human power. There are several means to purify water;
however, because of its incredible thoroughness, a reverse osmosis system has been
preferentially selected for this design.
According to a 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) report, 1.1 billion

people lack access to pure drinking water supply, 88 percent of the 4 billion annual
cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and
hygiene, and 1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each year. The WHO
estimates that 94 percent of these diarrheal cases are preventable through
modifications to the environment, including access to safe water.
Water is the prerequisite for all human and economic development. Safe, clean
drinking water is scarce. Nearly 1 billion people in the developing world don’t have
access to it. Water scarcity is either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe
water, but the problem goes beyond just water. In the developing world the
availability of clean water is often consuming and expensive. In some areas on the
drought area women and girls specially, are given the task of walking miles at a time
to a water source such as ponds or streams to collect water for their families. More
often than not the water being collected is unsafe and full of diseases. Having access
to clean water has the capability of improving four of the major problems in the
developing world, these are education, hunger, health and poverty. When children are
from gathering water they can return to class and especially young girls, who are
commonly responsible for the task, are able to stay in school through their teenage
years, A study conducted in 2010 by UNICEF as a progress report on their
Millennium Development Goals that more than a quarter of the population in Africa
takes longer than 30 minutes to make one water collection round trip. Water leads to

food security, with continued access to it less crop loss occurs and hunger is reduced.
As of today many non-profit organization have surfaced, all with one goal in common
help fix the water crisis worldwide. Some of these organization are the Water Project
who began their work in 2006, they mostly focus their work in Sub-Saharan Africa.
water.org was founded in 1990, with the experience they have gathered over the years
the organization is able to help in a more worldwide scale currently having active
projects in the Asian countries of Bangladesh and India as well as the Caribbean
country of Haiti. Over the years this organization has become one of the most
important in the battle for safe water, having brought their projects to 20 countries
around the globe.
1.3 Problem Statement
Developing countries around the world face debilitating challenges accessing

safe and clean drinking water. Alarming statistic led us to the idea that we could use a
simple mechanism of transportation that is common in these areas, such as the
bicycle, to help aid their water and sanitation struggles. Our goal is to design a bicycle
attachment to purify and transport water from contaminated sources that is activated
while the rider is pedaling. This attachment, though not a permanent solution, would
be a contribution to the improvement of their quality of life.

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is one of the important steps to be followed while carrying

out dissertation work. Literature review gives, detailed information about
presentpractices used in different mechanism of pedal operated water filteraton
system results of advance researches all over the world, literature' review gives the
brief history of a particular problem
A paper by Curtis V. and Cairncross S.addresses the development and

performance of human powered mini paddy harvester. they developed a mechanism
for harvesting of mini paddy so that they got easy harvesting in minimum period of
time. This set up is used to cut the crop residues like wheat, rice, etc. which helps
formers. Also this set up uses the manpower of labor through pedaling mechanism
which is provided with different gear, chain, flywheel and pulley mechanisms which
results in transmission of this manual motion into rotary motion of cutter at the end
which cuts the crops because of which the crops get cut easily without any hard effect
[1].
The objective of paper by Sreejith K., Manu Sunny, Martin O.J. and Mintu
Louis, Noble Patrick K. was to design, fabricate and experimentally investigate the
working of Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump (PPCP) which used in small drinking
water supply and garden irrigation. PPCP consists of a centrifugal pump operated by
pedal power. The centrifugal pump is positioned on its stand in such a way that driven
shaft of the centrifugal pump is butted to the bicycle wheel. By pedaling the bicycle,
the bicycle wheel rotates, thereby rotating the centrifugal pump which in turns
discharges water from the sump. PPCP provides drinking water and irrigation in
remote areas where electricity is not available. PPCP is not only free particular
problem from pollution but also provide healthy exercise. PPCP reduces the rising
energy costs. PPCP is designed as a portable one which can be used for irrigation in
various places. The experimental investigation was executed and performance of the
PPCP was carried out at different rpm. The results indicate that the PPCP had given a
considerable amount of discharge and head. The PPWP requires only manual power

thereby reducing the utility bill considerably. Experimental result shows that
discharge of about 0.0025m3/sec can be obtained for around 140rpm[2].
A paper by Howard G. addresses Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump (PPCP) is

an ecofriendly water pump. The PPCP works on mechanical energy without
electricity. PPCP provides drinking water and irrigation in remote areas where
electricity is not available. PPCP is not only free from pollution but also provide
healthy exercise. PPCP reduces the rising energy costs. PPCP is designed as a
portable one which can be used for irrigation in various places. PPCP consists of a
centrifugal pump operated by pedal power. The centrifugal pump is positioned on its
stand in such a way that driven shaft of the centrifugal pump is butted to the bicycle
wheel. By pedaling the bicycle, the bicycle wheel rotates, thereby rotating the
centrifugal pump which in turns discharges water from the sump[3].
AtulP.Ganorkar, K.S.Zakiuddin, H.A.Hussain, conducted an experiment on

“Development of pedal operated water pump”. Their machine consists of three
subsystems namely (1) Energy Unit : Comprising of a suitable peddling mechanism,
speed rise gear pair and Flywheel conceptualized as Human Powered Flywheel Motor
(HPFM) (2) Suitable torsionally flexible clutch and torque amplification gear pair and
(3) a water pump unit. Though human capacity is continuous duty, the processes
needing power even upto 6.0 hp can be energised by such a machine concept[4].
Vishal Garg, NeeleshKhandare, GautamYadav conducted an experiment on

“Pedal powered water pump”. They found pedal operated pump can be construct
using local material skill.. This bicycle pedal operated pumps water at 2-3 liters per
minute from wells and boreholes up to 23 in feet depth. Provides irrigation and
drinking water where electricity is not available. They can be built using locally
available materials and can be easily adapted to suit the needs of local people. It is
available in low cost, can be used anywhere, produce no pollution and provide healthy
exercise [5].
Ademola Samuel Akinwonmi, Stephen KwasiAdzimah, Fredrick Oppong

conducted an experiment on “Pedal powered centrifugal pump for pure water supply
device”. This paper analyzes the design of a pedal powered purified water supply

device to be used by local dwellers. It works on the principle of compression and

experimental investigation of pedal sudden release of a tube by creating negative
pressure in the tube and this vacuum created draws water from the sump into the
pump while rollers push the water through to the filter where adsorption takes place to
purify the water. The design analysis shows that one revolution of the pedal gives 1.1
litres of water. This design reduced the labour, cost and weariness caused by
transporting and sanitizing drinkable water for use in the homes of Ghanaian villages
[6].
Bryan Leehas prepared a conceptually “Simple water pump” that will be easy
to maintain and repair using basic tools while providing enough water flow to irrigate
a small plot of farmland. The report outlines the design process that has been followed
and a description of the agreed model that is to be constructed, cost analysis and
timeline[7].
M.Serazul Islam, M.ZakariaHossai and M. Abdul Khadir [5] conducted an

experiment on “Design and development of pedal pump for low lift irrigation”. A
study was undertaken to design and construct a low-lift pedal pump for use in small
irrigation project areas. For this purpose, different types of piston valves and check
valves were constructed and tested at different suction heads in the laboratory to
evaluate their performances. During pedal pump operation, less input power was
needed and it can be operated by one adult man for a long time (more than 2 hours)
continuously without being tired. Efficiency of the pump was 46.53 percent against a
head of 1.65 m. The pedal pump was constructed using local materials and skill. It
would be suitable to irrigate small and fragmented land holdings, especially to pump
water from a shallow depth (up to 2 m) to irrigate small plots like vegetables and seed
beds with less physical effort[8].

 Project Objective
1. To develop bicycle attachment to purify and transportation of water.

2. To develop cost effective system for areas affected by dearth.
3. To develop design a mechanism water filter to supply purified water for villages
by harnessing the human pedal power and the nearby streams in these villages in
order to reduce the labour cost.
4. To reduce problems faced by people to bring water for useable purpose

Chapter 3:METHODOLOGY
While designing any new component a very important step is the selection of
proper methodology.It decides the guideline for work and eases that work.
Also for modification of existing component the selection of proper

methodology for any machine component is one of the important steps in the design
process. The best method is one which will serve the desired purpose at minimum
cost. It is not always easy to select such method and process may involve the Intuitive
method. And by using some important method are selected and discussed further.For
the successful completion of any project, work must in proper direction. The flow
chart is given to show the proper direction.
Identification of Problem
Study of Literature
Design Calculation
Construction and working
Experimentation and Testing
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Pedal Operated Water Filteration System

3.1 Identification of Problem
No mechanism or no system is ideal. Every system consists of some problem.

Therefore to make the system more economical and useful, identification of problem
must be done. Once the problem in the system is identified it can be solved by
properly studying it and giving best possible solution.
3.2 Study of literature review
This helps to select the direction of work. The researchers who have already
worked on the pedal operated water filteration system will be studied and from their
reference further work will be carried forward.
3.3 Design Calculation
For designing any component the forces and stresses must be known. And this
will be found out by using conventional design. So, by using conventional design, the
forces and stresses acting on the shaft will be found out. The following procedure will
be followed for designing purpose-
i. Design Calculation of bicycle.
ii. Design Calculation for pump.
iii. Length Calculation for V belt.
3.4 Construction, Working and Assembly
In this construction, working and assembly of pedal operated water Filteration

system is given in complete details are studied while working for project
3.5 Experimentation and Testing
The experimentation and testing carried out on pedal operated water filteration
system is described in details.

3.6 Results and Discussion
The result conclusion and graph obtained from Pedal Operated Water
Filteration System is discussed.

Chapter 4 :CONSTRUCTION, WORKING AND

ASSEMBLY
4.1 Construction
The pedal operated water filteration system consists of mainly three parts, the first one
is centrifugal pump, the second is the bicycle, and the third one is the stand. Pedal
operated water filteration system consists of a centrifugal pump operated by pedal
power.
Different parts Pedal Operated Water Filteration System are:-
4.1.1Bicycle Frame
A bicycle, often called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven,

single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A
bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist.
Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in 1 billion bicycles have been
produced worldwide, twice as many as the number of automobiles that have been
produced. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions. They also
provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adapted for use as children's toys,
general fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and bicycle racing.
The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright, or safety bicycle, has
changed little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885. But
many parts have been improved, especially since the advent of modern materials and
computer-aided design. These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs
for many types of cycling.
The bicycle's invention has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms
of culture and of advancing modern industrial methods. Several components that
eventually played a key role in the development of the automobile were initially

invented for use in the bicycle, including ball bearings, pneumatic tires, chain-driven
sprockets, and tension-spoked wheels.
Figure 4.1: Bicycle Frame
4.1.2 Water Filters
Water Filteration systems have changed the way we have been able to
consume our water on a daily basis. A water filter generally removes any impurities
by flowing the water through a series of screens and filters. The types of filters have
progressively advanced since the 19th century. There are methods out there that don’t
require such an advanced process. For instance, a water filter can be made from a
sequence of layers of natural resources: rock or sand. Nowadays, almost every
refrigerator in the world has a built-in water filteration system. However, there are
other various processes used depending on what contaminants are going to be
removed.
4.1.2.1Sediment Filter
Virtually all cartridge-style sediment filters follow the "radial flow" pattern
seen in the water filter system. In a radial flow design, water flows through the wall of
the filter into the inner core. This arrangement provides filtering surface that consists

of the entire length and circumference of the cartridge. The filter above is a "depth"
filter. Pleated filters offer even more filtering surface.
Water filters have many purposes. Some are designed to remove chemicals
from water. Others remove metallic contaminants or "dissolved solids" or charged
particles. In general terms, filters of this type are sieving devices. They are like nets
that catch and hold particles that are too large to pass through the holes in their
surface.
There are large backwashing filters that perform this function. They use beds
of natural media like sand, garnet, and anthracite to filter out unwanted particles like
dirt or iron rust. The newer versions usually rely on specifically designed and
manufactured media with brand names like Filter Ag, ChemSorb, or Micro Z to catch
particles. When particles are trapped in the bed, the filter "backwashes" by running
water backward through the media bed to wash the unwanted particles down the
drain.
Figure 4.2: Pleated Cellulose Filter (Sediment Filter)
Three-step water purification is a common filteration system made up of three

stages: Sediment filter, Kinetic Degradation Fluxion (KDF) Filter, and an activated
carbon filter. The first layer is the sediment filter, which removes any large matter
from the water. These filters are generally made of pleated cellulose: a collection of
natural fibers that are densely compacted. The KDF filter is the stage where the

excess chlorine is removed and converted to chloride. The last step in this procedure
flows through an activated carbon filter. The charged carbon particles attract other
charged contaminants such as heavy metals lead and copper. There are profoundly
other complex water filterations systems that can eliminate almost any contaminants,
including radioactive particles. One example is reverse osmosis, a high pressure
driven filtering system that uses a quality of filters and membranes to eradicate most
contaminates. Although, removing the essential minerals does not mean the water is
safe to drink. Also, this approach can be generally expensive since there are a variety
of filters required to flow the water through.
4.1.2.2 Carbon filter
Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated carbon to

remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical adsorption.
Each particle/granule of carbon provides a large surface area/pore structure,

allowing contaminants the maximum possible exposure to the active sites within the
filter media of activated carbon contains a surface area of approximately 100 acres.
Fig. 4.3 Carbon filter
Activated carbon works via a process called adsorption, whereby pollutant

molecules in the fluid to be treated are trapped inside the pore structure of the carbon
substrate. Carbon filtering is commonly used for water purification, in air purifiers
and industrial gas processing, for example the removal of siloxanes and hydrogen
sulfide from biogas. It is also used in a number of other applications, including
respirator masks, the purification of sugarcane and in the recovery of precious metals,
especially gold. It is also used in cigarette filters.

4.1.3 Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic symmetric work-absorbing turbo

machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of
rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational
energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor.In the project the rotational
motion is achieved by bicycle wheel. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near
to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a
diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
Figure 4.4: Centrifugal pump

Figure 4.5: Centrifugal pump used in project
Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical

pumping. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting
potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.
4.1.4 Vbelt
A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts
mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source of motion, to
transmit power efficiently, or to track relative movement.
The V-belt has been in existence since the early 1920’s. Through the years,
vast improvements have been madein the materials used in V-belt construction and in
cross sectional shape as well. Originally, V-belts came into being toreplace the flat
and round belts on automotive drives to ensure greater reliability. In 1930, Mr. Geist
of Allis Chalmers obtained patents on the use of V-belts in multiple for industrial
usage, which led to a very broad application of V-belts onall types of industrial
equipment. The use of V-belts in multiple, allowed drives with a much larger range of
horsepower capacity than ever before obtainable using single belt drives.

Figure 4.6: V belt
Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and
the shafts need not be parallel. In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the
pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be
crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to
the driver if on parallel shafts). As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one
application where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points.
4.1.5 Hose pipe
A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to
another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid
tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing. The shape of
a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).
Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance.

Common factors are size, pressure rating, weight, length, straight hose or coil hose,
and chemical compatibility.
Hoses are made from one or a combination of many different materials.

Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or
natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years,
hoses can also be manufactured from special grades of polyethylene (LDPE and

especially LLDPE). Other hose materials include PTFE (Teflon), stainless steel and
other metals.
Figure 4.7: Hose Pipe
4.1.6 Foot valve
The purpose of a foot valve is to maintain pump prime between pumping cycles. A
strainer prevents debris from entering the piping system. Foot valves are designed to
minimize head loss and optimize pumping efficiency. Economical foot valve designed
for use in irrigation, water systems and other industrial pumping applications. This
foot valve offers spring load closing and can be installed in any direction. The foot
valve has extremely low headloss. The valve has female NPT threaded connection for
easy installation
Figure 4.8: foot valve

4.2 Assembly
The first step of making pedal operated water filteration system is the
preparation of the bicycle. Then making of the foundation of mounting a centrifugal
pump in rear carriage of the bicycle and The shaft diameter of 1.3 cm and length of
the shaft 22 cm without electric winding is placed on the carriage of the bicycle. By
considering the wheel and rotor shaft space the centrifugal pump is connected with
the pulley by using belt and the nut and bolts.The foundation is adjustable with the
help of nut and bolts. The suction and delivery pipes are then connected to the suction
and delivery ports respectively Manual priming of the centrifugal pump is done next.
The outlet of the centrifugal pump is connected to the inlet of the sediment filter and
outlet of the sediment filter connected to the carbon filter and then by pedaling the
bicycle the rpm of the rotor shaft is measured using tachometer. The flow rate of
water is measured by using measuring tank and stop watch.
4.3 Working
The pedal powered water filtration system consists of mainly 3 parts:

centrifugal pump, bicycle and water filtration system. The pump is operated with the
help of belt and pulley arrangement which is powered by the bicycle.
The pump needs priming before starting. After priming the pump, inlet pipe
fitted with foot valve is inserted in the reservoir from where the water is to be
pumped. The belt is mounted on the pulley and rear wheel of bicycle. The working of
pump started with pedaling to the bicycle. As when the bicycle is pedaled the wheel
starts running with the help of chain drive. Due to rotation of the rear wheel, the belt
get revolved on the rear wheel resulting in rotation of the pulley mounted on the shaft
of centrifugal pump the centrifugal action of the pump, water gets pumped from
reservoir and lifted to the filtration system. Filtration system is connected to the outlet
of the pump. The filtration system induces firstly sediment filter and then carbon
filter.

The water get pumped to the filters. The dust and foreign particles get trapped
in sediment filter. Then the water is circulated through carbon filter where the
chemical impurities of water are collected. The filtered water collected from the
output of the carbon filter is collected in the storage tank.after the collection of
filtered water in the storage tank, the working of pump is completed. The discharge
can be measured from the water collected in storage tank with respect to time.

Chapter 5 : EXPERIMENTATION
5.1 Experimental Setup
The pedal operated water filteration system consists of mainly three parts, the
first one is centrifugal pump, the second is the bicycle, and the third one is the stand.
Pedal operated water filteration system consists of a centrifugal pump operated by
pedal power. The centrifugal pump is positioned on its stand in such a way that driven
shaft of the centrifugal pump is fitted to the bicycle wheel. by pedaling the bicycle,
the bicycle wheel rotates, thereby rotating the centrifugal pump which in turns
discharges water from the sump. Figure 5.1 shows the pedal powered centrifugal
pump.
Figure 5.1: Pedal Operated Water Filteration System
5.2 Experimental Procedure
The first step of making pedal operated water Filteration system is the
preparation of the stand. GI square pipes are made into sufficient pieces and are
welded together to make the stand. The stand is then connected with the back wheel
of the bicycle. by using the wheel and rotor shaft space the centrifugal pump is

connected with the stand by using the nut and bolts. The suction and delivery pipes
are then connected to the suction and delivery ports respectively Manual priming of
the centrifugal pump is done next. By pedaling the rpm of the rotor shaft is measured
using tachometer. The flow rate of water is measured by using measuring tank and
stop watch are given in following table
Table 5.1 Discharge Calculation for Pedal Operated Water Filteration
Sr. No. Speed Head Discharge

1 150 rpm 8M 0.00001(m³/sec)
2 150 rpm 6M 0.000012(m³/sec)
3 150 rpm 4M 0.000015(m³/sec)
4 150 rpm 2M 0.000035(m³/sec)

Chapter 6 :DESIGN CALCULATION
6.1 Cross Section of V-Belt:
This manual covers V-belt drives used primarily for power transmission in
industrial applications. One ormore V-belts may be used on a drive, as required, to
transmit the horsepower load. In general, the drivesare in the integral-horsepower
class as distinguished from light duty or fractional horsepower drives.This manual
covers the four classical V-belt cross sections and pulley groove sizes designated A,
B, C, D.Dimensions of V-belts and pulleys together with basic design data are
covered in this manual.
CROSS SECTION W H α FEATURES

A 12.5 9.0 40º
B 16.5 11.0 40º
C 22.0 14.0 40º
D 31.5 19.0 40º
Table 6.1: Cross Sections of V-Belt
Figure 6.1: Belt Deflection

6.2 Bicycle specification:

Bicycle chain drive specifications
 Diameter of the driver d1 = 16cm
 Diameter of the driven d2 =7.2cm
 Maximum speed of the driver N1 = 80 rpm
 Maximum speed of the driven N2 = 450 rpm
 Teeth of the driver T1 = 40 numbers
 Teeth of the driven T2 = 18 numbers
 The centre length between driver and driven x = 45 cm
6.3 Centrifugal pump specification:

 Diameter of the motor shaft d = 1.3 cm
 Length of the motor shaft l = 22 cm
 Pump type: single stage type
 Type of pump: centrifugal type
 Power of the pump:1.HP
 Discharge diameter of the pump = 2 cm
 Diameter of the wheel,d1 = 66 cm
 Diameter of the pulley,d2 = 5.8 cm
 Maximum speed of the wheel,N1 = 1000 rpm
 Maximum speed of the pulley,N2 = 1600 rpm
 The center length between driver and driven x = 56 cm
 Suction diameter of pipe = 3 cm

6.4 Model Calculation:
L1 = π (R 1+ R 2)+2x+(R1-R2)²/x1 = (for cycle)

Where,
R1 = radius of the driver = 8 cm
R2 = radius of the driven = 3.6 cm
X1= the centre length between driver and driven = 47cm
L1 = ᴫ (8+3.6) +2*45+ (8+3.6)²/47
L1 =130.85 cm
Where,
L1 = Length of chain between driver and driven.
R1= radius of the pulley = 33 cm
R2 = radius of the driven = 2.75 cm
X2 = the centre length between driver and driven = 56 cm
L 2= Length of belt between wheel and pully
L2 = π (R 1+ R 2)+2x+(R1-R2)²/x2 = (for pump)
L2 = ᴫ(30+2.75)2×56+(30-2.75)²/56
L2 = 228.14 cm
6.5 Speed Ratio:- (For Cycle Chain Drive)
Speed of the driver/speed of the driven= number of teeth on the driven/no. of teeth on
driver =
N2/N1=d1/d2=t1/t2
=450/80=16/7.2=40/18
Speed ratio= 56.25: 2.2: 2.2
Where
N1 = Speed of the driven = 450 rpm
N2 = Speed of the driver = 80 rpm
D1 = diameter of the driver =16 cm
D2=diameter of the driven = 7.2 cm
T1 = teeth of the driver = 40 numbers
T2 = teeth of the driven =18 numbers

6.6 Speed ratio (for pump wheel drive):
Speed of the driver/speed of driven

N2:N1 = d1/d2
1600/1000 = 66/5.8
Speed ratio = 1.6: 11.3
6.7 Head Vs Discharge Graph:
9
8
7
6
5
8
4
3 6
2
4
1
0 2
1
2
3
4
head discharge
Figure 6.2 Head and Discharge
Figure shows the variation of head with discharge. It is observed that the head
decreases uniformly with discharge. Experimental result shows that head of 8m can
be obtained with discharge of about 0.00001 m³/sec. The variation in the obtained
plot is due to errors in observation and due to power transmission losses.

6.8 Head Vs rpm Graph:
180
165
160
150
140
140
130
120
100
80
60
40
20
6 8
2 4
0
1 2 3 4
head rpm
Figure 6.3: Head and rpm
Table 6.2: Water TDS value without &With Filteration
Sr.No Water TDS value Without Filteration With Filteration
(in ppm) (in ppm)
1 Boring water 512 440
2 Dirking water 206 160

Chapter 7 :ADVANTAGE& DISADVANTAGE
7.1 Advantage
 Quick response for rural and disaster area.
 Easy to operate and maintenance
 Cost effective system for filtration and pumping of water.
 We can prevent disease from impure water.
 Convenient to carry.
 Does not need any electrical or fuel power.
 Maintenance cost negligible
 Water filteration is achieved in addition to the exercise of bicycle riding
7.2 Disadvantage
 It is not suitable for maximum head of water.
 Manual efforts are required

Chapter 8:CONCLUSION &FUTURE SCOPE
8.1 Conclusion
As the system is pedal powered it can be used for supply of water in rural
areas where other means of water transportation or supply means of water are
unavailable. With this system we are providing cost effective machine which will
pump and circulate the water and simultaneously filtering it. Due to this system we
can provide portable water to the remote areas and dearth areas where there is scarcity
of water.
This system also reduces the dieases causing due to the contaminated water
and also minimize the risk of life to withdraw water from the small sources which are
very deep.though this system is efficient, high manual efforts are required for
pedaling the bicycle and pump also. The performance of pump will vary person to
person who is peddling and the amount of effort they are putting.
This system can be used with the help of solar energy as there is availability of
solar energy in summer reason.
8.2 Future Scope
In the future we can improve and work on this project to make it much more
effective and efficient. Some of the future aspects of our project are:
 It can be used to generate electricity.
 It can be used to filter with higher accuracy.
 It can be used for large scale irrigation purpose.
 Capacity of water filtering can be increased with proper design, human efforts
can be reduced

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Pedal Operated Water Filteration System

1.1 Pedal Power

• Hand Operated Human Powered Machines: These machines are operated by

Figure 1.1: Hand Operated Human Powered Machines

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 1

• Hand Crank with Gear Transmission Unit:

Figure 1.2: Sugarcane Juice extractor

• Hand Crank with Chain Drive:

Figure 1.3: Hand Crank with Chain Drive

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 2

• Foot Operated Human Powered Machines:

Figure 1.4: Foot Operated Human Powered Machines

• Treadle Powered Unit:

Figure 1.5: Sewing Machine for Treadle Powered Unit

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 3

Figure 1.6: Bicycle Technology

1.2 Water Filteration System

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 4

Figure 1.7: Water Filteration system

The matters at hand are to determine whether human power is enough to

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 5

According to a 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) report, 1.1 billion

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 6

1.3 Problem Statement

Developing countries around the world face debilitating challenges accessing

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 7

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is one of the important steps to be followed while carrying

A paper by Curtis V. and Cairncross S.addresses the development and

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 8

A paper by Howard G. addresses Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump (PPCP) is

AtulP.Ganorkar, K.S.Zakiuddin, H.A.Hussain, conducted an experiment on

Vishal Garg, NeeleshKhandare, GautamYadav conducted an experiment on

Ademola Samuel Akinwonmi, Stephen KwasiAdzimah, Fredrick Oppong

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 9

device to be used by local dwellers. It works on the principle of compression and

M.Serazul Islam, M.ZakariaHossai and M. Abdul Khadir [5] conducted an

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 10

1. To develop bicycle attachment to purify and transportation of water.

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 11

Also for modification of existing component the selection of proper

Construction and working

Experimentation and Testing

Results and Discussion

Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Pedal Operated Water Filteration System

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 12

3.1 Identification of Problem

No mechanism or no system is ideal. Every system consists of some problem.

3.2 Study of literature review

3.3 Design Calculation

3.4 Construction, Working and Assembly

In this construction, working and assembly of pedal operated water Filteration

3.5 Experimentation and Testing

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 13

3.6 Results and Discussion

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 14

Chapter 4 :CONSTRUCTION, WORKING AND

A bicycle, often called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven,

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 15

Figure 4.1: Bicycle Frame

4.1.2 Water Filters

GHRCEM, Amravati Page 16

Figure 4.2: Pleated Cellulose Filter (Sediment Filter)